summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/man/systemd.time.xml
blob: ec13781f15310b54e15f237215a5bde5ab319b71 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">

<!--
  This file is part of systemd.

  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering

  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->

<refentry id="systemd.time">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>systemd.time</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <contrib>Developer</contrib>
        <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
        <surname>Poettering</surname>
        <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>systemd.time</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>systemd.time</refname>
    <refpurpose>Time and date specifications</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para>In systemd, timestamps, time spans, and calendar events are
    displayed and may be specified in closely related syntaxes.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Displaying Time Spans</title>

    <para>Time spans refer to time durations. On display, systemd will
    present time spans as a space-separated series of time values each
    suffixed by a time unit.</para>

    <programlisting>2h 30min</programlisting>

    <para>All specified time values are meant to be added up. The
    above hence refers to 150 minutes.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Parsing Time Spans</title>

    <para>When parsing, systemd will accept the same time span syntax.
    Separating spaces may be omitted. The following time units are
    understood:</para>

    <itemizedlist>
      <listitem><para>usec, us</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>msec, ms</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>seconds, second, sec, s</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>minutes, minute, min, m</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>hours, hour, hr, h</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>days, day, d</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>weeks, week, w</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>months, month, M</para></listitem>
      <listitem><para>years, year, y</para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <para>If no time unit is specified, generally seconds are assumed,
    but some exceptions exist and are marked as such. In a few cases
    <literal>ns</literal>, <literal>nsec</literal> is accepted too,
    where the granularity of the time span allows for this.</para>

    <para>Examples for valid time span specifications:</para>

    <programlisting>2 h
2hours
48hr
1y 12month
55s500ms
300ms20s 5day</programlisting>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Displaying Timestamps</title>

    <para>Timestamps refer to specific, unique points in time. On
    display, systemd will format these in the local timezone as
    follows:</para>

    <programlisting>Fri 2012-11-23 23:02:15 CET</programlisting>

    <para>The weekday is printed according to the locale choice of the
    user.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Parsing Timestamps</title>

    <para>When parsing, systemd will accept a similar syntax, but
    expects no timezone specification, unless it is given as the
    literal string "UTC". In this case, the time is considered in UTC,
    otherwise in the local timezone. The weekday specification is
    optional, but when the weekday is specified, it must either be in
    the abbreviated (<literal>Wed</literal>) or non-abbreviated
    (<literal>Wednesday</literal>) English language form (case does
    not matter), and is not subject to the locale choice of the user.
    Either the date, or the time part may be omitted, in which case
    the current date or 00:00:00, respectively, is assumed. The seconds
    component of the time may also be omitted, in which case ":00" is
    assumed. Year numbers may be specified in full or may be
    abbreviated (omitting the century).</para>

    <para>A timestamp is considered invalid if a weekday is specified
    and the date does not actually match the specified day of the
    week.</para>

    <para>When parsing, systemd will also accept a few special
    placeholders instead of timestamps: <literal>now</literal> may be
    used to refer to the current time (or of the invocation of the
    command that is currently executed). <literal>today</literal>,
    <literal>yesterday</literal>, and <literal>tomorrow</literal> refer to
    00:00:00 of the current day, the day before, or the next day,
    respectively.</para>

    <para>When parsing, systemd will also accept relative time
    specifications. A time span (see above) that is prefixed with
    <literal>+</literal> is evaluated to the current time plus the
    specified time span. Correspondingly, a time span that is prefixed
    with <literal>-</literal> is evaluated to the current time minus
    the specified time span. Instead of prefixing the time span with
    <literal>+</literal> or <literal>-</literal>, it may also be
    suffixed with a space and the word <literal>left</literal> or
    <literal>ago</literal>.</para>

    <para>Finally, a timespan prefixed with <literal>@</literal> is
    evaluated relative to the UNIX time epoch 1st Jan, 1970,
    00:00.</para>

    <para>Examples for valid timestamps and their normalized form
    (assuming the current time was 2012-11-23 18:15:22 and the timezone
    was UTC+8, for example TZ=Asia/Shanghai):</para>

    <programlisting>Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:13 → Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:13
    2012-11-23 11:12:13 → Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:13
2012-11-23 11:12:13 UTC → Fri 2012-11-23 19:12:13
             2012-11-23 → Fri 2012-11-23 00:00:00
               12-11-23 → Fri 2012-11-23 00:00:00
               11:12:13 → Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:13
       11:12:13.9900009 → Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:13
                          format_timestamp_us: Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:13.990000
                  11:12 → Fri 2012-11-23 11:12:00
                    now → Fri 2012-11-23 18:15:22
                  today → Fri 2012-11-23 00:00:00
              today UTC → Fri 2012-11-23 16:00:00
              yesterday → Fri 2012-11-22 00:00:00
               tomorrow → Fri 2012-11-24 00:00:00
               +3h30min → Fri 2012-11-23 21:45:22
           +3h30min UTC → -EINVAL
                    -5s → Fri 2012-11-23 18:15:17
              11min ago → Fri 2012-11-23 18:04:22
          11min ago UTC → -EINVAL
            @1395716396 → Tue 2014-03-25 03:59:56</programlisting>

    <para>Note that timestamps printed by systemd will not be parsed
    correctly by systemd, as the timezone specification is not
    accepted, and printing timestamps is subject to locale settings
    for the weekday, while parsing only accepts English weekday
    names.</para>

    <para>In some cases, systemd will display a relative timestamp
    (relative to the current time, or the time of invocation of the
    command) instead or in addition to an absolute timestamp as
    described above. A relative timestamp is formatted as
    follows:</para>

    <para>2 months 5 days ago</para>

    <para>Note that any relative timestamp will also parse correctly
    where a timestamp is expected. (see above)</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Calendar Events</title>

    <para>Calendar events may be used to refer to one or more points
    in time in a single expression. They form a superset of the
    absolute timestamps explained above:</para>

    <programlisting>Thu,Fri 2012-*-1,5 11:12:13</programlisting>

    <para>The above refers to 11:12:13 of the first or fifth day of
    any month of the year 2012, but only if that day is a Thursday or
    Friday.</para>

    <para>The weekday specification is optional. If specified, it
    should consist of one or more English language weekday names,
    either in the abbreviated (Wed) or non-abbreviated (Wednesday)
    form (case does not matter), separated by commas. Specifying two
    weekdays separated by <literal>-</literal> refers to a range of
    continuous weekdays. <literal>,</literal> and <literal>-</literal>
    may be combined freely.</para>

    <para>In the date and time specifications, any component may be
    specified as <literal>*</literal> in which case any value will
    match. Alternatively, each component can be specified as a list of
    values separated by commas. Values may also be suffixed with
    <literal>/</literal> and a repetition value, which indicates that
    the value and all values plus multiples of the repetition value
    are matched.</para>

    <para>Either time or date specification may be omitted, in which
    case the current day and 00:00:00 is implied, respectively. If the
    second component is not specified, <literal>:00</literal> is
    assumed.</para>

    <para>A timezone specification is not expected, unless it is given
    as the literal string "UTC", similarly to timestamps.</para>

    <para>The special expressions
    <literal>minutely</literal>,
    <literal>hourly</literal>, <literal>daily</literal>,
    <literal>monthly</literal>, <literal>weekly</literal>,
    <literal>yearly</literal>,
    <literal>quarterly</literal>,
    <literal>semiannually</literal> may be used as
    calendar events which refer to
    <literal>*-*-* *:*:00</literal>,
    <literal>*-*-* *:00:00</literal>,
    <literal>*-*-* 00:00:00</literal>,
    <literal>*-*-01 00:00:00</literal>,
    <literal>Mon *-*-* 00:00:00</literal>,
    <literal>*-01-01 00:00:00</literal>,
    <literal>*-01,04,07,10-01 00:00:00</literal> and
    <literal>*-01,07-01 00:00:00</literal>, respectively.
    </para>

    <para>Examples for valid timestamps and their
    normalized form:</para>

<programlisting>   Sat,Thu,Mon-Wed,Sat-Sun → Mon-Thu,Sat,Sun *-*-* 00:00:00
     Mon,Sun 12-*-* 2,1:23 → Mon,Sun 2012-*-* 01,02:23:00
                   Wed *-1 → Wed *-*-01 00:00:00
           Wed-Wed,Wed *-1 → Wed *-*-01 00:00:00
                Wed, 17:48 → Wed *-*-* 17:48:00
Wed-Sat,Tue 12-10-15 1:2:3 → Tue-Sat 2012-10-15 01:02:03
               *-*-7 0:0:0 → *-*-07 00:00:00
                     10-15 → *-10-15 00:00:00
       monday *-12-* 17:00 → Mon *-12-* 17:00:00
 Mon,Fri *-*-3,1,2 *:30:45 → Mon,Fri *-*-01,02,03 *:30:45
      12,14,13,12:20,10,30 → *-*-* 12,13,14:10,20,30:00
 mon,fri *-1/2-1,3 *:30:45 → Mon,Fri *-01/2-01,03 *:30:45
            03-05 08:05:40 → *-03-05 08:05:40
                  08:05:40 → *-*-* 08:05:40
                     05:40 → *-*-* 05:40:00
    Sat,Sun 12-05 08:05:40 → Sat,Sun *-12-05 08:05:40
          Sat,Sun 08:05:40 → Sat,Sun *-*-* 08:05:40
          2003-03-05 05:40 → 2003-03-05 05:40:00
      2003-03-05 05:40 UTC → 2003-03-05 05:40:00 UTC
                2003-03-05 → 2003-03-05 00:00:00
                     03-05 → *-03-05 00:00:00
                    hourly → *-*-* *:00:00
                     daily → *-*-* 00:00:00
                 daily UTC → *-*-* 00:00:00 UTC
                   monthly → *-*-01 00:00:00
                    weekly → Mon *-*-* 00:00:00
                    yearly → *-01-01 00:00:00
                  annually → *-01-01 00:00:00
                     *:2/3 → *-*-* *:02/3:00</programlisting>

      <para>Calendar events are used by timer units, see
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
      for details.</para>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
      <title>See Also</title>
      <para>
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
      </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>