path: root/src/libudev/libudev-enumerate.c

/*
 * libudev - interface to udev device information
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2010 Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
 *
 * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <fnmatch.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/param.h>

#include "libudev.h"
#include "libudev-private.h"

/**
 * SECTION:libudev-enumerate
 * @short_description: lookup and sort sys devices
 *
 * Lookup devices in the sys filesystem, filter devices by properties,
 * and return a sorted list of devices.
 */

struct syspath {
        char *syspath;
        size_t len;
};

/**
 * udev_enumerate:
 *
 * Opaque object representing one device lookup/sort context.
 */
struct udev_enumerate {
        struct udev *udev;
        int refcount;
        struct udev_list sysattr_match_list;
        struct udev_list sysattr_nomatch_list;
        struct udev_list subsystem_match_list;
        struct udev_list subsystem_nomatch_list;
        struct udev_list sysname_match_list;
        struct udev_list properties_match_list;
        struct udev_list tags_match_list;
        struct udev_device *parent_match;
        struct udev_list devices_list;
        struct syspath *devices;
        unsigned int devices_cur;
        unsigned int devices_max;
        bool devices_uptodate:1;
        bool match_is_initialized;
};

/**
 * udev_enumerate_new:
 * @udev: udev library context
 *
 * Create an enumeration context to scan /sys.
 *
 * Returns: an enumeration context.
 **/
_public_ struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate_new(struct udev *udev)
{
        struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate;

        udev_enumerate = calloc(1, sizeof(struct udev_enumerate));
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return NULL;
        udev_enumerate->refcount = 1;
        udev_enumerate->udev = udev;
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->sysattr_match_list, false);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->sysattr_nomatch_list, false);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->subsystem_match_list, true);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->subsystem_nomatch_list, true);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->sysname_match_list, true);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->properties_match_list, false);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->tags_match_list, true);
        udev_list_init(udev, &udev_enumerate->devices_list, false);
        return udev_enumerate;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_ref:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 *
 * Take a reference of a enumeration context.
 *
 * Returns: the passed enumeration context
 **/
_public_ struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate_ref(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return NULL;
        udev_enumerate->refcount++;
        return udev_enumerate;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_unref:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 *
 * Drop a reference of an enumeration context. If the refcount reaches zero,
 * all resources of the enumeration context will be released.
 *
 * Returns: the passed enumeration context if it has still an active reference, or #NULL otherwise.
 **/
_public_ struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate_unref(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        unsigned int i;

        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return NULL;
        udev_enumerate->refcount--;
        if (udev_enumerate->refcount > 0)
                return udev_enumerate;
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_match_list);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_nomatch_list);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_match_list);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_nomatch_list);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->sysname_match_list);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->properties_match_list);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->tags_match_list);
        udev_device_unref(udev_enumerate->parent_match);
        udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->devices_list);
        for (i = 0; i < udev_enumerate->devices_cur; i++)
                free(udev_enumerate->devices[i].syspath);
        free(udev_enumerate->devices);
        free(udev_enumerate);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_get_udev:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 *
 * Get the udev library context.
 *
 * Returns: a pointer to the context.
 */
_public_ struct udev *udev_enumerate_get_udev(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return NULL;
        return udev_enumerate->udev;
}

static int syspath_add(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *syspath)
{
        char *path;
        struct syspath *entry;

        /* double array size if needed */
        if (udev_enumerate->devices_cur >= udev_enumerate->devices_max) {
                struct syspath *buf;
                unsigned int add;

                add = udev_enumerate->devices_max;
                if (add < 1024)
                        add = 1024;
                buf = realloc(udev_enumerate->devices, (udev_enumerate->devices_max + add) * sizeof(struct syspath));
                if (buf == NULL)
                        return -ENOMEM;
                udev_enumerate->devices = buf;
                udev_enumerate->devices_max += add;
        }

        path = strdup(syspath);
        if (path == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        entry = &udev_enumerate->devices[udev_enumerate->devices_cur];
        entry->syspath = path;
        entry->len = strlen(path);
        udev_enumerate->devices_cur++;
        udev_enumerate->devices_uptodate = false;
        return 0;
}

static int syspath_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        const struct syspath *path1 = p1;
        const struct syspath *path2 = p2;
        size_t len;
        int ret;

        len = MIN(path1->len, path2->len);
        ret = memcmp(path1->syspath, path2->syspath, len);
        if (ret == 0) {
                if (path1->len < path2->len)
                        ret = -1;
                else if (path1->len > path2->len)
                        ret = 1;
        }
        return ret;
}

/* For devices that should be moved to the absolute end of the list */
static bool devices_delay_end(struct udev *udev, const char *syspath)
{
        static const char *delay_device_list[] = {
                "/block/md",
                "/block/dm-",
                NULL
        };
        int i;

        for (i = 0; delay_device_list[i] != NULL; i++) {
                if (strstr(syspath + strlen("/sys"), delay_device_list[i]) != NULL)
                        return true;
        }
        return false;
}

/* For devices that should just be moved a little bit later, just
 * before the point where some common path prefix changes. Returns the
 * number of characters that make up that common prefix */
static size_t devices_delay_later(struct udev *udev, const char *syspath)
{
        const char *c;

        /* For sound cards the control device must be enumerated last
         * to make sure it's the final device node that gets ACLs
         * applied. Applications rely on this fact and use ACL changes
         * on the control node as an indicator that the ACL change of
         * the entire sound card completed. The kernel makes this
         * guarantee when creating those devices, and hence we should
         * too when enumerating them. */

        if ((c = strstr(syspath, "/sound/card"))) {
                c += 11;
                c += strcspn(c, "/");

                if (startswith(c, "/controlC"))
                        return c - syspath + 1;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_get_list_entry:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 *
 * Get the first entry of the sorted list of device paths.
 *
 * Returns: a udev_list_entry.
 */
_public_ struct udev_list_entry *udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return NULL;
        if (!udev_enumerate->devices_uptodate) {
                unsigned int i;
                unsigned int max;
                struct syspath *prev = NULL, *move_later = NULL;
                size_t move_later_prefix = 0;

                udev_list_cleanup(&udev_enumerate->devices_list);
                qsort(udev_enumerate->devices, udev_enumerate->devices_cur, sizeof(struct syspath), syspath_cmp);

                max = udev_enumerate->devices_cur;
                for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
                        struct syspath *entry = &udev_enumerate->devices[i];

                        /* skip duplicated entries */
                        if (prev != NULL &&
                            entry->len == prev->len &&
                            memcmp(entry->syspath, prev->syspath, entry->len) == 0)
                                continue;
                        prev = entry;

                        /* skip to be delayed devices, and add them to the end of the list */
                        if (devices_delay_end(udev_enumerate->udev, entry->syspath)) {
                                syspath_add(udev_enumerate, entry->syspath);
                                /* need to update prev here for the case realloc() gives a different address */
                                prev = &udev_enumerate->devices[i];
                                continue;
                        }

                        /* skip to be delayed devices, and move the to
                         * the point where the prefix changes. We can
                         * only move one item at a time. */
                        if (!move_later) {
                                move_later_prefix = devices_delay_later(udev_enumerate->udev, entry->syspath);

                                if (move_later_prefix > 0) {
                                        move_later = entry;
                                        continue;
                                }
                        }

                        if (move_later &&
                            strncmp(entry->syspath, move_later->syspath, move_later_prefix) != 0) {

                                udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->devices_list, move_later->syspath, NULL);
                                move_later = NULL;
                        }

                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->devices_list, entry->syspath, NULL);
                }

                if (move_later)
                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->devices_list, move_later->syspath, NULL);

                /* add and cleanup delayed devices from end of list */
                for (i = max; i < udev_enumerate->devices_cur; i++) {
                        struct syspath *entry = &udev_enumerate->devices[i];

                        udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->devices_list, entry->syspath, NULL);
                        free(entry->syspath);
                }
                udev_enumerate->devices_cur = max;

                udev_enumerate->devices_uptodate = true;
        }
        return udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->devices_list);
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @subsystem: filter for a subsystem of the device to include in the list
 *
 * Match only devices belonging to a certain kernel subsystem.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *subsystem)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (subsystem == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_match_list, subsystem, NULL) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_nomatch_subsystem:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @subsystem: filter for a subsystem of the device to exclude from the list
 *
 * Match only devices not belonging to a certain kernel subsystem.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_nomatch_subsystem(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *subsystem)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (subsystem == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_nomatch_list, subsystem, NULL) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_sysattr:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @sysattr: filter for a sys attribute at the device to include in the list
 * @value: optional value of the sys attribute
 *
 * Match only devices with a certain /sys device attribute.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_sysattr(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *sysattr, const char *value)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (sysattr == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_match_list, sysattr, value) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_nomatch_sysattr:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @sysattr: filter for a sys attribute at the device to exclude from the list
 * @value: optional value of the sys attribute
 *
 * Match only devices not having a certain /sys device attribute.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_nomatch_sysattr(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *sysattr, const char *value)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (sysattr == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_nomatch_list, sysattr, value) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

static int match_sysattr_value(struct udev_device *dev, const char *sysattr, const char *match_val)
{
        const char *val = NULL;
        bool match = false;

        val = udev_device_get_sysattr_value(dev, sysattr);
        if (val == NULL)
                goto exit;
        if (match_val == NULL) {
                match = true;
                goto exit;
        }
        if (fnmatch(match_val, val, 0) == 0) {
                match = true;
                goto exit;
        }
exit:
        return match;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_property:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @property: filter for a property of the device to include in the list
 * @value: value of the property
 *
 * Match only devices with a certain property.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_property(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *property, const char *value)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (property == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->properties_match_list, property, value) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_tag:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @tag: filter for a tag of the device to include in the list
 *
 * Match only devices with a certain tag.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_tag(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *tag)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (tag == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->tags_match_list, tag, NULL) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_parent:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @parent: parent device where to start searching
 *
 * Return the devices on the subtree of one given device. The parent
 * itself is included in the list.
 *
 * A reference for the device is held until the udev_enumerate context
 * is cleaned up.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, struct udev_device *parent)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (parent == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_enumerate->parent_match != NULL)
                udev_device_unref(udev_enumerate->parent_match);
        udev_enumerate->parent_match = udev_device_ref(parent);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 *
 * Match only devices which udev has set up already. This makes
 * sure, that the device node permissions and context are properly set
 * and that network devices are fully renamed.
 *
 * Usually, devices which are found in the kernel but not already
 * handled by udev, have still pending events. Services should subscribe
 * to monitor events and wait for these devices to become ready, instead
 * of using uninitialized devices.
 *
 * For now, this will not affect devices which do not have a device node
 * and are not network interfaces.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        udev_enumerate->match_is_initialized = true;
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_match_sysname:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @sysname: filter for the name of the device to include in the list
 *
 * Match only devices with a given /sys device name.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_match_sysname(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *sysname)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (sysname == NULL)
                return 0;
        if (udev_list_entry_add(&udev_enumerate->sysname_match_list, sysname, NULL) == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        return 0;
}

static bool match_sysattr(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, struct udev_device *dev)
{
        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

        /* skip list */
        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_nomatch_list)) {
                if (match_sysattr_value(dev, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry),
                                        udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry)))
                        return false;
        }
        /* include list */
        if (udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_match_list) != NULL) {
                udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->sysattr_match_list)) {
                        /* anything that does not match, will make it FALSE */
                        if (!match_sysattr_value(dev, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry),
                                                 udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry)))
                                return false;
                }
                return true;
        }
        return true;
}

static bool match_property(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, struct udev_device *dev)
{
        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
        bool match = false;

        /* no match always matches */
        if (udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->properties_match_list) == NULL)
                return true;

        /* loop over matches */
        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->properties_match_list)) {
                const char *match_key = udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry);
                const char *match_value = udev_list_entry_get_value(list_entry);
                struct udev_list_entry *property_entry;

                /* loop over device properties */
                udev_list_entry_foreach(property_entry, udev_device_get_properties_list_entry(dev)) {
                        const char *dev_key = udev_list_entry_get_name(property_entry);
                        const char *dev_value = udev_list_entry_get_value(property_entry);

                        if (fnmatch(match_key, dev_key, 0) != 0)
                                continue;
                        if (match_value == NULL && dev_value == NULL) {
                                match = true;
                                goto out;
                        }
                        if (match_value == NULL || dev_value == NULL)
                                continue;
                        if (fnmatch(match_value, dev_value, 0) == 0) {
                                match = true;
                                goto out;
                        }
                }
        }
out:
        return match;
}

static bool match_tag(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, struct udev_device *dev)
{
        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

        /* no match always matches */
        if (udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->tags_match_list) == NULL)
                return true;

        /* loop over matches */
        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->tags_match_list))
                if (!udev_device_has_tag(dev, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry)))
                        return false;

        return true;
}

static bool match_parent(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, struct udev_device *dev)
{
        if (udev_enumerate->parent_match == NULL)
                return true;

        return startswith(udev_device_get_devpath(dev), udev_device_get_devpath(udev_enumerate->parent_match));
}

static bool match_sysname(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *sysname)
{
        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

        if (udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->sysname_match_list) == NULL)
                return true;

        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->sysname_match_list)) {
                if (fnmatch(udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), sysname, 0) != 0)
                        continue;
                return true;
        }
        return false;
}

static int scan_dir_and_add_devices(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate,
                                    const char *basedir, const char *subdir1, const char *subdir2)
{
        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
        size_t l;
        char *s;
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *dent;

        s = path;
        l = util_strpcpyl(&s, sizeof(path), "/sys/", basedir, NULL);
        if (subdir1 != NULL)
                l = util_strpcpyl(&s, l, "/", subdir1, NULL);
        if (subdir2 != NULL)
                util_strpcpyl(&s, l, "/", subdir2, NULL);
        dir = opendir(path);
        if (dir == NULL)
                return -ENOENT;
        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
                char syspath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
                struct udev_device *dev;

                if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                        continue;

                if (!match_sysname(udev_enumerate, dent->d_name))
                        continue;

                util_strscpyl(syspath, sizeof(syspath), path, "/", dent->d_name, NULL);
                dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev_enumerate->udev, syspath);
                if (dev == NULL)
                        continue;

                if (udev_enumerate->match_is_initialized) {
                        /*
                         * All devices with a device node or network interfaces
                         * possibly need udev to adjust the device node permission
                         * or context, or rename the interface before it can be
                         * reliably used from other processes.
                         *
                         * For now, we can only check these types of devices, we
                         * might not store a database, and have no way to find out
                         * for all other types of devices.
                         */
                        if (!udev_device_get_is_initialized(dev) &&
                            (major(udev_device_get_devnum(dev)) > 0 || udev_device_get_ifindex(dev) > 0))
                                goto nomatch;
                }
                if (!match_parent(udev_enumerate, dev))
                        goto nomatch;
                if (!match_tag(udev_enumerate, dev))
                        goto nomatch;
                if (!match_property(udev_enumerate, dev))
                        goto nomatch;
                if (!match_sysattr(udev_enumerate, dev))
                        goto nomatch;

                syspath_add(udev_enumerate, udev_device_get_syspath(dev));
nomatch:
                udev_device_unref(dev);
        }
        closedir(dir);
        return 0;
}

static bool match_subsystem(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *subsystem)
{
        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_nomatch_list)) {
                if (fnmatch(udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), subsystem, 0) == 0)
                        return false;
        }
        if (udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_match_list) != NULL) {
                udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->subsystem_match_list)) {
                        if (fnmatch(udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), subsystem, 0) == 0)
                                return true;
                }
                return false;
        }
        return true;
}

static int scan_dir(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *basedir, const char *subdir, const char *subsystem)
{
        char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
        DIR *dir;
        struct dirent *dent;

        util_strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/sys/", basedir, NULL);
        dir = opendir(path);
        if (dir == NULL)
                return -1;
        for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
                if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                        continue;
                if (!match_subsystem(udev_enumerate, subsystem != NULL ? subsystem : dent->d_name))
                        continue;
                scan_dir_and_add_devices(udev_enumerate, basedir, dent->d_name, subdir);
        }
        closedir(dir);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_add_syspath:
 * @udev_enumerate: context
 * @syspath: path of a device
 *
 * Add a device to the list of devices, to retrieve it back sorted in dependency order.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 */
_public_ int udev_enumerate_add_syspath(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate, const char *syspath)
{
        struct udev_device *udev_device;

        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        if (syspath == NULL)
                return 0;
        /* resolve to real syspath */
        udev_device = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev_enumerate->udev, syspath);
        if (udev_device == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;
        syspath_add(udev_enumerate, udev_device_get_syspath(udev_device));
        udev_device_unref(udev_device);
        return 0;
}

static int scan_devices_tags(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;

        /* scan only tagged devices, use tags reverse-index, instead of searching all devices in /sys */
        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->tags_match_list)) {
                DIR *dir;
                struct dirent *dent;
                char path[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];

                util_strscpyl(path, sizeof(path), "/run/udev/tags/", udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry), NULL);
                dir = opendir(path);
                if (dir == NULL)
                        continue;
                for (dent = readdir(dir); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(dir)) {
                        struct udev_device *dev;

                        if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                                continue;

                        dev = udev_device_new_from_id_filename(udev_enumerate->udev, dent->d_name);
                        if (dev == NULL)
                                continue;

                        if (!match_subsystem(udev_enumerate, udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)))
                                goto nomatch;
                        if (!match_sysname(udev_enumerate, udev_device_get_sysname(dev)))
                                goto nomatch;
                        if (!match_parent(udev_enumerate, dev))
                                goto nomatch;
                        if (!match_property(udev_enumerate, dev))
                                goto nomatch;
                        if (!match_sysattr(udev_enumerate, dev))
                                goto nomatch;

                        syspath_add(udev_enumerate, udev_device_get_syspath(dev));
nomatch:
                        udev_device_unref(dev);
                }
                closedir(dir);
        }
        return 0;
}

static int parent_add_child(struct udev_enumerate *enumerate, const char *path)
{
        struct udev_device *dev;

        dev = udev_device_new_from_syspath(enumerate->udev, path);
        if (dev == NULL)
                return -ENODEV;

        if (!match_subsystem(enumerate, udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)))
                return 0;
        if (!match_sysname(enumerate, udev_device_get_sysname(dev)))
                return 0;
        if (!match_property(enumerate, dev))
                return 0;
        if (!match_sysattr(enumerate, dev))
                return 0;

        syspath_add(enumerate, udev_device_get_syspath(dev));
        udev_device_unref(dev);
        return 1;
}

static int parent_crawl_children(struct udev_enumerate *enumerate, const char *path, int maxdepth)
{
        DIR *d;
        struct dirent *dent;

        d = opendir(path);
        if (d == NULL)
                return -errno;

        for (dent = readdir(d); dent != NULL; dent = readdir(d)) {
                char *child;

                if (dent->d_name[0] == '.')
                        continue;
                if (dent->d_type != DT_DIR)
                        continue;
                if (asprintf(&child, "%s/%s", path, dent->d_name) < 0)
                        continue;
                parent_add_child(enumerate, child);
                if (maxdepth > 0)
                        parent_crawl_children(enumerate, child, maxdepth-1);
                free(child);
        }

        closedir(d);
        return 0;
}

static int scan_devices_children(struct udev_enumerate *enumerate)
{
        const char *path;

        path = udev_device_get_syspath(enumerate->parent_match);
        parent_add_child(enumerate, path);
        return parent_crawl_children(enumerate, path, 256);
}

static int scan_devices_all(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        struct stat statbuf;

        if (stat("/sys/subsystem", &statbuf) == 0) {
                /* we have /subsystem/, forget all the old stuff */
                scan_dir(udev_enumerate, "subsystem", "devices", NULL);
        } else {
                scan_dir(udev_enumerate, "bus", "devices", NULL);
                scan_dir(udev_enumerate, "class", NULL, NULL);
        }
        return 0;
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_scan_devices:
 * @udev_enumerate: udev enumeration context
 *
 * Scan /sys for all devices which match the given filters. No matches
 * will return all currently available devices.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 **/
_public_ int udev_enumerate_scan_devices(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* efficiently lookup tags only, we maintain a reverse-index */
        if (udev_list_get_entry(&udev_enumerate->tags_match_list) != NULL)
                return scan_devices_tags(udev_enumerate);

        /* walk the subtree of one parent device only */
        if (udev_enumerate->parent_match != NULL)
                return scan_devices_children(udev_enumerate);

        /* scan devices of all subsystems */
        return scan_devices_all(udev_enumerate);
}

/**
 * udev_enumerate_scan_subsystems:
 * @udev_enumerate: udev enumeration context
 *
 * Scan /sys for all kernel subsystems, including buses, classes, drivers.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, otherwise a negative error value.
 **/
_public_ int udev_enumerate_scan_subsystems(struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate)
{
        struct stat statbuf;
        const char *subsysdir;

        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
                return -EINVAL;

        /* all kernel modules */
        if (match_subsystem(udev_enumerate, "module"))
                scan_dir_and_add_devices(udev_enumerate, "module", NULL, NULL);

        if (stat("/sys/subsystem", &statbuf) == 0)
                subsysdir = "subsystem";
        else
                subsysdir = "bus";

        /* all subsystems (only buses support coldplug) */
        if (match_subsystem(udev_enumerate, "subsystem"))
                scan_dir_and_add_devices(udev_enumerate, subsysdir, NULL, NULL);

        /* all subsystem drivers */
        if (match_subsystem(udev_enumerate, "drivers"))
                scan_dir(udev_enumerate, subsysdir, "drivers", "drivers");
        return 0;
}