summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/shared/util.h
blob: b5f44b8a1fbb5ecbccad7db3c45ef2e1678cb09d (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/

#pragma once

/***
  This file is part of systemd.

  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering

  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***/

#include <alloca.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sched.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <mntent.h>
#include <sys/inotify.h>

#if SIZEOF_PID_T == 4
#  define PID_PRI PRIi32
#elif SIZEOF_PID_T == 2
#  define PID_PRI PRIi16
#else
#  error Unknown pid_t size
#endif
#define PID_FMT "%" PID_PRI

#if SIZEOF_UID_T == 4
#  define UID_FMT "%" PRIu32
#elif SIZEOF_UID_T == 2
#  define UID_FMT "%" PRIu16
#else
#  error Unknown uid_t size
#endif

#if SIZEOF_GID_T == 4
#  define GID_FMT "%" PRIu32
#elif SIZEOF_GID_T == 2
#  define GID_FMT "%" PRIu16
#else
#  error Unknown gid_t size
#endif

#if SIZEOF_TIME_T == 8
#  define PRI_TIME PRIi64
#elif SIZEOF_TIME_T == 4
#  define PRI_TIME PRIu32
#else
#  error Unknown time_t size
#endif

#if SIZEOF_RLIM_T == 8
#  define RLIM_FMT "%" PRIu64
#elif SIZEOF_RLIM_T == 4
#  define RLIM_FMT "%" PRIu32
#else
#  error Unknown rlim_t size
#endif

#include "macro.h"
#include "missing.h"
#include "time-util.h"

/* What is interpreted as whitespace? */
#define WHITESPACE " \t\n\r"
#define NEWLINE    "\n\r"
#define QUOTES     "\"\'"
#define COMMENTS   "#;"
#define GLOB_CHARS "*?["

/* What characters are special in the shell? */
/* must be escaped outside and inside double-quotes */
#define SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE "\"\\`$"
/* can be escaped or double-quoted */
#define SHELL_NEED_QUOTES SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE GLOB_CHARS "'()<>|&;"

#define FORMAT_BYTES_MAX 8

#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "\x1B[1;39m"
#define ANSI_RED_ON "\x1B[31m"
#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON "\x1B[1;31m"
#define ANSI_GREEN_ON "\x1B[32m"
#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON "\x1B[1;32m"
#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_ON "\x1B[1;33m"
#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_BLUE_ON "\x1B[1;34m"
#define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF "\x1B[0m"
#define ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE "\x1B[K"

size_t page_size(void) _pure_;
#define PAGE_ALIGN(l) ALIGN_TO((l), page_size())

#define streq(a,b) (strcmp((a),(b)) == 0)
#define strneq(a, b, n) (strncmp((a), (b), (n)) == 0)
#define strcaseeq(a,b) (strcasecmp((a),(b)) == 0)
#define strncaseeq(a, b, n) (strncasecmp((a), (b), (n)) == 0)

bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;

#define new(t, n) ((t*) malloc_multiply(sizeof(t), (n)))

#define new0(t, n) ((t*) calloc((n), sizeof(t)))

#define newa(t, n) ((t*) alloca(sizeof(t)*(n)))

#define newa0(t, n) ((t*) alloca0(sizeof(t)*(n)))

#define newdup(t, p, n) ((t*) memdup_multiply(p, sizeof(t), (n)))

#define malloc0(n) (calloc((n), 1))

static inline const char* yes_no(bool b) {
        return b ? "yes" : "no";
}

static inline const char* true_false(bool b) {
        return b ? "true" : "false";
}

static inline const char* one_zero(bool b) {
        return b ? "1" : "0";
}

static inline const char* strempty(const char *s) {
        return s ? s : "";
}

static inline const char* strnull(const char *s) {
        return s ? s : "(null)";
}

static inline const char *strna(const char *s) {
        return s ? s : "n/a";
}

static inline bool isempty(const char *p) {
        return !p || !p[0];
}

static inline char *startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
        size_t l;

        l = strlen(prefix);
        if (strncmp(s, prefix, l) == 0)
                return (char*) s + l;

        return NULL;
}

static inline char *startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
        size_t l;

        l = strlen(prefix);
        if (strncasecmp(s, prefix, l) == 0)
                return (char*) s + l;

        return NULL;
}

char *endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) _pure_;

char *first_word(const char *s, const char *word) _pure_;

int close_nointr(int fd);
int safe_close(int fd);
void safe_close_pair(int p[]);

void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd);

int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size);

int parse_boolean(const char *v) _pure_;
int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid);
int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid);
#define parse_gid(s, ret_uid) parse_uid(s, ret_uid)

int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u);
int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i);

int safe_atollu(const char *s, unsigned long long *ret_u);
int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_i);

int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d);

int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret);

#if LONG_MAX == INT_MAX
static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
}
static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(int));
        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_u);
}
#else
static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
}
static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(long long int));
        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_u);
}
#endif

static inline int safe_atou32(const char *s, uint32_t *ret_u) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(unsigned));
        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
}

static inline int safe_atoi32(const char *s, int32_t *ret_i) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(int32_t) == sizeof(int));
        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_i);
}

static inline int safe_atou64(const char *s, uint64_t *ret_u) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
}

static inline int safe_atoi64(const char *s, int64_t *ret_i) {
        assert_cc(sizeof(int64_t) == sizeof(long long int));
        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_i);
}

int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret);
int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret);

const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted);

#define FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, state)                            \
        _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, WHITESPACE, false, state)

#define FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, s, separator, state)       \
        _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, separator, false, state)

#define FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, length, s, state)                     \
        _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, WHITESPACE, true, state)

#define _FOREACH_WORD(word, length, s, separator, quoted, state)        \
        for ((state) = (s), (word) = split(&(state), &(length), (separator), (quoted)); (word); (word) = split(&(state), &(length), (separator), (quoted)))

pid_t get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *ppid);

char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix);
char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t length);

char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env);
char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env);

int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret);
int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r);
int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret);
int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r);
int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r);

int reset_all_signal_handlers(void);
int reset_signal_mask(void);

char *strstrip(char *s);
char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad);
char *truncate_nl(char *s);

char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename);

int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop);

int get_process_state(pid_t pid);
int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name);
int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line);
int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name);
int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid);
int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid);
int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff);
int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd);
int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root);
int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **environ);

char hexchar(int x) _const_;
int unhexchar(char c) _const_;
char octchar(int x) _const_;
int unoctchar(char c) _const_;
char decchar(int x) _const_;
int undecchar(char c) _const_;

char *cescape(const char *s);
char *cunescape(const char *s);
char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length);
char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix);

char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad);

char *ascii_strlower(char *path);

bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) _pure_;
bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) _pure_;

bool hidden_file(const char *filename) _pure_;

bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;

int make_stdio(int fd);
int make_null_stdio(void);
int make_console_stdio(void);

int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n);
void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n);
void initialize_srand(void);

static inline uint64_t random_u64(void) {
        uint64_t u;
        random_bytes(&u, sizeof(u));
        return u;
}

static inline uint32_t random_u32(void) {
        uint32_t u;
        random_bytes(&u, sizeof(u));
        return u;
}

/* For basic lookup tables with strictly enumerated entries */
#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
        scope const char *name##_to_string(type i) {                    \
                if (i < 0 || i >= (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table))      \
                        return NULL;                                    \
                return name##_table[i];                                 \
        }

ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key);

#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)                                \
        scope inline type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                                   \
                return (type)string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s);    \
        }

#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,scope)                    \
        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)        \
        struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__

#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,)
#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,static)
#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,static)
#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,static)

/* For string conversions where numbers are also acceptable */
#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(name,type,max)         \
        int name##_to_string_alloc(type i, char **str) {                \
                char *s;                                                \
                int r;                                                  \
                if (i < 0 || i > max)                                   \
                        return -ERANGE;                                 \
                if (i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table)) {              \
                        s = strdup(name##_table[i]);                    \
                        if (!s)                                         \
                                return log_oom();                       \
                } else {                                                \
                        r = asprintf(&s, "%i", i);                      \
                        if (r < 0)                                      \
                                return log_oom();                       \
                }                                                       \
                *str = s;                                               \
                return 0;                                               \
        }                                                               \
        type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                        \
                type i;                                                 \
                unsigned u = 0;                                         \
                assert(s);                                              \
                for (i = 0; i < (type)ELEMENTSOF(name##_table); i++)    \
                        if (name##_table[i] &&                          \
                            streq(name##_table[i], s))                  \
                                return i;                               \
                if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0 && u <= max)                  \
                        return (type) u;                                \
                return (type) -1;                                       \
        }                                                               \
        struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__

int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock);
int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec);

int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except);

bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype);
bool fstype_is_deviceless(const char *fstype);

int chvt(int vt);

int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t timeout, bool *need_nl);
int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) _printf_(3, 4);
int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) _printf_(2, 3);

int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text);
int reset_terminal(const char *name);

int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode);
int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm, usec_t timeout);
int release_terminal(void);

int flush_fd(int fd);

int ignore_signals(int sig, ...);
int default_signals(int sig, ...);
int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...);

int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path);

ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);
int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll);

bool is_device_path(const char *path);

int dir_is_empty(const char *path);
char* dirname_malloc(const char *path);

void rename_process(const char name[8]);

void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...);
int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...);

bool hostname_is_set(void);

char* lookup_uid(uid_t uid);
char* gethostname_malloc(void);
char* getlogname_malloc(void);
char* getusername_malloc(void);

int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r);
int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r);

int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d);
int get_ctty(pid_t, dev_t *_devnr, char **r);

int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);

int is_fd_on_temporary_fs(int fd);

int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev);
int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev);
int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky);
int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky);

int pipe_eof(int fd);

cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus);

int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) _printf_(4,0);
int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) _printf_(4,5);

#define xsprintf(buf, fmt, ...) assert_se((size_t) snprintf(buf, ELEMENTSOF(buf), fmt, __VA_ARGS__) < ELEMENTSOF(buf))

int fd_columns(int fd);
unsigned columns(void);
int fd_lines(int fd);
unsigned lines(void);
void columns_lines_cache_reset(int _unused_ signum);

bool on_tty(void);

static inline const char *ansi_highlight(void) {
        return on_tty() ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : "";
}

static inline const char *ansi_highlight_red(void) {
        return on_tty() ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : "";
}

static inline const char *ansi_highlight_green(void) {
        return on_tty() ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : "";
}

static inline const char *ansi_highlight_yellow(void) {
        return on_tty() ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_ON : "";
}

static inline const char *ansi_highlight_blue(void) {
        return on_tty() ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_BLUE_ON : "";
}

static inline const char *ansi_highlight_off(void) {
        return on_tty() ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF : "";
}

int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb);

int running_in_chroot(void);

char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent);
                                   /* bytes                 columns */
char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent);

int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode);
int touch(const char *path);

char *unquote(const char *s, const char *quotes);
char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s);

int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status);
int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code);

noreturn void freeze(void);

bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) _pure_;
int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn);
int null_or_empty_fd(int fd);

DIR *xopendirat(int dirfd, const char *name, int flags);

char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p);

char *resolve_dev_console(char **active);
bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty);
bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty);
bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) _pure_;
int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty);
const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty);

void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]);

int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig);

bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle);

bool plymouth_running(void);

bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase);

bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;

char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l);

int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd);
int terminal_vhangup(const char *name);

int vt_disallocate(const char *name);

int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to);
int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode);

int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t mode);

bool display_is_local(const char *display) _pure_;
int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path);

int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home, const char **shell);
int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid);

int in_gid(gid_t gid);
int in_group(const char *name);

char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid);
char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid);

int glob_exists(const char *path);
int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path);

int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de);

int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list);

char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) _sentinel_;

bool is_main_thread(void);

static inline bool _pure_ in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
        assert(s);
        assert(charset);
        return s[strspn(s, charset)] == '\0';
}

int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret);

#define NULSTR_FOREACH(i, l)                                    \
        for ((i) = (l); (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((i), 0)+1)

#define NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(i, j, l)                             \
        for ((i) = (l), (j) = strchr((i), 0)+1; (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((j), 0)+1, (j) = *(i) ? strchr((i), 0)+1 : (i))

int ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
int ioprio_class_from_string(const char *s);

const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i) _const_;
int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;

int log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
int log_facility_unshifted_from_string(const char *s);

int log_level_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
int log_level_from_string(const char *s);

int sched_policy_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);

const char *rlimit_to_string(int i) _const_;
int rlimit_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;

int ip_tos_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
int ip_tos_from_string(const char *s);

const char *signal_to_string(int i) _const_;
int signal_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;

int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s);

extern int saved_argc;
extern char **saved_argv;

bool kexec_loaded(void);

int prot_from_flags(int flags) _const_;

char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t);

int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t timeout);

void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) _alloc_(2);

int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid);

int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n);
int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n);

int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...);

int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim);

int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value);

bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;

bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag);

bool in_initrd(void);

void warn_melody(void);

int get_home_dir(char **ret);
int get_shell(char **_ret);

static inline void freep(void *p) {
        free(*(void**) p);
}

static inline void closep(int *fd) {
        safe_close(*fd);
}

static inline void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
        umask(*u);
}

static inline void close_pairp(int (*p)[2]) {
        safe_close_pair(*p);
}

DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, fclose);
DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, pclose);
DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(DIR*, closedir);
DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, endmntent);

#define _cleanup_free_ _cleanup_(freep)
#define _cleanup_close_ _cleanup_(closep)
#define _cleanup_umask_ _cleanup_(umaskp)
#define _cleanup_globfree_ _cleanup_(globfree)
#define _cleanup_fclose_ _cleanup_(fclosep)
#define _cleanup_pclose_ _cleanup_(pclosep)
#define _cleanup_closedir_ _cleanup_(closedirp)
#define _cleanup_endmntent_ _cleanup_(endmntentp)
#define _cleanup_close_pair_ _cleanup_(close_pairp)

_malloc_  _alloc_(1, 2) static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
                return NULL;

        return malloc(a * b);
}

_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *realloc_multiply(void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
                return NULL;

        return realloc(p, a * b);
}

_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
                return NULL;

        return memdup(p, a * b);
}

bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) _pure_;
bool path_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
bool string_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) _pure_;

/**
 * Check if a string contains any glob patterns.
 */
_pure_ static inline bool string_is_glob(const char *p) {
        return !!strpbrk(p, GLOB_CHARS);
}

void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
                 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *),
                 void *arg);

#define _(String) gettext (String)
void init_gettext(void);
bool is_locale_utf8(void);

typedef enum DrawSpecialChar {
        DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL,
        DRAW_TREE_BRANCH,
        DRAW_TREE_RIGHT,
        DRAW_TREE_SPACE,
        DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET,
        DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE,
        DRAW_ARROW,
        DRAW_DASH,
        _DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX
} DrawSpecialChar;

const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch);

char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string);

char *strip_tab_ansi(char **p, size_t *l);

int on_ac_power(void);

int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f);
int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f);

#define FOREACH_LINE(line, f, on_error)                         \
        for (;;)                                                \
                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {            \
                        if (ferror(f)) {                        \
                                on_error;                       \
                        }                                       \
                        break;                                  \
                } else

#define FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, on_error)                                 \
        for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d))   \
                if (!de) {                                              \
                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
                                on_error;                               \
                        }                                               \
                        break;                                          \
                } else if (hidden_file((de)->d_name))                   \
                        continue;                                       \
                else

#define FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, on_error)                             \
        for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d))   \
                if (!de) {                                              \
                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
                                on_error;                               \
                        }                                               \
                        break;                                          \
                } else

static inline void *mempset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
        memset(s, c, n);
        return (uint8_t*)s + n;
}

char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l);

char *strextend(char **x, ...) _sentinel_;
char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n);

void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
#define GREEDY_REALLOC(array, allocated, need)                          \
        greedy_realloc((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))

#define GREEDY_REALLOC0(array, allocated, need)                         \
        greedy_realloc0((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))

static inline void _reset_errno_(int *saved_errno) {
        errno = *saved_errno;
}

#define PROTECT_ERRNO _cleanup_(_reset_errno_) __attribute__((unused)) int _saved_errno_ = errno

static inline int negative_errno(void) {
        /* This helper should be used to shut up gcc if you know 'errno' is
         * negative. Instead of "return -errno;", use "return negative_errno();"
         * It will suppress bogus gcc warnings in case it assumes 'errno' might
         * be 0 and thus the caller's error-handling might not be triggered. */
        assert_return(errno > 0, -EINVAL);
        return -errno;
}

struct _umask_struct_ {
        mode_t mask;
        bool quit;
};

static inline void _reset_umask_(struct _umask_struct_ *s) {
        umask(s->mask);
};

#define RUN_WITH_UMASK(mask)                                            \
        for (_cleanup_(_reset_umask_) struct _umask_struct_ _saved_umask_ = { umask(mask), false }; \
             !_saved_umask_.quit ;                                      \
             _saved_umask_.quit = true)

static inline unsigned u64log2(uint64_t n) {
#if __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ == 8
        return (n > 1) ? (unsigned) __builtin_clzll(n) ^ 63U : 0;
#else
#error "Wut?"
#endif
}

static inline unsigned u32ctz(uint32_t n) {
#if __SIZEOF_INT__ == 4
        return __builtin_ctz(n);
#else
#error "Wut?"
#endif
}

static inline unsigned log2i(int x) {
        assert(x > 0);

        return __SIZEOF_INT__ * 8 - __builtin_clz(x) - 1;
}

static inline unsigned log2u(unsigned x) {
        assert(x > 0);

        return sizeof(unsigned) * 8 - __builtin_clz(x) - 1;
}

static inline unsigned log2u_round_up(unsigned x) {
        assert(x > 0);

        if (x == 1)
                return 0;

        return log2u(x - 1) + 1;
}

static inline bool logind_running(void) {
        return access("/run/systemd/seats/", F_OK) >= 0;
}

#define DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(x)                            \
        ({                                              \
                typeof(x) _x_ = (x);                    \
                unsigned ans = 1;                       \
                while (_x_ /= 10)                       \
                        ans++;                          \
                ans;                                    \
        })

int unlink_noerrno(const char *path);

#define alloca0(n)                                      \
        ({                                              \
                char *_new_;                            \
                size_t _len_ = n;                       \
                _new_ = alloca(_len_);                  \
                (void *) memset(_new_, 0, _len_);       \
        })

/* It's not clear what alignment glibc/gcc alloca() guarantee, hence provide a guaranteed safe version */
#define alloca_align(size, align)                                       \
        ({                                                              \
                void *_ptr_;                                            \
                size_t _mask_ = (align) - 1;                            \
                _ptr_ = alloca((size) + _mask_);                        \
                (void*)(((uintptr_t)_ptr_ + _mask_) & ~_mask_);         \
        })

#define alloca0_align(size, align)                                      \
        ({                                                              \
                void *_new_;                                            \
                size_t _size_ = (size);                                 \
                _new_ = alloca_align(_size_, (align));                  \
                (void*)memset(_new_, 0, _size_);                        \
        })

#define strjoina(a, ...)                                                \
        ({                                                              \
                const char *_appendees_[] = { a, __VA_ARGS__ };         \
                char *_d_, *_p_;                                        \
                int _len_ = 0;                                          \
                unsigned _i_;                                           \
                for (_i_ = 0; _i_ < ELEMENTSOF(_appendees_) && _appendees_[_i_]; _i_++) \
                        _len_ += strlen(_appendees_[_i_]);              \
                _p_ = _d_ = alloca(_len_ + 1);                          \
                for (_i_ = 0; _i_ < ELEMENTSOF(_appendees_) && _appendees_[_i_]; _i_++) \
                        _p_ = stpcpy(_p_, _appendees_[_i_]);            \
                *_p_ = 0;                                               \
                _d_;                                                    \
        })

#define procfs_file_alloca(pid, field)                                  \
        ({                                                              \
                pid_t _pid_ = (pid);                                    \
                const char *_r_;                                        \
                if (_pid_ == 0) {                                       \
                        _r_ = ("/proc/self/" field);                    \
                } else {                                                \
                        _r_ = alloca(strlen("/proc/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1 + sizeof(field)); \
                        sprintf((char*) _r_, "/proc/"PID_FMT"/" field, _pid_);                       \
                }                                                       \
                _r_;                                                    \
        })

bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;

int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r);

int shall_restore_state(void);

/**
 * Normal qsort requires base to be nonnull. Here were require
 * that only if nmemb > 0.
 */
static inline void qsort_safe(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
                              int (*compar)(const void *, const void *)) {
        if (nmemb) {
                assert(base);
                qsort(base, nmemb, size, compar);
        }
}

int proc_cmdline(char **ret);
int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_word)(const char *key, const char *value));
int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *parameter, char **value);

int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid);

int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd);
int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd);

bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid);
bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid);

int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred);
int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret);

int writev_safe(int fd, const struct iovec *w, int j);

int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags);
int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags);

int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd);

unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p);
const char *personality_to_string(unsigned long);

uint64_t physical_memory(void);

void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s);

union file_handle_union {
        struct file_handle handle;
        char padding[sizeof(struct file_handle) + MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
};
#define FILE_HANDLE_INIT { .handle.handle_bytes = MAX_HANDLE_SZ }

int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param);

int umount_recursive(const char *target, int flags);

int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro);

int fflush_and_check(FILE *f);

int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret);
int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret);
int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret);

bool is_localhost(const char *hostname);

int take_password_lock(const char *root);

int is_symlink(const char *path);
int is_dir(const char *path, bool follow);

int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, bool relax);
int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) _sentinel_;

int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s);

int sethostname_idempotent(const char *s);

#define INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX (sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1)

#define FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz) \
        for ((e) = &buffer.ev;                                \
             (uint8_t*) (e) < (uint8_t*) (buffer.raw) + (sz); \
             (e) = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) (e) + sizeof(struct inotify_event) + (e)->len))

union inotify_event_buffer {
        struct inotify_event ev;
        uint8_t raw[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX];
};

#define laccess(path, mode) faccessat(AT_FDCWD, (path), (mode), AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)

int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret);

int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags);

ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags);

int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec);
int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec);
int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec);
int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags);

int same_fd(int a, int b);

int chattr_fd(int fd, bool b, unsigned mask);
int chattr_path(const char *p, bool b, unsigned mask);
int change_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask);

int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret);
int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret);

typedef struct LockFile {
        char *path;
        int fd;
        int operation;
} LockFile;

int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret);
int make_lock_file_for(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret);
void release_lock_file(LockFile *f);

#define _cleanup_release_lock_file_ _cleanup_(release_lock_file)

#define LOCK_FILE_INIT { .fd = -1, .path = NULL }

#define RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(lim) ((struct rlimit) { lim, lim })

ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length);

void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid);
#define _cleanup_sigkill_wait_ _cleanup_(sigkill_wait)

int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility);

void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh);

int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath);