From 744ac32891804b95296c3de9576819c88b50a3d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dieter Plaetinck Date: Sat, 1 Aug 2009 22:47:34 +0200 Subject: import current official installation guide (EN), converted to markdown --- doc/official_installation_guide_en | 1112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 1112 insertions(+) create mode 100644 doc/official_installation_guide_en diff --git a/doc/official_installation_guide_en b/doc/official_installation_guide_en new file mode 100644 index 0000000..88c936b --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/official_installation_guide_en @@ -0,0 +1,1112 @@ +[][1] + + [1]: /index.php/Main_Page (Visit the main page [z]) + + * [Download][2] + + * [AUR][3] + + * [Bugs][4] + + * [Wiki][5] + + * [Forums][6] + + * [Home][7] + + [2]: http://www.archlinux.org/download/ + + [3]: http://aur.archlinux.org/ + + [4]: http://bugs.archlinux.org/ + + [5]: http://wiki.archlinux.org/ + + [6]: http://bbs.archlinux.org/ + + [7]: http://www.archlinux.org/ + +# Official Arch Linux Install Guide + +### From ArchWiki + +Jump to: [navigation][8], [search][9] + + [8]: #column-one + + [9]: #searchInput + + +**Article summary** + +General installation documentation for the Arch Linux distribution. + +**Available Languages** + +** English** + +[ 简体中文][10] + + [10]: +/index.php/Arch_Linux_%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97 +(Arch Linux 官方安装指南) + +[ 正體中文][11] + + [11]: +/index.php/Arch_Linux_%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%9D%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97 +(Arch Linux 官方安裝指南) + +[ Česky][12] + + [12]: /index.php/Ofici%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_instala%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_p%C5%99%C3%ADru%C +4%8Dka_(%C4%8Cesky) (Oficiální instalační příručka (Česky)) + +[ Русский][13] + + [13]: /index.php/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0% +B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5 +(Руководство по установке) + +[ Español][14] + + [14]: /index.php/Gu%C3%ADa_oficial_de_Instalaci%C3%B3n (Guía oficial de +Instalación) + +[ Italiano][15] + + [15]: /index.php/Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide_(Italiano) (Official +Arch Linux Install Guide (Italiano)) + +**Related articles** + +[Beginners Guide][16] (If you are new to Arch) + + [16]: /index.php/Beginners_Guide (Beginners Guide) + + +## Contents + + * [1 Introduction][17] + + [17]: #Introduction + + * [1.1 What is Arch Linux?][18] + + * [1.2 License][19] + + [18]: #What_is_Arch_Linux.3F + + [19]: #License + + * [2 Installing Arch Linux][20] + + [20]: #Installing_Arch_Linux + + * [2.1 Pre-Installation][21] + + * [2.2 Acquiring Arch Linux][22] + + * [2.3 Preparing the Installation Media][23] + + * [2.4 Using the Install Media][24] + + * [2.5 Common Installation Procedure][25] + + [21]: #Pre-Installation + + [22]: #Acquiring_Arch_Linux + + [23]: #Preparing_the_Installation_Media + + [24]: #Using_the_Install_Media + + [25]: #Common_Installation_Procedure + + * [2.5.1 Login and Loading a non-US Keymap][26] + + * [2.5.2 Running Setup][27] + + * [2.5.3 Select Source][28] + + [26]: #Login_and_Loading_a_non-US_Keymap + + [27]: #Running_Setup + + [28]: #Select_Source + + * [2.5.3.1 CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE][29] + + * [2.5.3.2 FTP/HTTP][30] + + [29]: #CD-ROM_or_OTHER_SOURCE + + [30]: #FTP.2FHTTP + + * [2.5.3.2.1 Setup Network][31] + + * [2.5.3.2.2 Choose Mirror][32] + + [31]: #Setup_Network + + [32]: #Choose_Mirror + + * [2.5.4 Set Clock][33] + + * [2.5.5 Prepare Hard Drive][34] + + [33]: #Set_Clock + + [34]: #Prepare_Hard_Drive + + * [2.5.5.1 Auto-Prepare][35] + + * [2.5.5.2 Partition Hard Drives][36] + + * [2.5.5.3 Set Filesystem Mountpoints][37] + + [35]: #Auto-Prepare + + [36]: #Partition_Hard_Drives + + [37]: #Set_Filesystem_Mountpoints + + * [2.5.6 Select Packages][38] + + * [2.5.7 Install Packages][39] + + * [2.5.8 Configure System][40] + + * [2.5.9 Install Bootloader][41] + + * [2.5.10 Exit Install][42] + + [38]: #Select_Packages + + [39]: #Install_Packages + + [40]: #Configure_System + + [41]: #Install_Bootloader + + [42]: #Exit_Install + + * [3 Package Management][43] + + * [4 APPENDIX][44] + + [43]: #Package_Management + + [44]: #APPENDIX + +## Introduction + +### What is Arch Linux? + +Arch Linux is an independently developed i686 and x86_64 optimized Linux +distribution that was originally based on ideas from CRUX. Development is +focused on a balance of simplicity, elegance, code-correctness and bleeding +edge software. It's lightweight and simple design makes it easy to extend and +mold into whatever kind of system you're building. + +### License + +Arch Linux and scripts are copyright + +2002-2007 Judd Vinet + +2007-2009 Aaron Griffin + +and are licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). + +## Installing Arch Linux + +### Pre-Installation + +Arch Linux is optimized for i686 and x86_64 processors and therefore will not +run on any lower or incompatible generations of x86 CPUs (i386,i486 or i586). +A Pentium II or AMD K6-2 processor or higher is required. Before installing +Arch Linux, you should decide which installation method you would like to use. +Arch Linux provides bootable ISO and USB disk images, using the GRUB +bootloader. The ISO images will work on almost any machine with a CD-ROM +drive, and the USB images will work on any system capable of booting from a +USB drive. For those having problems with GRUB not loading, ISOs with the +ISOLINUX bootloader are offered as well. There are two variants of each +installation medium which only differ in terms of supplied packages. + + * The "core" images contain a snapshot of the core packages. These images +are best suited for people who have an internet connection which is slow or +difficult to set up. + + * The "ftp" images contain no packages at all, and will use the network to +install packages. These images are preferred since you will end up with an up- +to-date system and they are best suited for people with fast internet +connections. + +You can instruct the installer to obtain the packages via FTP using either of +these images, and all images can also be used as fully functioning recovery +environments. The images run like any regular installed Arch Linux system. In +fact, they're exactly the same, just installed to a CD or USB image instead of +a hard disk. They include the entire "base" package set, as well as various +networking utilities and drivers. If there's something else you happen to need +at runtime, just get your Internet connection up and install it using pacman. +A short pacman command reference is available at the end of this document. The +most common (and recommended) installation procedure is to use the install +media to initially install only the "base" package set and whatever utilities +and drivers you need to get online. Then once you've successfully booted the +installed system, run a full system upgrade and install any other packages you +want. + +### Acquiring Arch Linux + + * You can download Arch Linux from any of the mirrors listed on the +[download][45] page. + + * You may also purchase an installation CD from Archux, OSDisc or LinuxCD +and have it shipped anywhere in the world. + + [45]: http://www.archlinux.org/download/ +(http://www.archlinux.org/download/) + +### Preparing the Installation Media + +**CD-ROM** + + * Download iso//archlinux-XXX.iso + + * Download iso//sha1sums.txt + + * Verify the integrity of the .iso image using sha1sum: + + + sha1sum --check sha1sums.txt + + archlinux-XXX.iso: OK + + + * Burn the ISO image to a CD-R or CD-RW using any software of your choice. + +**USB** + + * Download iso//archlinux-XXX.img + + * Download iso//sha1sums.txt + + * Verify the integrity of the .img image using sha1sum: + + + sha1sum --check sha1sums.txt + + archlinux-XXX.img: OK + + + * Write the disk image to a USB mass storage device, such as a thumb drive, +using dd or similar raw-write software: + + + dd if=archlinux-XXX.img of=/dev/sdX + + +Make sure to use /dev/sdX and not /dev/sdX1. This command will irrevocably +delete all files on your USB stick, so make sure you don't have any important +files on it before doing this. + +### Using the Install Media + +Make sure your BIOS is set in a way to allow booting from your CD-ROM or USB +device. Reboot your computer with the Arch Linux Installation CD in the drive +or the USB stick plugged in the port. Once the installation medium has booted +you will see the Arch Linux logo and a grub menu waiting for your selection. +Most likely you can just hit enter at this point. At the end of the boot +procedure, you should be at a login prompt with some simple instructions at +the top of the screen. You should login as root. At this point you are ready +to commence the actual installation, or do any manual preparation you consider +necessary. + +Using the available shell tools, experienced users are also able to prepare +the hard drive or any devices needed for the installation before starting the +installer. Note that the Arch Linux installation media also contains a +/arch/quickinst script for experienced users. This script installs the "base" +set of packages to a user-specified destination directory. If you are doing an +install with things like RAID and LVM, or don't want to use the installer at +all, you'll probably want to use the quickinst script. You will have to +configure the system afterwards since no form of auto-configuration takes +place. + +### Common Installation Procedure + +**Installation Steps:** + + 1. Loading a non-US Keymap + + 2. Running Setup + + 3. Select Source + + 1. CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE + + 2. FTP/HTTP + + 1. Setup Network + + 2. Choose Mirror + + 4. Set Clock + + 5. Prepare Hard Drive + + 1. Auto-Prepare + + 2. Partition Hard Drives + + 3. Set Filesystem Mountpoints + + 6. Select Packages + + 7. Install Packages + + 8. Configure System + + 9. Install Bootloader + + 10. Exit Install + +#### Login and Loading a non-US Keymap + +If you need to load a non-US keymap and/or want to set a different console +font, use the "km" utility. + + + km + + +#### Running Setup + +Now you can run /arch/setup to invoke the installer program. + + + /arch/setup + + +After an informational welcome message you will be presented with the main +installation menu. You can use UP and DOWN arrow to navigate menus. Use TAB to +switch between buttons and ENTER to select. At any point during the install +process, you can switch to your 7th virtual console (ALT-F7) to view the +output from the commands the setup is running. Use (ALT-F1) to get back to +your first console where the installer is running, and any F-key in between if +you need to open another console to intervene manually for any reason. + +#### Select Source + +As a first step you must choose the method you want to install Arch Linux. If +you have a fast Internet connection, you might prefer the FTP installation to +ensure you get the latest packages instead of using the potentially outdated +CD or USB image contents. + +##### CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE + +When choosing a CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE install you will only be able to +install packages contained on the CD, which may be quite old, or packages +stored on a medium you were able to mount (DVD, USB stick or similar) +somewhere in the filesystem tree manually. Of course it has the advantage that +you won't need an Internet connection, and is therefore the recommended choice +for dialup users or those unable or unwilling to download the entire package +set. + +##### FTP/HTTP + +###### Setup Network + +The first entry Setup Network will allow you to install and configure your +network device. If you are using a wireless device you will still need to use +the usual utilities to configure it manually, in which case this part of the +installer isn't much use to you. A list of all currently available network +devices is presented to you. If no ethernet device is available yet, or the +one you wish to use is missing, either hit OK and go on to probe for it, or +switch to another console and load the module manually. If you still can't +configure your network card, make sure it's physically been properly +installed, and that it is supported by the Linux kernel. + +When the correct module is loaded, and your desired network card is listed, +you should select the ethernet device you want to configure and you will be +given the option to configure your network with DHCP. If your network uses +DHCP, hit YES and let the installer do the rest. If you select NO, you will be +asked to enter the networking information manually. Either way, your network +should be successfully configured, and you may check connectivity using +standard tools like ping on another console. + +###### Choose Mirror + +Choose Mirror will allow you to choose the preferred mirror to download the +packages that will be installed in your Arch Linux system. You should choose a +mirror situated near where you live, in order to achieve faster download +speed. At some later point of the installation, you will be given the option +to use the mirror you choose at this step, as the default mirror to download +packages from. + +**Note: ** ftp.archlinux.org is throttled to 50 KB/s. + +These menu entries are only available when choosing FTP Installation, for +rather obvious reasons. After successful preparation, choose Return to Main +Menu. + +#### Set Clock + +Set Clock will allow you to set up your system clock and date. Choose UTC if +your BIOS clock is set to UTC, or localtime if your BIOS clock is set to your +local time. If you have an OS installed which cannot handle UTC BIOS times +correctly, like Windows, choose localtime, otherwise you should prefer UTC. +Next the setup will want you to select the continent and country you are from, +and then set the date and time. + +#### Prepare Hard Drive + +Prepare Hard Drive will lead you into a submenu offering two alternatives of +preparing your target drive for installation. + +##### Auto-Prepare + +The first choice is Auto-Prepare, which will automatically partition your hard +drive into a /boot, swap, a root partition, and a /home using the remaining +space and then create filesystems on all four. These partitions will also be +automatically mounted in the proper place. To be exact, this option will +create: + + * 32 MB ext2 /boot partition + + * 256 MB swap partition + + * 7.5 GB root partition + + * /home partition with the remaining space + +You will be prompted to modify the sizes to your requirements, but /home will +always use the remaining disk space. + +**AUTO-PREPARE WILL ERASE ALL DATA ON THE CHOSEN HARD DRIVE!** + +If you prefer to do the partitioning manually, use the other two options, +Partition Hard Drives and Set Filesystem Mountpoints to prepare the target +media according to your specifications as outlined below. After successful +preparation, choose Return to Main Menu. + +##### Partition Hard Drives + +Partition Hard Drives should be skipped if you chose Auto-Prepare already! + +Otherwise you should select the disk(s) you want to partition, and you'll be +dropped into the cfdisk program where you can freely modify the partitioning +information until you [Write] and [Quit]. You will need at least a root +partition to continue the installation, and it's helpful to note somewhere +which partition you're going to mount where, as you'll be asked exactly that +in the next step. + +##### Set Filesystem Mountpoints + +Set Filesystem Mountpoints should also be skipped if you chose to Auto-Prepare +your hard drive. You should select this choice once the partition information +is edited to your liking with the previous menu selection, or already existent +through whatever other means. + +The first question to answer is what partition to use as swap. Select the +previously created swap partition from the list, or NONE, if you don't want to +use a swap partition. Using a swap file is not directly supported by the +installer. Instead choose NONE here, finish the mountpoint associations, and +activate a swap file on your desired, formatted partition with the swapon +command. If you chose to use a swap partition, you will be asked whether to +create a filesystem on it, and since this partition uses a specific filesystem +of it's own, you should always answer YES here. + +After setting up the swap partition, you'll be asked to specify the partition +to be used as the root partition. This is mandatory. The association process +is then repeated until you choose DONE from the list. The installer will +suggest /boot for all following mountpoints after choosing swap and root. Each +time a partition to mount is specified, you will be asked if you want to +create a filesystem on the respective partition. Selecting YES, will prompt +you for the filesystem type to create. The partition will then be formatted +with the chosen filesystem type, destroying all data in the process. It should +be no problem, however, to say NO at this point to preserve any existing files +on the partition. Before the actual formatting is done, the installer will +present a list of all of your choices for review. After formatting and +mounting all partitions, you may return to the Main Menu and proceed with the +next step. + +#### Select Packages + +Select Packages will let you select the packages you wish to install from the +CD, USB or your FTP mirror. You have the opportunity to specify whole package +groups from which you'd generally like to install packages, then fine-tune +your coarse selection by (de)selecting individual packages from the groups you +have chosen using the space bar. It is recommended that you install all the +"base" packages, but not anything else at this point. The only exception to +this rule is installing any packages you need for setting up Internet +connectivity. + +Once you're done selecting the packages you need, leave the selection screen +and continue to the next step. + +#### Install Packages + +Install Packages will now install the base system and any other packages you +selected with resolved dependencies onto your harddisk. + +#### Configure System + +Configure System allows you to edit the configuration files crucial for your +newly installed system. You will be asked for the editor you want to use for +manually fine-tuning the generated configuration files, either VIM or nano. + +**Configuration Files** + +These are the core configuration files for Arch Linux. Only the most basic +configuration files are listed here. If you need help configuring a specific +service, please read the appropriate manpage or refer to any online +documentation you need. In many cases, the Arch Linux [Wiki][46] and +[forums][47] are a rich source for help as well. + + [46]: http://wiki.archlinux.org/ (http://wiki.archlinux.org/) + + [47]: http://bbs.archlinux.org/ (http://bbs.archlinux.org/) + + * /etc/rc.conf + + * [ /etc/fstab][48] + + * /etc/mkinitcpio.conf + + * /etc/modprobe.conf + + * /etc/resolv.conf + + * /etc/hosts + + * /etc/hosts.deny + + * /etc/hosts.allow + + * /etc/locale.gen + + * /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist + + [48]: /index.php/Fstab (Fstab) + + +**/etc/rc.conf** + +This is the main configuration file for Arch Linux. It allows you to set your +keyboard,timezone, hostname, network, daemons to run and modules to load at +bootup, profiles, and more. + +**LOCALE:** This sets your system language, which will be used by all i18n- +friendly applications and utilities. See locale.gen below for available +options. This setting's default is fine for US English users. + +**HARDWARECLOCK:** Either UTC if your BIOS clock is set to UTC, or localtime +if your BIOS clock is set to your local time. If you have an OS installed +which cannot handle UTC BIOS times correctly, like Windows, choose localtime +here, otherwise you should prefer UTC, which makes daylight savings time a +non-issue and has a few other positive aspects. + +**USEDIRECTISA:** If set to "yes" it tells hwclock to use explicit I/O +instructions to access the hardware clock. Otherwise, hwclock will try to use +the /dev/rtc device it assumes to be driven by the rtc device driver. This +setting's default "no" is fine for people not using an ISA machine. + +**TIMEZONE:** Specifies your time zone. Possible time zones are the relative +path to a zoneinfo file starting from the directory /usr/share/zoneinfo. For +example, a German timezone would be Europe/Berlin, which refers to the file +/usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin. If you don't know the exact name of your +timezone file, worry about it later. + +**KEYMAP:** Defines the keymap to load with the loadkeys program on bootup. +Possible keymaps are found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps. Please note that this +setting is only valid for your TTYs, not any graphical window managers or X! +Again, the default is fine for US users. + +**CONSOLEFONT:** Defines the console font to load with the setfont program on +bootup. Possible fonts are found in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts. + +**CONSOLEMAP:** Defines the console map to load with the setfont program on +bootup. Possible maps are found in /usr/share/kbd/consoletrans. You will want +to set this to a map suitable for your locale (8859-1 for Latin1, for example) +if you're using an UTF-8 locale above, and use programs that generate 8-bit +output. If you're using X11 for everyday work, don't bother, as it only +affects the output of Linux console applications. + +**USECOLOR:** Enable (or disable) colorized status messages during boot-up. + +**MOD_AUTOLOAD:** If set to "yes", udev will be allowed to load modules as +necessary upon bootup. If set to "no", it will not. + +**MODULES:** In this array you can list the names of modules you want to load +during bootup without the need to bind them to a hardware device as in the +modprobe.conf. Simply add the name of the module here, and put any options +into modprobe.conf if need be. Prepending a module with a bang ('!') will +blacklist the module, and not allow it to be loaded. + +**USELVM:** Set to "yes" to run a vgchange during sysinit, thus activating any +LVM groups + +**HOSTNAME:** Set this to the hostname of the machine, without the domain +part. This is totally your choice, as long as you stick to letters, digits and +a few common special characters like the dash. + +**INTERFACES:** Here you define the settings for your networking interfaces. +The default lines and the included comments explain the setup well enough. If +you use DHCP, 'eth0="dhcp"' should work for you. If you do not use DHCP just +keep in mind that the value of the variable (whose name must be equal to the +name of the device which is supposed to be configured) equals the line which +would be appended to the ifconfig command if you were to configure the device +manually in the shell. + +**ROUTES:** You can define your own static network routes with arbitrary names +here. Look at the example for a default gateway to get the idea. Basically the +quoted part is identical to what you'd pass to a manual route add command, +therefore reading man route is recommended if you don't know what to write +here, or simply leave this alone. + +**[ NET_PROFILES][49]:** Enables certain network profiles at bootup. Network +profiles provide a convenient way of managing multiple network configurations, +and are intended to replace the standard INTERFACES/ROUTES setup that is still +recommended for systems with only one network configuration. If your computer +will be participating in various networks at various times (eg, a laptop) then +you should take a look at the /etc/network-profiles/ directory to set up some +profiles. There is a template file included there that can be used to create +new profiles. This now requires the netcfg package. + + [49]: /index.php/Network_Profiles (Network Profiles) + +**DAEMONS:** This array simply lists the names of those scripts contained in +/etc/rc.d/ which are supposed to be started during the boot process. If a +script name is prefixed with a bang (!), it is not executed. If a script is +prefixed with an "at" symbol (@), then it will be executed in the background, +ie. the startup sequence will not wait for successful completion before +continuing. Usually you do not need to change the defaults to get a running +system, but you are going to edit this array whenever you install system +services like sshd, and want to start these automatically during bootup. + + +**[ /etc/fstab][50]** + + [50]: /index.php/Fstab (Fstab) + +Your filesystem settings and mountpoints are configured here. The installer +should have created the necessary entries for you, but you should look over it +and make sure it's right. If you are using an encrypted root device, LVM or +RAID, you will likely need to change the UUIDs the installer has inserted for +you to device names. + + +**/etc/mkinitcpio.conf** + +This file allows you to fine-tune the initial ramdisk for your system. The +ramdisk is a gzipped image that is read by the kernel during bootup. Its +purpose is to bootstrap the system to the point where it can access the root +filesystem. This means it has to load any modules that are required to "see" +things like IDE, SCSI, or SATA drives (or USB/FW, if you are booting off a +USB/FW drive). Once the ramdisk loads the proper modules, either manually or +through udev, it passes control to the Arch system and your bootup continues. +For this reason, the ramdisk only needs to contain the modules necessary to +access the root filesystem. It does not need to contain every module you would +ever want to use. The majority of your everyday modules will be loaded later +on by udev, during the init process. + +By default, mkinitcpio.conf is configured to autodetect all needed modules for +IDE, SCSI, or SATA systems through so-called HOOKS. This means the default +initrd should work for almost everybody. You can edit mkinitcpio.conf and +remove the subsystem HOOKS (ie, IDE, SCSI, RAID, USB, etc) that you don't +need. You can customize even further by specifying the exact modules you need +in the MODULES array and remove even more of the hooks, but proceed with +caution. + +If you're using RAID or encryption on your root filesystem, then you'll have +to tweak the RAID/CRYPT settings near the bottom. See the wiki pages for +RAID/LVM, filesystem encryption, and mkinitcpio for more info. If you're using +a non-US keyboard, you should also add the 'keymap' hook, as well as the +'usbinput' hook if you are using a USB keyboard. + + +**/etc/modprobe.conf** + +This tells the kernel which modules it needs to load for system devices, and +what options to set. For example, to have the kernel load your Realtek 8139 +ethernet module when it starts the network (ie. tries to setup eth0), use this +line: + + + alias eth0 8139too + + +Most people will not need to edit this file. + + +**/etc/resolv.conf** + +Use this file to manually setup your nameserver(s) that you want to use. It +should basically look like this: + + + search domain.tld + + nameserver 192.168.0.1 + + nameserver 192.168.0.2 + + +Replace domain.tld and the ip addresses with your settings. The so-called +search domain specifies the default domain that is appended to unqualified +hostnames automatically. By setting this, a ping myhost will effectively +become a ping myhost.domain.tld with the above values. These settings usually +aren't mighty important, though, and most people should leave them alone for +now. If you use DHCP, this file will be replaced with the correct values +automatically when networking is started, meaning you can and should happily +ignore this file. + + +**/etc/hosts** + +This is where you stick hostname/ip associations of computers on your network. +If a hostname isn't known to your DNS, you can add it here to allow proper +resolving, or override DNS replies. You usually don't need to change anything +here, but you might want to add the hostname and hostname + domain of the +local machine to this file, resolving to the IP of your network interface. +Some services, postfix for example, will bomb otherwise. If you don't know +what you're doing, leave this file alone until you read man hosts. + + +**/etc/hosts.deny** + +This file denies network services access. By default all network services are +denied. + + + ALL: ALL: DENY + + + +**/etc/hosts.allow** + +This file allows network services access. Enter the services you want to allow +here. eg. to allow all machines to connect via ssh: + + + sshd: ALL: ALLOW + + + +**/etc/locale.gen** + +This file contains a list of all supported locales and charsets available to +you. When choosing a LOCALE in your /etc/rc.conf or when starting a program, +it is required to uncomment the respective locale in this file, to make a +"compiled" version available to the system, and run the locale-gen command as +root to generate all uncommented locales and put them in their place +afterwards. You should uncomment all locales you intend to use. + +During the installation process, you do not need to run locale-gen manually, +this will be taken care of automatically after saving your changes to this +file. By default, all locales are enabled that would make sense by rc.conf's +LOCALE= setting. To make your system work smoothly, you should edit this file +and uncomment at least the one locale you're using in your rc.conf. + + +**/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist** + +This file contains a list of mirrors from which pacman will download packages +for the official Arch Linux repositories. The mirrors are tried in the order +in which they are listed. The $repo macro is automatically expanded by pacman +depending on the repository (core, extra, community or testing). + +If you are performing an FTP installation, the mirror you used to download the +packages from will be added on top of the mirror list, in order to be used as +the default mirror in your new Arch Linux system. + + +**Set Root Password** + +At this step, you must set the root password for your system. Choose this +password carefully, preferably as a mixture of alphanumeric and special +characters, since this password allows you to modify critical parts of your +system. + +When you are done editing the configuration files choose Return to return to +the main menu. The setup will regenerate the initial ramdisk to enable the +changes you made in mkinitcpio.conf. + +#### Install Bootloader + +Install Bootloader will install a bootloader on your hard drive, either GRUB +or NONE in case you have a bootloader already installed and want to use that +one instead. If you choose to install GRUB, the setup script will want you to +examine the appropriate configuration file to confirm the proper settings. + + +**/boot/grub/menu.lst** + +You should check and modify this file to accommodate your boot setup if you +want to use GRUB, otherwise you will have to modify your existing bootloader's +configuration file. The installer will have pre-populated this file using UUID +entries which you may have to change in the same cases you'd need to change +them in your fstab. + +After checking your bootloader configuration for correctness, you'll be +prompted for a partition to install the loader to. Unless you're using yet +another boot loader, you should install GRUB to the MBR of the installation +disk, which is usually represented by the appropriate device name without a +number suffix. + +#### Exit Install + +Exit the Installer, remove the media you used for the installation, type +reboot at the command line and cross your fingers. If your system boots up, +you can log in as root with the password you set during installation. + +Congratulations! Welcome to your new Arch Linux system! + +## Package Management + +Pacman is the package manager which tracks all the software installed on your +system. It has simple dependency support and uses the standard gzipped tar +archive format for all packages. Some common tasks you might need to use +during installation, are explained below with their respective commands. For +an extensive explanation of pacman's options, read man pacman or consult the +Arch Linux [Wiki][51]. + + [51]: http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman +(http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman) + + +**Typical tasks:** + + * Refreshing the package list + + + # pacman --sync --refresh + + # pacman -Sy + + +This will retrieve a fresh master package list from the repositories defined +in the /etc/pacman.conf file and decompress it into the database area. + + * Search the repositories for a package + + + # pacman --sync --search + + # pacman -Ss + + +Search each package in the sync databases for names or descriptions that match +regexp. + + * Display specific not installed package info + + + # pacman --sync --info foo + + # pacman -Si foo + + +Displays information on the not yet installed package foo (size, install date, +build date, dependencies, conflicts, etc.) + + * Adding a package from the repositories + + + # pacman --sync foo + + # pacman -S foo + + +Retrieve and install package foo, complete with all dependencies it requires. +Before using any sync option, make sure you refreshed the package list. + + * List installed packages + + + # pacman --query + + # pacman -Q + + +Displays a list of all installed packages in the system. + + * Check if a specific package is installed + + + # pacman --query foo + + # pacman -Q foo + + +This command will display the name and version of the foo package if it is +installed, nothing otherwise. + + * Display specific package info + + + # pacman --query --info foo + + # pacman -Qi foo + + +Displays information on the installed package foo (size, install date, build +date, dependencies, conflicts, etc.) + + * Display list of files contained in package + + + # pacman --query --list foo + + # pacman -Ql foo + + +Lists all files belonging to package foo. + + * Find out which package a specific file belongs to + + + # pacman --query --owns /path/to/file + + # pacman -Qo /path/to/file + + +This query displays the name and version of the package which contains the +file referenced by it's full path as a parameter. + +## APPENDIX + +See [Official Arch Linux Install Guide Appendix][52] for some related +unofficial documentation, new users may find useful. + + [52]: /index.php/Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide_Appendix (Official Arch +Linux Install Guide Appendix) + +Retrieved from +"[http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide][53]" + + [53]: http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide + +[Categories][54]: [Getting and installing Arch (English)][55] | [HOWTOs +(English)][56] + + [54]: /index.php/Special:Categories (Special:Categories) + + [55]: /index.php/Category:Getting_and_installing_Arch_(English) +(Category:Getting and installing Arch (English)) + + [56]: /index.php/Category:HOWTOs_(English) (Category:HOWTOs (English)) + +##### Views + + * [Page][57] + + * [Discussion][58] + + * [View source][59] + + * [History][60] + + [57]: /index.php/Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide (View the content page +[c]) + + [58]: /index.php/Talk:Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide (Discussion about +the content page [t]) + + [59]: /index.php?title=Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide&action=edit (This +page is protected. + +You can view its source [e]) + + [60]: /index.php?title=Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide&action=history +(Past revisions of this page [h]) + +##### Personal tools + + * [Log in / create account][61] + + [61]: +/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Official_Arch_Linux_Install_Guide +(You are encouraged to log in; 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