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diff --git a/examples/axes-time-zones/tz/asia b/examples/axes-time-zones/tz/asia new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d5562c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/examples/axes-time-zones/tz/asia @@ -0,0 +1,2717 @@ +# <pre> +# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of +# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. + +# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, +# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to +# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# +# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is +# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). +# +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source +# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport +# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), +# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries +# of the IATA's data after 1990. +# +# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for +# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. +# +# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, +# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which +# I found in the UCLA library. +# +# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). +# +# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; +# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. +# Corrections are welcome! +# std dst +# LMT Local Mean Time +# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time +# 2:00 IST IDT Israel +# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* +# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran +# 4:00 GST Gulf* +# 5:30 IST India +# 7:00 ICT Indochina* +# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia +# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia +# 8:00 CST China +# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)* +# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia +# 9:00 JST JDT Japan +# 9:00 KST KDT Korea +# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time +# +# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. + +# From Guy Harris: +# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as +# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental +# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - +# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. + +############################################################################### + +# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S +Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - +Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S +Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + +# Afghanistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 + 4:00 - AFT 1945 + 4:30 - AFT + +# Armenia +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) +# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then +# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even +# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz +# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST +# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that +# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, +# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): +# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to +# follow Russia's "old" rules. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): +# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, +# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html +# +# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the +# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of +# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. +# or +# (brief) +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time + 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence + 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s + 4:00 - AMT 1997 + 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s + 4:00 - AMT + +# Azerbaijan +# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): +# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 +# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S +Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time + 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence + 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 + 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time + 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 + 4:00 Azer AZ%sT + +# Bahrain +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah + 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun + 3:00 - AST + +# Bangladesh +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): +# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce +# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 +# +# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 +# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288"> +# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html +# </a> +# +# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from +# June +# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with +# crippling power crisis. " +# +# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if +# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): +# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between +# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. +# +# Some sources: +# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601"> +# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 +# </a> +# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2"> +# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 +# </a> +# +# Our wrap-up: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html +# </a> + +# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): +# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start +# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh +# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). +# +# No DST end date has been announced yet. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): +# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, +# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. +# +# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": +# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" +# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021"> +# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): +# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: +# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make +# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would +# "continue for an indefinite period." +# +# One of many places where it is published: +# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html"> +# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): +# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," +# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. +# +# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. +# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228"> +# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 +# </a> +# and +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html +# </a> +# +# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour +# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, +# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime +# Minister's Office last night..." + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): +# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," +# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time +# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817"> +# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html +# </a> + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 - + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 + 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? + 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 + 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time + 6:00 - BDT 2009 + 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT + +# Bhutan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu + 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct + 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time + +# British Indian Ocean Territory +# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the +# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. +# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; +# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which +# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 + 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time + 6:00 - IOT + +# Brunei +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan + 7:30 - BNT 1933 + 8:00 - BNT + +# Burma / Myanmar +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon + 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? + 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time + 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 + 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time + +# Cambodia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 + 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? + 7:00 - ICT 1912 May + 8:00 - ICT 1931 May + 7:00 - ICT + +# China + +# From Guy Harris: +# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. + +# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): +# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though +# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the +# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China +# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of +# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. +# +# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too +# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for +# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): +# +# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 +# 1987 mid-April - ?? + +# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): +# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN +# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau) +# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST +# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's +# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. +# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other +# pre-1980 time zones. + +# From Shanks & Pottenger: +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D +Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S +Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D + +# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): +# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five +# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official +# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). +# +# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14): +# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the +# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county +# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two +# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, +# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are +# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege +# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 +# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two +# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. + +# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): +# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk +# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986 +# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim +# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight +# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this +# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began +# observing daylight saving time in 1986. +# +# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11): +# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated +# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't +# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near +# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a +# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was +# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): +# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949 +# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a +# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with +# Shanks & Pottenger. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) +# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin +Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin + 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time + 8:00 - CST 1940 + 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May + 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT +# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") +# most of China +Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 + 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 + 8:00 PRC C%sT +# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) +# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; +# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong +# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, +# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. +Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking + 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time + 8:00 PRC C%sT +# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") +# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; +# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, +# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; +# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; +# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, +# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, +# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, +# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. +Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi + 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time + 8:00 PRC C%sT +# Kunlun Time +# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; +# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, +# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, +# and Yarkand. + +# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): +# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in +# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, +# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on +# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese +# they implicitly use Beijing time. +# +# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the +# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two +# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang +# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as +# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in +# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as +# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language +# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. +# +# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its +# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in +# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) +# +# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 +# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with +# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same +# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and +# others moving their clocks ahead.) +# +# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time. +# +# The first few lines of the Google translation of +# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39"> +# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39 +# </a> +# (retrieved 2009-10-13) +# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least +# > 500 million yuan +# > +# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20), +# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River +# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men +# > have worked continuously for 22 hours... + +# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): +# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common +# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): +# +# 1. Wulumuqi... +# 2. Kashi... +# 3. Urumqi... +# 4. Kashgar... +# ... +# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the +# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding +# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. +# +# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any +# start date for Xinjiang time. +# +# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally +# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur +# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also +# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) + +Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar + 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time + 5:00 - KAST 1980 May + 8:00 PRC C%sT + + +# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): +# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong +# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, +# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, +# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing +# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I +# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be +# obtained from +# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> +# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm +# </a>. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): +# Here are the dates given at +# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm"> +# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm +# </a> +# as of 2009-10-28: +# Year Period +# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep +# 1942 Whole year +# 1943 Whole year +# 1944 Whole year +# 1945 Whole year +# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec +# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec +# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct +# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct +# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct +# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct +# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct +# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov +# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct +# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov +# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov +# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov +# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov +# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov +# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov +# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov +# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov +# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov +# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov +# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct +# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct +# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct +# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct +# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct +# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct +# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct +# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct +# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct +# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 +# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct +# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct +# 1977 Nil +# 1978 Nil +# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct +# 1980 to Now Nil +# The page does not give start or end times of day. +# The page does not give a start date for 1942. +# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. +# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. +# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. +# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. + +# Hong Kong (Xianggang) +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - +Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S +Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 + 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 + 8:00 HK HK%sT + +############################################################################### + +# Taiwan + +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it +# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't +# have any other information. + +# From smallufo (2010-04-03): +# According to Taiwan's CWB, +# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm"> +# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm +# </a> +# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07): +# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page: +# Decade Name Start and end date +# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30 +# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31 +# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31 +# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 +# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30 +# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30 +# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time +# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30 +# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time +# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30 +# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei + 8:00 Taiwan C%sT + +# Macau (Macao, Aomen) +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - +Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - +Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - +Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - +Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 + 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China + 8:00 PRC C%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# Cyprus +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 + 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep + 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT +# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. + +# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. +# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. +Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia + +# Georgia +# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): +# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward +# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, +# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! +# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. +# +# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): +# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia +# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, +# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. +# +# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): +# +# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet +# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it +# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours +# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, +# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process +# of integration into Europe. + +# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): +# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on +# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. +# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT +# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document +# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, +# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... +# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our +# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. + + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 + 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time + 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time + 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence + 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time + 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun + 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun + 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun + 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 + 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 + 4:00 - GET + +# East Timor + +# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. + +# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in +# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> +# East Timor may be late for its millennium +# </a> (1999-12-26/31): +# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun +# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the +# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it +# conflicts with their way of life. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# We don't have any record of the above attempt. +# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. + +# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> +# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General +# (2000-08-16)</a>: +# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided +# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, +# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at +# midnight on Saturday, September 16. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 + 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 + 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 + 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 + 9:00 - TLT + +# India +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata + 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? + 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 + 5:30 - IST +# The following are like Asia/Kolkata: +# Andaman Is +# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) +# Nicobar Is + +# Indonesia +# +# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: +# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime> +# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some +# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat +# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): +# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. +# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in +# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and +# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus +# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. +# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. +# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions +# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched +# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura +# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura +# switched on 1945-09-23. +# +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 +# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, +# but this must be a typo. + 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta + 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time + 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 + 7:30 - WIT 1948 May + 8:00 - WIT 1950 May + 7:30 - WIT 1964 + 7:00 - WIT +Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May + 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT + 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 + 7:30 - WIT 1948 May + 8:00 - WIT 1950 May + 7:30 - WIT 1964 + 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 + 7:00 - WIT +Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 + 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT + 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 + 8:00 - CIT +Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov + 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1 + 9:30 - CST 1964 + 9:00 - EIT + +# Iran + +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): +# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). +# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: +# +# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] +# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] +# +# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country +# +# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], +# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] +# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, +# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers +# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and +# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: +# +# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour +# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return +# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of +# Shahrivar. +# +# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi +# +# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed +# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the +# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last +# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... +# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct +# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. +# +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): +# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions +# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic +# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious +# plan to change that law.... +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. +# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, +# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. +# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar +# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future +# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: +# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for +# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local +# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be +# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: +# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give +# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant +# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between +# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: +# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of +# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date +# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): +# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: +# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm +# +# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen: +# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce +# daylight saving time ... +# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 +# +# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): +# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of +# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 +# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... +# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour +# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will +# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the +# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 + 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time + 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov + 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 + 3:30 Iran IR%sT + + +# Iraq +# +# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): +# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in +# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: +# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and +# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." +# +# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: +# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi +# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred +# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone +# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. +# +# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): +# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following +# news sources (in Arabic): +# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html"> +# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html +# </a> +# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10"> +# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 +# </a> +# +# We have published a short article in English about the change: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html +# </a> + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S +Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D +# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. +# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. +# +Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D +Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 + 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? + 3:00 - AST 1982 May + 3:00 Iraq A%sT + + +############################################################################### + +# Israel + +# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): +# +# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three +# different abbreviations in use: +# +# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] +# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] +# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] +# +# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, +# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, +# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with +# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go +# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone +# settings in Israeli computers. +# +# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, +# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's +# family is from India). + +# From Shanks & Pottenger: +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD +Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S + +# From Ephraim Silverberg +# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, +# and 2005-02-17): + +# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of +# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. +# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 +# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to +# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to +# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a +# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard +# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard +# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid +# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to +# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from +# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time +# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for +# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was +# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it +# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all +# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no +# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date +# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve +# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date +# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] +# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S + +# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the +# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by +# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S + +# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the +# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 +# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz +# +# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. +# +# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz +# +# where YYYY is the relevant year. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S + +# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for +# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the +# years 2001-2004 as well. +# +# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz +# +# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates +# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S + +# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on +# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the +# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April +# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday +# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. +# +# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: +# +# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps + +# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): +# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program +# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) +# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, +# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. +# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) +# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: +# +# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D +# +# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support +# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the +# springtime transitions explicitly. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S + +# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-10-18): +# Yesterday, the Interior Ministry Committee, after more than a year +# past, approved sending the proposed June 2011 changes to the Time +# Decree Law back to the Knesset for second and third (final) votes +# before the upcoming elections on Jan. 22, 2013. Hence, although the +# changes are not yet law, they are expected to be so before February 2013. +# +# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday in March. +# DST ends at 02:00 on the first Sunday after October 1, unless it occurs on the +# second day of the Jewish Rosh Hashana holiday, in which case DST ends a day +# later (i.e. at 02:00 the first Monday after October 2). +# [Rosh Hashana holidays are factored in until 2100.] + +# From Ephraim Silverberg (2012-11-05): +# The Knesset passed today (in second and final readings) the amendment to the +# Time Decree Law making the changes ... law. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Zion 2013 2026 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S +Rule Zion 2028 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S +# The following rules are commented out for now, as they break older +# versions of zic that support only signed 32-bit timestamps, i.e., +# through 2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC. +#Rule Zion 2028 2053 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 2054 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 2055 2080 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 2081 only - Oct Mon>=3 2:00 0 S +#Rule Zion 2082 max - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 + 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? + 2:00 Zion I%sT + + + +############################################################################### + +# Japan + +# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris. + +# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): +# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had +# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued +# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.'' + +# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times +# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>: +# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on +# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of +# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated +# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to +# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San +# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% +# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who +# wanted to keep it.) + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S +Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since +# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume +# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what +# would have been the point of the 1951 poll? + +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): +# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical +# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0. +# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' +# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... +# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). +# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. + +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): +# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, +# which stands for the time on E 135 degree. +# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central +# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard +# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard +# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. +# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is +# standard.... +# +# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. +# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. + +# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few +# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all +# ordinances took effect on Jan 1. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u + 9:00 - JST 1896 + 9:00 - CJT 1938 + 9:00 Japan J%sT +# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. + +# Jordan +# +# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html"> +# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): +# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, +# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time +# all year round. +# +# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html"> +# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): +# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back +# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! +# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in +# government's departments from six to seven hours. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): +# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): +# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year +# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: +# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm +# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". +# + +# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02): +# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for +# Jordan. +# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight +# saving +# time on the last Thursday in March. +# +# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S +# +# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan +# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002. +# Please see +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11 +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): +# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): +# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279"> +# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 +# </a> +# +# Google's translation: +# +# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely +# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday +# > of the month of March of each year. +# +# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): +# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): +# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not +# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST +# until about the same time next year (at least). +# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 +# +# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-25): +# For now, assume this is just a one-year measure. If it becomes +# permanent, we should move Jordan from EET to AST effective tomorrow. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S +Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - +Rule Jordan 2013 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 + 2:00 Jordan EE%sT + + +# Kazakhstan + +# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): +# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan +# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) +# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. +# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time +# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses +# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. +# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. +# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: +# +# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. +# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. +# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. + +# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm"> +# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21): +# </a> +# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing +# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health +# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. +# +# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): +# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone +# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has +# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone +# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the +# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, +# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses +# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones +# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. + +# +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# +# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan +Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata + 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time + 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 + 6:00 - ALMT 1992 + 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 + 6:00 - ALMT +# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) +Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time + 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 + 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence + 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 + 6:00 - QYZT +# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk) +Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time + 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 + 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence + 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time + 5:00 - AQTT +# Mangghystau +# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, +# so include time stamps before 1963. +Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T + 5:00 - FORT 1963 + 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time + 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 + 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence + 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time + 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 + 5:00 - AQTT +# West Kazakhstan +Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk + 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time + 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 + 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 + 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence + 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time + 5:00 - ORAT + +# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) +# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): +# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway +# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml> +# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article +# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. +# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): +# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. +# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S +Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time + 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence + 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time + 6:00 - KGT + +############################################################################### + +# Korea (North and South) + +# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in +# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>: +# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already +# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said +# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight +# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. + +# From Shanks & Pottenger: +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S +Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D +Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 + 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec + 9:00 - KST 1928 + 8:30 - KST 1932 + 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 + 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 + 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct + 9:00 ROK K%sT +Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 + 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec + 9:00 - KST 1928 + 8:30 - KST 1932 + 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 + 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 + 9:00 - KST + +############################################################################### + +# Kuwait +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14): +# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded +# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in +# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba. +# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>. +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): +# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen, +# so for now we assume no DST. +Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - AST + +# Laos +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan + 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? + 7:00 - ICT 1912 May + 8:00 - ICT 1931 May + 7:00 - ICT + +# Lebanon +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 + 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT + +# Malaysia +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - +# +# peninsular Malaysia +# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) +# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. + 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time + 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 + 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 + 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 + 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 + 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time +# Sabah & Sarawak +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982 +# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar + 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time + 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 + 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 + 8:00 - MYT + +# Maldives +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male + 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time + 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time + +# Mongolia + +# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but +# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03) +# both say that it has just one. + +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): +# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> +# General Information Mongolia +# </a> (1999-09) +# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of +# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and +# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus +# eight hours." + +# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): +# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 +# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am +# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time +# of implementation may have been different.... +# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time +# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, +# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): +# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. +# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; +# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, +# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd +# is good enough for our purposes. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): +# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier +# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), +# there are three time zones. +# +# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai +# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov, +# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi +# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar +# +# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] + +# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): +# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. +# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of +# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): +# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs +# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): +# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. +# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says +# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft +# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that +# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. +# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in +# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. +# He also found +# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&> +# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" +# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. +# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT +# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. +# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the +# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." +# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. + +# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): +# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. +# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... +# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 + +# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): +# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for +# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT +# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz +# database on this, e.g.: +# +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 +# </a> +# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx"> +# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx +# </a> +# +# both say GMT+08:00. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): +# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight +# schedule here: +# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"> +# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 +# </a> +# (click the English flag for English) +# +# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive +# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the +# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern +# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are +# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and +# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): +# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. +# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition +# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); +# this is almost surely wrong. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, +# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM +# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches +# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place +# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of +# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their +# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly +# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. + +Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. +Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - +Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta +Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug + 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time + 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT +# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga +Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time + 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT +# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, +# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan +Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - ULAT 1978 + 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr + 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time + 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT + +# Nepal +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 + 5:30 - IST 1986 + 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time + +# Oman +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - GST + +# Pakistan + +# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): +# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a +# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 +# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was +# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the +# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. + +# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): +# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: +# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm +# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to +# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first +# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on +# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, +# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like +# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday +# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the +# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): +# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 +# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): +# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm +# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: +# +# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh +# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous +# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by +# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. +# +# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather +# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. + +# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): +# +# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time +# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. +# +# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help +# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and +# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. +# ...." +# +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html +# </a> +# OR +# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4"> +# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 +# </a> + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): +# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): +# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced +# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 +# instead of August 31. +# +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html +# </a> +# OR +# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html"> +# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): +# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to +# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance +# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in +# official working." +# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280"> +# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 +# </a> +# +# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to +# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 +# +# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan +# April 08, 2009 +# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 +# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1"> +# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 +# </a> +# +# or +# +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html +# </a> +# +# .... +# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to +# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to +# conserve energy" + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): +# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal +# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the +# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to +# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in +# this regard." +# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168"> +# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): +# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that +# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October +# 1, 2009. +# +# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" +# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2"> +# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): +# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote: +# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that +# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October +# > 1, 2009. +# +# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: +# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742"> +# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 +# </a> +# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. +# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on +# Monday." +# +# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: +# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour +# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without +# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." +# +# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of +# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html +# </a> + +# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01): +# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan +# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): +# Steffen Thorsen wrote: +# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in +# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. +# > +# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the +# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time +# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but +# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. +# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: +# +# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" +# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041"> +# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 +# </a> +# +# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" +# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2"> +# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 +# </a> + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - +Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 + 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 + 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 + 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time + 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time + +# Palestine + +# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): +# +# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now +# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. +# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... +# +# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 +# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no +# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, +# though. +# +# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally +# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from +# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the +# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major +# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and +# East Jerusalem. +# +# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except +# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might +# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware +# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer +# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). +# +# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most +# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to +# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to +# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't +# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the +# Jordanian one). +# +# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: +# +# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- +# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- +# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion +# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan +# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan +# +# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they +# have one). + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go +# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, +# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. +# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since +# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about +# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. +# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries +# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules +# to Palestine's rules. + +# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, +# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: +# +# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time +# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks +# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, +# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): +# Daoud Kuttab writes in +# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html"> +# Holiday havoc +# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that +# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. +# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). +# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, +# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): +# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): +# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of +# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think +# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks +# earlier--the same goes for Jordan. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): +# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the +# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I +# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not +# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if +# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as +# the West Bank. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): +# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): +# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 +# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule +# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn +# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. +# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, +# because of the Ramadan. + +# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18): +# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the +# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. + +# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): +# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when +# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit +# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. +# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be +# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): +# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. +# +# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while +# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). +# +# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001"> +# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 +# </a> +# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087"> +# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): +# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian +# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March +# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. +# +# (in Arabic) +# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850"> +# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 +# </a> +# +# or +# (English translation) +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): +# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to +# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. +# +# One news source: +# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158"> +# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 +# </a> +# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), +# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah +# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of +# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty +# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." +# +# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different +# end date, we will keep this page updated: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): +# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. +# +# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan +# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. +# +# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" +# (from Palestinian National Authority): +# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 +# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): +# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March +# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri +# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) +# +# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697"> +# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 +# </a> +# (in Arabic) +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): +# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will +# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or +# noon though: +# +# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178"> +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 +# </a> +# (Ma'an News Agency) +# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to +# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): +# According to several sources, including +# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795"> +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 +# </a> +# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in +# Gaza and the West Bank. +# Some more background info: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): +# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of +# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 +# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of +# Ramadan. +# +# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217"> +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 +# </a> +# Additional info: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html +# </a> + +# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): +# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: +# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to +# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the +# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. +# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after +# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." +# ... +# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650"> +# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 +# </a> +# or +# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html"> +# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html +# </a> +# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): +# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 +# 00:00). +# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. +# +# Many sources, including: +# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808"> +# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): +# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST +# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). +# Some of many sources in Arabic: +# <a href="http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638"> +# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 +# </a> +# +# <a href="http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html"> +# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html +# </a> +# +# Our brief summary: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html +# </a> + +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): +# The timeanddate article for 2012 says that "the end date has not yet been +# announced" and that "Last year, both...paused daylight saving time during... +# Ramadan. It is not yet known [for] 2012." +# For now, assume both switch back on the last Friday in September. XXX + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S +Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S +Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - +Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - + +Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S +Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - + +# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20): +# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20. +# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-12): +# 2012 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2012-10-12. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 + 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 + 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 + 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1 + 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00 + 2:00 - EET + +Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct + 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 + 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 + 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 + 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep + 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1 + 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00 + 2:00 - EET 2012 Mar 30 + 2:00 1:00 EEST 2012 Sep 21 1:00 + 2:00 - EET + +# Paracel Is +# no information + +# Philippines +# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the +# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to +# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a +# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>. +# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): +# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of +# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the +# rainy season begins. See +# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>. +# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details. +# +# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26): +# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: +# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ +# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, +# but no details] + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 + 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May + 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov + 8:00 Phil PH%sT + +# Qatar +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha + 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun + 3:00 - AST + +# Saudi Arabia +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - AST + +# Singapore +# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) +# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. + 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time + 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 + 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 + 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 + 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence + 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time + 8:00 - SGT + +# Spratly Is +# no information + +# Sri Lanka +# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): +# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" +# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, +# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) +# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at +# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' +# +# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted +# by Shamindra in +# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> +# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) +# </a>: +# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 +# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. + +# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online +# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): +# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) +# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). + +# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: +# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML> +# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply +# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean +# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. +# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): +# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], +# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. + +# From K Sethu (2006-04-25): +# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at +# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government +# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization +# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. +# +# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments +# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka +# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. +# +# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News +# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they +# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news +# item.... +# +# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and +# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the +# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well +# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are +# slt.lk and sltnet.lk). +# +# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation +# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for +# all computers. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): +# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down +# and then see what people actually say in practice. + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 + 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time + 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 + 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep + 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 + 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 + 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 + 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 + 5:30 - IST + +# Syria +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - +# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; +# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, +# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; +# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; +# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, +# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). +Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): +# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] +# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. +Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): +# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." +# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php +Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27): +# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will +# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or +# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than +# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the +# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now +# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... +# +# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): +# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote: +# +# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 +# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." +# +# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): +# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 +# +# which using Google's translate tools says: +# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on +# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th +# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. +Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - + +# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): +# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for +# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA +# are now using: +# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST +# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date +# Variation +# Syrian Arab +# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 +# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 +# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): +# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News +# Agency (SANA)... +# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm"> +# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm +# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the +# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April +# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." +# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times +# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): +# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; +# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone +# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). +# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): +# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, +# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). +# +# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to +# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting +# clocks back 60 minutes). +# +# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm"> +# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): +# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, +# two examples: +# +# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm"> +# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm +# </a> +# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) +# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209"> +# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 +# </a> +# (Arabic, gov-site) +# +# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. +# +# Our summary +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): +# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will +# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday +# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: +# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm"> +# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) +# </a> + +# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): +# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last +# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or +# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): +# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of +# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday +# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): +# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421"> +# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) +# </a> + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): +# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday +# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. +# +# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: +# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm"> +# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm +# </a> +# +# Our brief summary: +# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html"> +# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html +# </a> + +# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): +# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. + +Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - + +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq + 2:00 Syria EE%sT + +# Tajikistan +# From Shanks & Pottenger. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time + 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s + 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time + +# Thailand +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 + 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time + 7:00 - ICT + +# Turkmenistan +# From Shanks & Pottenger. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad + 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time + 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence + 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 + 5:00 - TMT + +# United Arab Emirates +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - GST + +# Uzbekistan +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time + 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time + 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence + 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 + 5:00 - UZT +Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time + 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 + 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence + 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 + 5:00 - UZT + +# Vietnam + +# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): +# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; +# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. + +# From Shanks & Pottenger: +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 + 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? + 7:00 - ICT 1912 May + 8:00 - ICT 1931 May + 7:00 - ICT + +# Yemen +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 + 3:00 - AST |