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+HOWTO: Get An Avermedia DVB-T working under Linux
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+February 14th 2006
+
+.. note::
+
+   This documentation is outdated. Please check at the DVB wiki
+   at https://linuxtv.org/wiki for more updated info.
+
+   There's a section there specific for Avermedia boards at:
+   https://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/AVerMedia
+
+
+Assumptions and Introduction
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+It  is assumed that the reader understands the basic structure
+of  the Linux Kernel DVB drivers and the general principles of
+Digital TV.
+
+One  significant difference between Digital TV and Analogue TV
+that  the  unwary  (like  myself)  should  consider  is  that,
+although  the  component  structure  of budget DVB-T cards are
+substantially  similar  to Analogue TV cards, they function in
+substantially different ways.
+
+The  purpose  of  an  Analogue TV is to receive and display an
+Analogue  Television  signal. An Analogue TV signal (otherwise
+known  as  composite  video)  is  an  analogue  encoding  of a
+sequence  of  image frames (25 per second) rasterised using an
+interlacing   technique.   Interlacing  takes  two  fields  to
+represent  one  frame.  Computers today are at their best when
+dealing  with  digital  signals,  not  analogue  signals and a
+composite  video signal is about as far removed from a digital
+data stream as you can get. Therefore, an Analogue TV card for
+a PC has the following purpose:
+
+* Tune the receiver to receive a broadcast signal
+* demodulate the broadcast signal
+* demultiplex  the  analogue video signal and analogue audio
+  signal. **NOTE:** some countries employ a digital audio signal
+  embedded  within the modulated composite analogue signal -
+  NICAM.)
+* digitize  the analogue video signal and make the resulting
+  datastream available to the data bus.
+
+The  digital  datastream from an Analogue TV card is generated
+by  circuitry on the card and is often presented uncompressed.
+For  a PAL TV signal encoded at a resolution of 768x576 24-bit
+color pixels over 25 frames per second - a fair amount of data
+is  generated and must be processed by the PC before it can be
+displayed  on the video monitor screen. Some Analogue TV cards
+for  PCs  have  onboard  MPEG2  encoders  which permit the raw
+digital  data  stream  to be presented to the PC in an encoded
+and  compressed  form  -  similar  to the form that is used in
+Digital TV.
+
+The  purpose of a simple budget digital TV card (DVB-T,C or S)
+is to simply:
+
+* Tune the received to receive a broadcast signal.
+* Extract  the encoded digital datastream from the broadcast
+  signal.
+* Make  the  encoded digital datastream (MPEG2) available to
+  the data bus.
+
+The  significant  difference between the two is that the tuner
+on  the analogue TV card spits out an Analogue signal, whereas
+the  tuner  on  the  digital  TV  card  spits out a compressed
+encoded   digital   datastream.   As  the  signal  is  already
+digitised,  it  is  trivial  to pass this datastream to the PC
+databus  with  minimal  additional processing and then extract
+the  digital  video  and audio datastreams passing them to the
+appropriate software or hardware for decoding and viewing.
+
+The Avermedia DVB-T
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The Avermedia DVB-T is a budget PCI DVB card. It has 3 inputs:
+
+* RF Tuner Input
+* Composite Video Input (RCA Jack)
+* SVIDEO Input (Mini-DIN)
+
+The  RF  Tuner  Input  is the input to the tuner module of the
+card.  The  Tuner  is  otherwise known as the "Frontend" . The
+Frontend of the Avermedia DVB-T is a Microtune 7202D. A timely
+post  to  the  linux-dvb  mailing  list  ascertained  that the
+Microtune  7202D  is  supported  by the sp887x driver which is
+found in the dvb-hw CVS module.
+
+The  DVB-T card is based around the BT878 chip which is a very
+common multimedia bridge and often found on Analogue TV cards.
+There is no on-board MPEG2 decoder, which means that all MPEG2
+decoding  must  be done in software, or if you have one, on an
+MPEG2 hardware decoding card or chipset.
+
+
+Getting the card going
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+In order to fire up the card, it is necessary to load a number
+of modules from the DVB driver set. Prior to this it will have
+been  necessary to download these drivers from the linuxtv CVS
+server and compile them successfully.
+
+Depending on the card's feature set, the Device Driver API for
+DVB under Linux will expose some of the following device files
+in the /dev tree:
+
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0
+
+The  primary  device  nodes that we are interested in (at this
+stage) for the Avermedia DVB-T are:
+
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0
+* /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0
+
+The dvr0 device node is used to read the MPEG2 Data Stream and
+the frontend0 node is used to tune the frontend tuner module.
+
+At  this  stage,  it  has  not  been  able  to  ascertain  the
+functionality  of the remaining device nodes in respect of the
+Avermedia  DVBT.  However,  full  functionality  in respect of
+tuning,  receiving  and  supplying  the  MPEG2  data stream is
+possible  with the currently available versions of the driver.
+It  may be possible that additional functionality is available
+from  the  card  (i.e.  viewing the additional analogue inputs
+that  the card presents), but this has not been tested yet. If
+I get around to this, I'll update the document with whatever I
+find.
+
+To  power  up  the  card,  load  the  following modules in the
+following order:
+
+* modprobe bttv (normally loaded automatically)
+* modprobe dvb-bt8xx (or place dvb-bt8xx in /etc/modules)
+
+Insertion  of  these  modules  into  the  running  kernel will
+activate the appropriate DVB device nodes. It is then possible
+to start accessing the card with utilities such as scan, tzap,
+dvbstream etc.
+
+The frontend module sp887x.o, requires an external   firmware.
+/*(DEBLOBBED)*/
+
+Receiving DVB-T in Australia
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+I  have  no  experience of DVB-T in other countries other than
+Australia,  so  I will attempt to explain how it works here in
+Melbourne  and how this affects the configuration of the DVB-T
+card.
+
+The  Digital  Broadcasting  Australia  website has a Reception
+locatortool which provides information on transponder channels
+and  frequencies.  My  local  transmitter  happens to be Mount
+Dandenong.
+
+The frequencies broadcast by Mount Dandenong are:
+
+Table 1. Transponder Frequencies Mount Dandenong, Vic, Aus.
+Broadcaster Channel Frequency
+ABC         VHF 12  226.5 MHz
+TEN         VHF 11  219.5 MHz
+NINE        VHF 8   191.625 MHz
+SEVEN       VHF 6   177.5 MHz
+SBS         UHF 29  536.5 MHz
+
+The Scan utility has a set of compiled-in defaults for various
+countries and regions, but if they do not suit, or if you have
+a pre-compiled scan binary, you can specify a data file on the
+command  line which contains the transponder frequencies. Here
+is a sample file for the above channel transponders:
+
+::
+
+	# Data file for DVB scan program
+	#
+	# C Frequency SymbolRate FEC QAM
+	# S Frequency Polarisation SymbolRate FEC
+	# T Frequency Bandwidth FEC FEC2 QAM Mode Guard Hier
+	T 226500000 7MHz 2/3 NONE QAM64 8k 1/8 NONE
+	T 191625000 7MHz 2/3 NONE QAM64 8k 1/8 NONE
+	T 219500000 7MHz 2/3 NONE QAM64 8k 1/8 NONE
+	T 177500000 7MHz 2/3 NONE QAM64 8k 1/8 NONE
+	T 536500000 7MHz 2/3 NONE QAM64 8k 1/8 NONE
+
+The   defaults   for   the  transponder  frequency  and  other
+modulation parameters were obtained from www.dba.org.au.
+
+When  Scan  runs, it will output channels.conf information for
+any  channel's transponders which the card's frontend can lock
+onto.  (i.e.  any  whose  signal  is  strong  enough  at  your
+antenna).
+
+Here's my channels.conf file for anyone who's interested:
+
+::
+
+	ABC HDTV:226500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_3_4:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:2307:0:560
+	ABC TV Melbourne:226500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_3_4:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:561
+	ABC TV 2:226500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_3_4:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:562
+	ABC TV 3:226500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_3_4:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:563
+	ABC TV 4:226500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_3_4:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:564
+	ABC DiG Radio:226500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_3_4:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:0:2311:566
+	TEN Digital:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1585
+	TEN Digital 1:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1586
+	TEN Digital 2:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1587
+	TEN Digital 3:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1588
+	TEN Digital:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1589
+	TEN Digital 4:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1590
+	TEN Digital:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1591
+	TEN HD:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:514:0:1592
+	TEN Digital:219500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:650:1593
+	Nine Digital:191625000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:513:660:1072
+	Nine Digital HD:191625000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:512:0:1073
+	Nine Guide:191625000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_3_4:FEC_1_2:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_16:HIERARCHY_NONE:514:670:1074
+	7 Digital:177500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:769:770:1328
+	7 Digital 1:177500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:769:770:1329
+	7 Digital 2:177500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:769:770:1330
+	7 Digital 3:177500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:769:770:1331
+	7 HD Digital:177500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:833:834:1332
+	7 Program Guide:177500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:865:866:1334
+	SBS HD:536500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:102:103:784
+	SBS DIGITAL 1:536500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:161:81:785
+	SBS DIGITAL 2:536500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:162:83:786
+	SBS EPG:536500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:163:85:787
+	SBS RADIO 1:536500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:0:201:798
+	SBS RADIO 2:536500000:INVERSION_OFF:BANDWIDTH_7_MHZ:FEC_2_3:FEC_2_3:QAM_64:TRANSMISSION_MODE_8K:GUARD_INTERVAL_1_8:HIERARCHY_NONE:0:202:799
+
+Known Limitations
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+At  present  I can say with confidence that the frontend tunes
+via /dev/dvb/adapter{x}/frontend0 and supplies an MPEG2 stream
+via   /dev/dvb/adapter{x}/dvr0.   I   have   not   tested  the
+functionality  of any other part of the card yet. I will do so
+over time and update this document.
+
+There  are some limitations in the i2c layer due to a returned
+error message inconsistency. Although this generates errors in
+dmesg  and  the  system logs, it does not appear to affect the
+ability of the frontend to function correctly.
+
+Further Update
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+dvbstream  and  VideoLAN  Client on windows works a treat with
+DVB,  in  fact  this  is  currently  serving as my main way of
+viewing  DVB-T  at  the  moment.  Additionally, VLC is happily
+decoding  HDTV  signals,  although  the PC is dropping the odd
+frame here and there - I assume due to processing capability -
+as all the decoding is being done under windows in software.
+
+Many  thanks to Nigel Pearson for the updates to this document
+since the recent revision of the driver.