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+ ===============================
+ FS-CACHE NETWORK FILESYSTEM API
+ ===============================
+
+There's an API by which a network filesystem can make use of the FS-Cache
+facilities. This is based around a number of principles:
+
+ (1) Caches can store a number of different object types. There are two main
+ object types: indices and files. The first is a special type used by
+ FS-Cache to make finding objects faster and to make retiring of groups of
+ objects easier.
+
+ (2) Every index, file or other object is represented by a cookie. This cookie
+ may or may not have anything associated with it, but the netfs doesn't
+ need to care.
+
+ (3) Barring the top-level index (one entry per cached netfs), the index
+ hierarchy for each netfs is structured according the whim of the netfs.
+
+This API is declared in <linux/fscache.h>.
+
+This document contains the following sections:
+
+ (1) Network filesystem definition
+ (2) Index definition
+ (3) Object definition
+ (4) Network filesystem (un)registration
+ (5) Cache tag lookup
+ (6) Index registration
+ (7) Data file registration
+ (8) Miscellaneous object registration
+ (9) Setting the data file size
+ (10) Page alloc/read/write
+ (11) Page uncaching
+ (12) Index and data file consistency
+ (13) Cookie enablement
+ (14) Miscellaneous cookie operations
+ (15) Cookie unregistration
+ (16) Index invalidation
+ (17) Data file invalidation
+ (18) FS-Cache specific page flags.
+
+
+=============================
+NETWORK FILESYSTEM DEFINITION
+=============================
+
+FS-Cache needs a description of the network filesystem. This is specified
+using a record of the following structure:
+
+ struct fscache_netfs {
+ uint32_t version;
+ const char *name;
+ struct fscache_cookie *primary_index;
+ ...
+ };
+
+This first two fields should be filled in before registration, and the third
+will be filled in by the registration function; any other fields should just be
+ignored and are for internal use only.
+
+The fields are:
+
+ (1) The name of the netfs (used as the key in the toplevel index).
+
+ (2) The version of the netfs (if the name matches but the version doesn't, the
+ entire in-cache hierarchy for this netfs will be scrapped and begun
+ afresh).
+
+ (3) The cookie representing the primary index will be allocated according to
+ another parameter passed into the registration function.
+
+For example, kAFS (linux/fs/afs/) uses the following definitions to describe
+itself:
+
+ struct fscache_netfs afs_cache_netfs = {
+ .version = 0,
+ .name = "afs",
+ };
+
+
+================
+INDEX DEFINITION
+================
+
+Indices are used for two purposes:
+
+ (1) To aid the finding of a file based on a series of keys (such as AFS's
+ "cell", "volume ID", "vnode ID").
+
+ (2) To make it easier to discard a subset of all the files cached based around
+ a particular key - for instance to mirror the removal of an AFS volume.
+
+However, since it's unlikely that any two netfs's are going to want to define
+their index hierarchies in quite the same way, FS-Cache tries to impose as few
+restraints as possible on how an index is structured and where it is placed in
+the tree. The netfs can even mix indices and data files at the same level, but
+it's not recommended.
+
+Each index entry consists of a key of indeterminate length plus some auxiliary
+data, also of indeterminate length.
+
+There are some limits on indices:
+
+ (1) Any index containing non-index objects should be restricted to a single
+ cache. Any such objects created within an index will be created in the
+ first cache only. The cache in which an index is created can be
+ controlled by cache tags (see below).
+
+ (2) The entry data must be atomically journallable, so it is limited to about
+ 400 bytes at present. At least 400 bytes will be available.
+
+ (3) The depth of the index tree should be judged with care as the search
+ function is recursive. Too many layers will run the kernel out of stack.
+
+
+=================
+OBJECT DEFINITION
+=================
+
+To define an object, a structure of the following type should be filled out:
+
+ struct fscache_cookie_def
+ {
+ uint8_t name[16];
+ uint8_t type;
+
+ struct fscache_cache_tag *(*select_cache)(
+ const void *parent_netfs_data,
+ const void *cookie_netfs_data);
+
+ uint16_t (*get_key)(const void *cookie_netfs_data,
+ void *buffer,
+ uint16_t bufmax);
+
+ void (*get_attr)(const void *cookie_netfs_data,
+ uint64_t *size);
+
+ uint16_t (*get_aux)(const void *cookie_netfs_data,
+ void *buffer,
+ uint16_t bufmax);
+
+ enum fscache_checkaux (*check_aux)(void *cookie_netfs_data,
+ const void *data,
+ uint16_t datalen);
+
+ void (*get_context)(void *cookie_netfs_data, void *context);
+
+ void (*put_context)(void *cookie_netfs_data, void *context);
+
+ void (*mark_pages_cached)(void *cookie_netfs_data,
+ struct address_space *mapping,
+ struct pagevec *cached_pvec);
+
+ void (*now_uncached)(void *cookie_netfs_data);
+ };
+
+This has the following fields:
+
+ (1) The type of the object [mandatory].
+
+ This is one of the following values:
+
+ (*) FSCACHE_COOKIE_TYPE_INDEX
+
+ This defines an index, which is a special FS-Cache type.
+
+ (*) FSCACHE_COOKIE_TYPE_DATAFILE
+
+ This defines an ordinary data file.
+
+ (*) Any other value between 2 and 255
+
+ This defines an extraordinary object such as an XATTR.
+
+ (2) The name of the object type (NUL terminated unless all 16 chars are used)
+ [optional].
+
+ (3) A function to select the cache in which to store an index [optional].
+
+ This function is invoked when an index needs to be instantiated in a cache
+ during the instantiation of a non-index object. Only the immediate index
+ parent for the non-index object will be queried. Any indices above that
+ in the hierarchy may be stored in multiple caches. This function does not
+ need to be supplied for any non-index object or any index that will only
+ have index children.
+
+ If this function is not supplied or if it returns NULL then the first
+ cache in the parent's list will be chosen, or failing that, the first
+ cache in the master list.
+
+ (4) A function to retrieve an object's key from the netfs [mandatory].
+
+ This function will be called with the netfs data that was passed to the
+ cookie acquisition function and the maximum length of key data that it may
+ provide. It should write the required key data into the given buffer and
+ return the quantity it wrote.
+
+ (5) A function to retrieve attribute data from the netfs [optional].
+
+ This function will be called with the netfs data that was passed to the
+ cookie acquisition function. It should return the size of the file if
+ this is a data file. The size may be used to govern how much cache must
+ be reserved for this file in the cache.
+
+ If the function is absent, a file size of 0 is assumed.
+
+ (6) A function to retrieve auxiliary data from the netfs [optional].
+
+ This function will be called with the netfs data that was passed to the
+ cookie acquisition function and the maximum length of auxiliary data that
+ it may provide. It should write the auxiliary data into the given buffer
+ and return the quantity it wrote.
+
+ If this function is absent, the auxiliary data length will be set to 0.
+
+ The length of the auxiliary data buffer may be dependent on the key
+ length. A netfs mustn't rely on being able to provide more than 400 bytes
+ for both.
+
+ (7) A function to check the auxiliary data [optional].
+
+ This function will be called to check that a match found in the cache for
+ this object is valid. For instance with AFS it could check the auxiliary
+ data against the data version number returned by the server to determine
+ whether the index entry in a cache is still valid.
+
+ If this function is absent, it will be assumed that matching objects in a
+ cache are always valid.
+
+ If present, the function should return one of the following values:
+
+ (*) FSCACHE_CHECKAUX_OKAY - the entry is okay as is
+ (*) FSCACHE_CHECKAUX_NEEDS_UPDATE - the entry requires update
+ (*) FSCACHE_CHECKAUX_OBSOLETE - the entry should be deleted
+
+ This function can also be used to extract data from the auxiliary data in
+ the cache and copy it into the netfs's structures.
+
+ (8) A pair of functions to manage contexts for the completion callback
+ [optional].
+
+ The cache read/write functions are passed a context which is then passed
+ to the I/O completion callback function. To ensure this context remains
+ valid until after the I/O completion is called, two functions may be
+ provided: one to get an extra reference on the context, and one to drop a
+ reference to it.
+
+ If the context is not used or is a type of object that won't go out of
+ scope, then these functions are not required. These functions are not
+ required for indices as indices may not contain data. These functions may
+ be called in interrupt context and so may not sleep.
+
+ (9) A function to mark a page as retaining cache metadata [optional].
+
+ This is called by the cache to indicate that it is retaining in-memory
+ information for this page and that the netfs should uncache the page when
+ it has finished. This does not indicate whether there's data on the disk
+ or not. Note that several pages at once may be presented for marking.
+
+ The PG_fscache bit is set on the pages before this function would be
+ called, so the function need not be provided if this is sufficient.
+
+ This function is not required for indices as they're not permitted data.
+
+(10) A function to unmark all the pages retaining cache metadata [mandatory].
+
+ This is called by FS-Cache to indicate that a backing store is being
+ unbound from a cookie and that all the marks on the pages should be
+ cleared to prevent confusion. Note that the cache will have torn down all
+ its tracking information so that the pages don't need to be explicitly
+ uncached.
+
+ This function is not required for indices as they're not permitted data.
+
+
+===================================
+NETWORK FILESYSTEM (UN)REGISTRATION
+===================================
+
+The first step is to declare the network filesystem to the cache. This also
+involves specifying the layout of the primary index (for AFS, this would be the
+"cell" level).
+
+The registration function is:
+
+ int fscache_register_netfs(struct fscache_netfs *netfs);
+
+It just takes a pointer to the netfs definition. It returns 0 or an error as
+appropriate.
+
+For kAFS, registration is done as follows:
+
+ ret = fscache_register_netfs(&afs_cache_netfs);
+
+The last step is, of course, unregistration:
+
+ void fscache_unregister_netfs(struct fscache_netfs *netfs);
+
+
+================
+CACHE TAG LOOKUP
+================
+
+FS-Cache permits the use of more than one cache. To permit particular index
+subtrees to be bound to particular caches, the second step is to look up cache
+representation tags. This step is optional; it can be left entirely up to
+FS-Cache as to which cache should be used. The problem with doing that is that
+FS-Cache will always pick the first cache that was registered.
+
+To get the representation for a named tag:
+
+ struct fscache_cache_tag *fscache_lookup_cache_tag(const char *name);
+
+This takes a text string as the name and returns a representation of a tag. It
+will never return an error. It may return a dummy tag, however, if it runs out
+of memory; this will inhibit caching with this tag.
+
+Any representation so obtained must be released by passing it to this function:
+
+ void fscache_release_cache_tag(struct fscache_cache_tag *tag);
+
+The tag will be retrieved by FS-Cache when it calls the object definition
+operation select_cache().
+
+
+==================
+INDEX REGISTRATION
+==================
+
+The third step is to inform FS-Cache about part of an index hierarchy that can
+be used to locate files. This is done by requesting a cookie for each index in
+the path to the file:
+
+ struct fscache_cookie *
+ fscache_acquire_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *parent,
+ const struct fscache_object_def *def,
+ void *netfs_data,
+ bool enable);
+
+This function creates an index entry in the index represented by parent,
+filling in the index entry by calling the operations pointed to by def.
+
+Note that this function never returns an error - all errors are handled
+internally. It may, however, return NULL to indicate no cookie. It is quite
+acceptable to pass this token back to this function as the parent to another
+acquisition (or even to the relinquish cookie, read page and write page
+functions - see below).
+
+Note also that no indices are actually created in a cache until a non-index
+object needs to be created somewhere down the hierarchy. Furthermore, an index
+may be created in several different caches independently at different times.
+This is all handled transparently, and the netfs doesn't see any of it.
+
+A cookie will be created in the disabled state if enabled is false. A cookie
+must be enabled to do anything with it. A disabled cookie can be enabled by
+calling fscache_enable_cookie() (see below).
+
+For example, with AFS, a cell would be added to the primary index. This index
+entry would have a dependent inode containing a volume location index for the
+volume mappings within this cell:
+
+ cell->cache =
+ fscache_acquire_cookie(afs_cache_netfs.primary_index,
+ &afs_cell_cache_index_def,
+ cell, true);
+
+Then when a volume location was accessed, it would be entered into the cell's
+index and an inode would be allocated that acts as a volume type and hash chain
+combination:
+
+ vlocation->cache =
+ fscache_acquire_cookie(cell->cache,
+ &afs_vlocation_cache_index_def,
+ vlocation, true);
+
+And then a particular flavour of volume (R/O for example) could be added to
+that index, creating another index for vnodes (AFS inode equivalents):
+
+ volume->cache =
+ fscache_acquire_cookie(vlocation->cache,
+ &afs_volume_cache_index_def,
+ volume, true);
+
+
+======================
+DATA FILE REGISTRATION
+======================
+
+The fourth step is to request a data file be created in the cache. This is
+identical to index cookie acquisition. The only difference is that the type in
+the object definition should be something other than index type.
+
+ vnode->cache =
+ fscache_acquire_cookie(volume->cache,
+ &afs_vnode_cache_object_def,
+ vnode, true);
+
+
+=================================
+MISCELLANEOUS OBJECT REGISTRATION
+=================================
+
+An optional step is to request an object of miscellaneous type be created in
+the cache. This is almost identical to index cookie acquisition. The only
+difference is that the type in the object definition should be something other
+than index type. Whilst the parent object could be an index, it's more likely
+it would be some other type of object such as a data file.
+
+ xattr->cache =
+ fscache_acquire_cookie(vnode->cache,
+ &afs_xattr_cache_object_def,
+ xattr, true);
+
+Miscellaneous objects might be used to store extended attributes or directory
+entries for example.
+
+
+==========================
+SETTING THE DATA FILE SIZE
+==========================
+
+The fifth step is to set the physical attributes of the file, such as its size.
+This doesn't automatically reserve any space in the cache, but permits the
+cache to adjust its metadata for data tracking appropriately:
+
+ int fscache_attr_changed(struct fscache_cookie *cookie);
+
+The cache will return -ENOBUFS if there is no backing cache or if there is no
+space to allocate any extra metadata required in the cache. The attributes
+will be accessed with the get_attr() cookie definition operation.
+
+Note that attempts to read or write data pages in the cache over this size may
+be rebuffed with -ENOBUFS.
+
+This operation schedules an attribute adjustment to happen asynchronously at
+some point in the future, and as such, it may happen after the function returns
+to the caller. The attribute adjustment excludes read and write operations.
+
+
+=====================
+PAGE ALLOC/READ/WRITE
+=====================
+
+And the sixth step is to store and retrieve pages in the cache. There are
+three functions that are used to do this.
+
+Note:
+
+ (1) A page should not be re-read or re-allocated without uncaching it first.
+
+ (2) A read or allocated page must be uncached when the netfs page is released
+ from the pagecache.
+
+ (3) A page should only be written to the cache if previous read or allocated.
+
+This permits the cache to maintain its page tracking in proper order.
+
+
+PAGE READ
+---------
+
+Firstly, the netfs should ask FS-Cache to examine the caches and read the
+contents cached for a particular page of a particular file if present, or else
+allocate space to store the contents if not:
+
+ typedef
+ void (*fscache_rw_complete_t)(struct page *page,
+ void *context,
+ int error);
+
+ int fscache_read_or_alloc_page(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page,
+ fscache_rw_complete_t end_io_func,
+ void *context,
+ gfp_t gfp);
+
+The cookie argument must specify a cookie for an object that isn't an index,
+the page specified will have the data loaded into it (and is also used to
+specify the page number), and the gfp argument is used to control how any
+memory allocations made are satisfied.
+
+If the cookie indicates the inode is not cached:
+
+ (1) The function will return -ENOBUFS.
+
+Else if there's a copy of the page resident in the cache:
+
+ (1) The mark_pages_cached() cookie operation will be called on that page.
+
+ (2) The function will submit a request to read the data from the cache's
+ backing device directly into the page specified.
+
+ (3) The function will return 0.
+
+ (4) When the read is complete, end_io_func() will be invoked with:
+
+ (*) The netfs data supplied when the cookie was created.
+
+ (*) The page descriptor.
+
+ (*) The context argument passed to the above function. This will be
+ maintained with the get_context/put_context functions mentioned above.
+
+ (*) An argument that's 0 on success or negative for an error code.
+
+ If an error occurs, it should be assumed that the page contains no usable
+ data. fscache_readpages_cancel() may need to be called.
+
+ end_io_func() will be called in process context if the read is results in
+ an error, but it might be called in interrupt context if the read is
+ successful.
+
+Otherwise, if there's not a copy available in cache, but the cache may be able
+to store the page:
+
+ (1) The mark_pages_cached() cookie operation will be called on that page.
+
+ (2) A block may be reserved in the cache and attached to the object at the
+ appropriate place.
+
+ (3) The function will return -ENODATA.
+
+This function may also return -ENOMEM or -EINTR, in which case it won't have
+read any data from the cache.
+
+
+PAGE ALLOCATE
+-------------
+
+Alternatively, if there's not expected to be any data in the cache for a page
+because the file has been extended, a block can simply be allocated instead:
+
+ int fscache_alloc_page(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page,
+ gfp_t gfp);
+
+This is similar to the fscache_read_or_alloc_page() function, except that it
+never reads from the cache. It will return 0 if a block has been allocated,
+rather than -ENODATA as the other would. One or the other must be performed
+before writing to the cache.
+
+The mark_pages_cached() cookie operation will be called on the page if
+successful.
+
+
+PAGE WRITE
+----------
+
+Secondly, if the netfs changes the contents of the page (either due to an
+initial download or if a user performs a write), then the page should be
+written back to the cache:
+
+ int fscache_write_page(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page,
+ gfp_t gfp);
+
+The cookie argument must specify a data file cookie, the page specified should
+contain the data to be written (and is also used to specify the page number),
+and the gfp argument is used to control how any memory allocations made are
+satisfied.
+
+The page must have first been read or allocated successfully and must not have
+been uncached before writing is performed.
+
+If the cookie indicates the inode is not cached then:
+
+ (1) The function will return -ENOBUFS.
+
+Else if space can be allocated in the cache to hold this page:
+
+ (1) PG_fscache_write will be set on the page.
+
+ (2) The function will submit a request to write the data to cache's backing
+ device directly from the page specified.
+
+ (3) The function will return 0.
+
+ (4) When the write is complete PG_fscache_write is cleared on the page and
+ anyone waiting for that bit will be woken up.
+
+Else if there's no space available in the cache, -ENOBUFS will be returned. It
+is also possible for the PG_fscache_write bit to be cleared when no write took
+place if unforeseen circumstances arose (such as a disk error).
+
+Writing takes place asynchronously.
+
+
+MULTIPLE PAGE READ
+------------------
+
+A facility is provided to read several pages at once, as requested by the
+readpages() address space operation:
+
+ int fscache_read_or_alloc_pages(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct address_space *mapping,
+ struct list_head *pages,
+ int *nr_pages,
+ fscache_rw_complete_t end_io_func,
+ void *context,
+ gfp_t gfp);
+
+This works in a similar way to fscache_read_or_alloc_page(), except:
+
+ (1) Any page it can retrieve data for is removed from pages and nr_pages and
+ dispatched for reading to the disk. Reads of adjacent pages on disk may
+ be merged for greater efficiency.
+
+ (2) The mark_pages_cached() cookie operation will be called on several pages
+ at once if they're being read or allocated.
+
+ (3) If there was an general error, then that error will be returned.
+
+ Else if some pages couldn't be allocated or read, then -ENOBUFS will be
+ returned.
+
+ Else if some pages couldn't be read but were allocated, then -ENODATA will
+ be returned.
+
+ Otherwise, if all pages had reads dispatched, then 0 will be returned, the
+ list will be empty and *nr_pages will be 0.
+
+ (4) end_io_func will be called once for each page being read as the reads
+ complete. It will be called in process context if error != 0, but it may
+ be called in interrupt context if there is no error.
+
+Note that a return of -ENODATA, -ENOBUFS or any other error does not preclude
+some of the pages being read and some being allocated. Those pages will have
+been marked appropriately and will need uncaching.
+
+
+CANCELLATION OF UNREAD PAGES
+----------------------------
+
+If one or more pages are passed to fscache_read_or_alloc_pages() but not then
+read from the cache and also not read from the underlying filesystem then
+those pages will need to have any marks and reservations removed. This can be
+done by calling:
+
+ void fscache_readpages_cancel(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct list_head *pages);
+
+prior to returning to the caller. The cookie argument should be as passed to
+fscache_read_or_alloc_pages(). Every page in the pages list will be examined
+and any that have PG_fscache set will be uncached.
+
+
+==============
+PAGE UNCACHING
+==============
+
+To uncache a page, this function should be called:
+
+ void fscache_uncache_page(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page);
+
+This function permits the cache to release any in-memory representation it
+might be holding for this netfs page. This function must be called once for
+each page on which the read or write page functions above have been called to
+make sure the cache's in-memory tracking information gets torn down.
+
+Note that pages can't be explicitly deleted from the a data file. The whole
+data file must be retired (see the relinquish cookie function below).
+
+Furthermore, note that this does not cancel the asynchronous read or write
+operation started by the read/alloc and write functions, so the page
+invalidation functions must use:
+
+ bool fscache_check_page_write(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page);
+
+to see if a page is being written to the cache, and:
+
+ void fscache_wait_on_page_write(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page);
+
+to wait for it to finish if it is.
+
+
+When releasepage() is being implemented, a special FS-Cache function exists to
+manage the heuristics of coping with vmscan trying to eject pages, which may
+conflict with the cache trying to write pages to the cache (which may itself
+need to allocate memory):
+
+ bool fscache_maybe_release_page(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct page *page,
+ gfp_t gfp);
+
+This takes the netfs cookie, and the page and gfp arguments as supplied to
+releasepage(). It will return false if the page cannot be released yet for
+some reason and if it returns true, the page has been uncached and can now be
+released.
+
+To make a page available for release, this function may wait for an outstanding
+storage request to complete, or it may attempt to cancel the storage request -
+in which case the page will not be stored in the cache this time.
+
+
+BULK INODE PAGE UNCACHE
+-----------------------
+
+A convenience routine is provided to perform an uncache on all the pages
+attached to an inode. This assumes that the pages on the inode correspond on a
+1:1 basis with the pages in the cache.
+
+ void fscache_uncache_all_inode_pages(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ struct inode *inode);
+
+This takes the netfs cookie that the pages were cached with and the inode that
+the pages are attached to. This function will wait for pages to finish being
+written to the cache and for the cache to finish with the page generally. No
+error is returned.
+
+
+===============================
+INDEX AND DATA FILE CONSISTENCY
+===============================
+
+To find out whether auxiliary data for an object is up to data within the
+cache, the following function can be called:
+
+ int fscache_check_consistency(struct fscache_cookie *cookie)
+
+This will call back to the netfs to check whether the auxiliary data associated
+with a cookie is correct. It returns 0 if it is and -ESTALE if it isn't; it
+may also return -ENOMEM and -ERESTARTSYS.
+
+To request an update of the index data for an index or other object, the
+following function should be called:
+
+ void fscache_update_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie);
+
+This function will refer back to the netfs_data pointer stored in the cookie by
+the acquisition function to obtain the data to write into each revised index
+entry. The update method in the parent index definition will be called to
+transfer the data.
+
+Note that partial updates may happen automatically at other times, such as when
+data blocks are added to a data file object.
+
+
+=================
+COOKIE ENABLEMENT
+=================
+
+Cookies exist in one of two states: enabled and disabled. If a cookie is
+disabled, it ignores all attempts to acquire child cookies; check, update or
+invalidate its state; allocate, read or write backing pages - though it is
+still possible to uncache pages and relinquish the cookie.
+
+The initial enablement state is set by fscache_acquire_cookie(), but the cookie
+can be enabled or disabled later. To disable a cookie, call:
+
+ void fscache_disable_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ bool invalidate);
+
+If the cookie is not already disabled, this locks the cookie against other
+enable and disable ops, marks the cookie as being disabled, discards or
+invalidates any backing objects and waits for cessation of activity on any
+associated object before unlocking the cookie.
+
+All possible failures are handled internally. The caller should consider
+calling fscache_uncache_all_inode_pages() afterwards to make sure all page
+markings are cleared up.
+
+Cookies can be enabled or reenabled with:
+
+ void fscache_enable_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ bool (*can_enable)(void *data),
+ void *data)
+
+If the cookie is not already enabled, this locks the cookie against other
+enable and disable ops, invokes can_enable() and, if the cookie is not an index
+cookie, will begin the procedure of acquiring backing objects.
+
+The optional can_enable() function is passed the data argument and returns a
+ruling as to whether or not enablement should actually be permitted to begin.
+
+All possible failures are handled internally. The cookie will only be marked
+as enabled if provisional backing objects are allocated.
+
+
+===============================
+MISCELLANEOUS COOKIE OPERATIONS
+===============================
+
+There are a number of operations that can be used to control cookies:
+
+ (*) Cookie pinning:
+
+ int fscache_pin_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie);
+ void fscache_unpin_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie);
+
+ These operations permit data cookies to be pinned into the cache and to
+ have the pinning removed. They are not permitted on index cookies.
+
+ The pinning function will return 0 if successful, -ENOBUFS in the cookie
+ isn't backed by a cache, -EOPNOTSUPP if the cache doesn't support pinning,
+ -ENOSPC if there isn't enough space to honour the operation, -ENOMEM or
+ -EIO if there's any other problem.
+
+ (*) Data space reservation:
+
+ int fscache_reserve_space(struct fscache_cookie *cookie, loff_t size);
+
+ This permits a netfs to request cache space be reserved to store up to the
+ given amount of a file. It is permitted to ask for more than the current
+ size of the file to allow for future file expansion.
+
+ If size is given as zero then the reservation will be cancelled.
+
+ The function will return 0 if successful, -ENOBUFS in the cookie isn't
+ backed by a cache, -EOPNOTSUPP if the cache doesn't support reservations,
+ -ENOSPC if there isn't enough space to honour the operation, -ENOMEM or
+ -EIO if there's any other problem.
+
+ Note that this doesn't pin an object in a cache; it can still be culled to
+ make space if it's not in use.
+
+
+=====================
+COOKIE UNREGISTRATION
+=====================
+
+To get rid of a cookie, this function should be called.
+
+ void fscache_relinquish_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
+ bool retire);
+
+If retire is non-zero, then the object will be marked for recycling, and all
+copies of it will be removed from all active caches in which it is present.
+Not only that but all child objects will also be retired.
+
+If retire is zero, then the object may be available again when next the
+acquisition function is called. Retirement here will overrule the pinning on a
+cookie.
+
+One very important note - relinquish must NOT be called for a cookie unless all
+the cookies for "child" indices, objects and pages have been relinquished
+first.
+
+
+==================
+INDEX INVALIDATION
+==================
+
+There is no direct way to invalidate an index subtree. To do this, the caller
+should relinquish and retire the cookie they have, and then acquire a new one.
+
+
+======================
+DATA FILE INVALIDATION
+======================
+
+Sometimes it will be necessary to invalidate an object that contains data.
+Typically this will be necessary when the server tells the netfs of a foreign
+change - at which point the netfs has to throw away all the state it had for an
+inode and reload from the server.
+
+To indicate that a cache object should be invalidated, the following function
+can be called:
+
+ void fscache_invalidate(struct fscache_cookie *cookie);
+
+This can be called with spinlocks held as it defers the work to a thread pool.
+All extant storage, retrieval and attribute change ops at this point are
+cancelled and discarded. Some future operations will be rejected until the
+cache has had a chance to insert a barrier in the operations queue. After
+that, operations will be queued again behind the invalidation operation.
+
+The invalidation operation will perform an attribute change operation and an
+auxiliary data update operation as it is very likely these will have changed.
+
+Using the following function, the netfs can wait for the invalidation operation
+to have reached a point at which it can start submitting ordinary operations
+once again:
+
+ void fscache_wait_on_invalidate(struct fscache_cookie *cookie);
+
+
+===========================
+FS-CACHE SPECIFIC PAGE FLAG
+===========================
+
+FS-Cache makes use of a page flag, PG_private_2, for its own purpose. This is
+given the alternative name PG_fscache.
+
+PG_fscache is used to indicate that the page is known by the cache, and that
+the cache must be informed if the page is going to go away. It's an indication
+to the netfs that the cache has an interest in this page, where an interest may
+be a pointer to it, resources allocated or reserved for it, or I/O in progress
+upon it.
+
+The netfs can use this information in methods such as releasepage() to
+determine whether it needs to uncache a page or update it.
+
+Furthermore, if this bit is set, releasepage() and invalidatepage() operations
+will be called on a page to get rid of it, even if PG_private is not set. This
+allows caching to attempted on a page before read_cache_pages() to be called
+after fscache_read_or_alloc_pages() as the former will try and release pages it
+was given under certain circumstances.
+
+This bit does not overlap with such as PG_private. This means that FS-Cache
+can be used with a filesystem that uses the block buffering code.
+
+There are a number of operations defined on this flag:
+
+ int PageFsCache(struct page *page);
+ void SetPageFsCache(struct page *page)
+ void ClearPageFsCache(struct page *page)
+ int TestSetPageFsCache(struct page *page)
+ int TestClearPageFsCache(struct page *page)
+
+These functions are bit test, bit set, bit clear, bit test and set and bit
+test and clear operations on PG_fscache.