./tools/notsd-move

1 files changed, 1473 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/grp-machine/systemd-machined/machine-dbus.c b/src/grp-machine/systemd-machined/machine-dbus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..91b5dfa993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-machine/systemd-machined/machine-dbus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1473 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+/* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
+ * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the POSIX
+ * version which is really broken. We prefer GNU basename(). */
+#include <libgen.h>
+#undef basename
+
+#include "basic/alloc-util.h"
+#include "basic/bus-label.h"
+#include "basic/copy.h"
+#include "basic/env-util.h"
+#include "basic/fd-util.h"
+#include "basic/fileio.h"
+#include "basic/formats-util.h"
+#include "basic/fs-util.h"
+#include "basic/in-addr-util.h"
+#include "basic/mkdir.h"
+#include "basic/path-util.h"
+#include "basic/process-util.h"
+#include "basic/signal-util.h"
+#include "basic/strv.h"
+#include "basic/terminal-util.h"
+#include "basic/user-util.h"
+#include "sd-bus/bus-common-errors.h"
+#include "sd-bus/bus-internal.h"
+#include "sd-netlink/local-addresses.h"
+#include "shared/bus-util.h"
+
+#include "machine-dbus.h"
+#include "machine.h"
+
+static int property_get_id(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+        assert(m);
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append_array(reply, 'y', &m->id, 16);
+}
+
+static int property_get_state(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        const char *state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+        assert(m);
+
+        state = machine_state_to_string(machine_get_state(m));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(reply, 's', state);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int property_get_netif(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *interface,
+                const char *property,
+                sd_bus_message *reply,
+                void *userdata,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(reply);
+        assert(m);
+
+        assert_cc(sizeof(int) == sizeof(int32_t));
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append_array(reply, 'i', m->netif, m->n_netif * sizeof(int));
+}
+
+static BUS_DEFINE_PROPERTY_GET_ENUM(property_get_class, machine_class, MachineClass);
+
+int bus_machine_method_terminate(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_KILL,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.manage-machines",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = machine_stop(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_kill(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        const char *swho;
+        int32_t signo;
+        KillWho who;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "si", &swho, &signo);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(swho))
+                who = KILL_ALL;
+        else {
+                who = kill_who_from_string(swho);
+                if (who < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Invalid kill parameter '%s'", swho);
+        }
+
+        if (!SIGNAL_VALID(signo))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Invalid signal %i", signo);
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_KILL,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.manage-machines",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        r = machine_kill(m, who, signo);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_get_addresses(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "(iay)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        switch (m->class) {
+
+        case MACHINE_HOST: {
+                _cleanup_free_ struct local_address *addresses = NULL;
+                struct local_address *a;
+                int n, i;
+
+                n = local_addresses(NULL, 0, AF_UNSPEC, &addresses);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return n;
+
+                for (a = addresses, i = 0; i < n; a++, i++) {
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'r', "iay");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "i", addresses[i].family);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_array(reply, 'y', &addresses[i].address, FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(addresses[i].family));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case MACHINE_CONTAINER: {
+                _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+                _cleanup_free_ char *us = NULL, *them = NULL;
+                _cleanup_close_ int netns_fd = -1;
+                const char *p;
+                siginfo_t si;
+                pid_t child;
+
+                r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/ns/net", &us);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                p = procfs_file_alloca(m->leader, "ns/net");
+                r = readlink_malloc(p, &them);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (streq(us, them))
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_PRIVATE_NETWORKING, "Machine %s does not use private networking", m->name);
+
+                r = namespace_open(m->leader, NULL, NULL, &netns_fd, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, pair) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                child = fork();
+                if (child < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to fork(): %m");
+
+                if (child == 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ struct local_address *addresses = NULL;
+                        struct local_address *a;
+                        int i, n;
+
+                        pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
+
+                        r = namespace_enter(-1, -1, netns_fd, -1, -1);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        n = local_addresses(NULL, 0, AF_UNSPEC, &addresses);
+                        if (n < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        for (a = addresses, i = 0; i < n; a++, i++) {
+                                struct iovec iov[2] = {
+                                        { .iov_base = &a->family, .iov_len = sizeof(a->family) },
+                                        { .iov_base = &a->address, .iov_len = FAMILY_ADDRESS_SIZE(a->family) },
+                                };
+
+                                r = writev(pair[1], iov, 2);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+
+                        pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+                        _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                }
+
+                pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        int family;
+                        ssize_t n;
+                        union in_addr_union in_addr;
+                        struct iovec iov[2];
+                        struct msghdr mh = {
+                                .msg_iov = iov,
+                                .msg_iovlen = 2,
+                        };
+
+                        iov[0] = (struct iovec) { .iov_base = &family, .iov_len = sizeof(family) };
+                        iov[1] = (struct iovec) { .iov_base = &in_addr, .iov_len = sizeof(in_addr) };
+
+                        n = recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, 0);
+                        if (n < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+                        if ((size_t) n < sizeof(family))
+                                break;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'r', "iay");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "i", family);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        switch (family) {
+
+                        case AF_INET:
+                                if (n != sizeof(struct in_addr) + sizeof(family))
+                                        return -EIO;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_append_array(reply, 'y', &in_addr.in, sizeof(in_addr.in));
+                                break;
+
+                        case AF_INET6:
+                                if (n != sizeof(struct in6_addr) + sizeof(family))
+                                        return -EIO;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_append_array(reply, 'y', &in_addr.in6, sizeof(in_addr.in6));
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+                if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child died abnormally.");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Requesting IP address data is only supported on container machines.");
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_get_os_release(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        char **k, **v;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        switch (m->class) {
+
+        case MACHINE_HOST:
+                r = load_env_file_pairs(NULL, "/etc/os-release", NULL, &l);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                break;
+
+        case MACHINE_CONTAINER: {
+                _cleanup_close_ int mntns_fd = -1, root_fd = -1;
+                _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                siginfo_t si;
+                pid_t child;
+
+                r = namespace_open(m->leader, NULL, &mntns_fd, NULL, NULL, &root_fd);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, pair) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                child = fork();
+                if (child < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to fork(): %m");
+
+                if (child == 0) {
+                        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+                        pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
+
+                        r = namespace_enter(-1, mntns_fd, -1, -1, root_fd);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        fd = open("/etc/os-release", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                        if (fd < 0) {
+                                fd = open("/usr/lib/os-release", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                                if (fd < 0)
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+
+                        r = copy_bytes(fd, pair[1], (uint64_t) -1, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                }
+
+                pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+                f = fdopen(pair[0], "re");
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                pair[0] = -1;
+
+                r = load_env_file_pairs(f, "/etc/os-release", NULL, &l);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+                if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child died abnormally.");
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Requesting OS release data is only supported on container machines.");
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "{ss}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(k, v, l) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "{ss}", *k, *v);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_open_pty(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pty_name = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int master = -1;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        m->class == MACHINE_HOST ? "org.freedesktop.machine1.host-open-pty" : "org.freedesktop.machine1.open-pty",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        master = machine_openpt(m, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (master < 0)
+                return master;
+
+        r = ptsname_namespace(master, &pty_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "hs", master, pty_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+static int container_bus_new(Machine *m, sd_bus_error *error, sd_bus **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        switch (m->class) {
+
+        case MACHINE_HOST:
+                *ret = NULL;
+                break;
+
+        case MACHINE_CONTAINER: {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+                char *address;
+
+                r = sd_bus_new(&bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (asprintf(&address, "x-machine-kernel:pid=%1$" PID_PRI ";x-machine-unix:pid=%1$" PID_PRI, m->leader) < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                bus->address = address;
+                bus->bus_client = true;
+                bus->trusted = false;
+                bus->is_system = true;
+
+                r = sd_bus_start(bus);
+                if (r == -ENOENT)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "There is no system bus in container %s.", m->name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *ret = bus;
+                bus = NULL;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_open_login(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pty_name = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *allocated_bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int master = -1;
+        sd_bus *container_bus = NULL;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        const char *p, *getty;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        m->class == MACHINE_HOST ? "org.freedesktop.machine1.host-login" : "org.freedesktop.machine1.login",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        master = machine_openpt(m, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (master < 0)
+                return master;
+
+        r = ptsname_namespace(master, &pty_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = path_startswith(pty_name, "/dev/pts/");
+        if (!p)
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "PTS name %s is invalid", pty_name);
+
+        r = container_bus_new(m, error, &allocated_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        container_bus = allocated_bus ?: m->manager->bus;
+
+        getty = strjoina("container-getty@", p, ".service");
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        container_bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "StartUnit",
+                        error, NULL,
+                        "ss", getty, "replace");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "hs", master, pty_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_open_shell(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL, *tm = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pty_name = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *allocated_bus = NULL;
+        sd_bus *container_bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, slave = -1;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env = NULL, **args = NULL;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        const char *p, *unit, *user, *path, *description, *utmp_id;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "ss", &user, &path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        user = empty_to_null(user);
+        if (isempty(path))
+                path = "/bin/sh";
+        if (!path_is_absolute(path))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Specified path '%s' is not absolute", path);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &args);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (strv_isempty(args)) {
+                args = strv_free(args);
+
+                args = strv_new(path, NULL);
+                if (!args)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                args[0][0] = '-'; /* Tell /bin/sh that this shall be a login shell */
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(message, &env);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (!strv_env_is_valid(env))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Invalid environment assignments");
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        m->class == MACHINE_HOST ? "org.freedesktop.machine1.host-shell" : "org.freedesktop.machine1.shell",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        master = machine_openpt(m, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (master < 0)
+                return master;
+
+        r = ptsname_namespace(master, &pty_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = path_startswith(pty_name, "/dev/pts/");
+        assert(p);
+
+        slave = machine_open_terminal(m, pty_name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (slave < 0)
+                return slave;
+
+        utmp_id = path_startswith(pty_name, "/dev/");
+        assert(utmp_id);
+
+        r = container_bus_new(m, error, &allocated_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        container_bus = allocated_bus ?: m->manager->bus;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        container_bus,
+                        &tm,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "StartTransientUnit");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Name and mode */
+        unit = strjoina("container-shell@", p, ".service");
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "ss", unit, "fail");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Properties */
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'a', "(sv)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        description = strjoina("Shell for User ", isempty(user) ? "root" : user);
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm,
+                                  "(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)",
+                                  "Description", "s", description,
+                                  "StandardInputFileDescriptor", "h", slave,
+                                  "StandardOutputFileDescriptor", "h", slave,
+                                  "StandardErrorFileDescriptor", "h", slave,
+                                  "SendSIGHUP", "b", true,
+                                  "IgnoreSIGPIPE", "b", false,
+                                  "KillMode", "s", "mixed",
+                                  "TTYReset", "b", true,
+                                  "UtmpIdentifier", "s", utmp_id,
+                                  "UtmpMode", "s", "user",
+                                  "PAMName", "s", "login",
+                                  "WorkingDirectory", "s", "-~");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "(sv)", "User", "s", isempty(user) ? "root" : user);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(env)) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'r', "sv");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "s", "Environment");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'v', "as");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(tm, env);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* Exec container */
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'r', "sv");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "s", "ExecStart");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'v', "a(sasb)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'a', "(sasb)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(tm, 'r', "sasb");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "s", path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(tm, args);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "b", true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(tm);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Auxiliary units */
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(tm, "a(sa(sv))", 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(container_bus, tm, 0, error, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        slave = safe_close(slave);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(reply, "hs", master, pty_name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_bind_mount(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_close_pair_ int errno_pipe_fd[2] = { -1, -1 };
+        char mount_slave[] = "/tmp/propagate.XXXXXX", *mount_tmp, *mount_outside, *p;
+        bool mount_slave_created = false, mount_slave_mounted = false,
+                mount_tmp_created = false, mount_tmp_mounted = false,
+                mount_outside_created = false, mount_outside_mounted = false;
+        const char *dest, *src;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        int read_only, make_directory;
+        pid_t child;
+        siginfo_t si;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->class != MACHINE_CONTAINER)
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Bind mounting is only supported on container machines.");
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "ssbb", &src, &dest, &read_only, &make_directory);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(src) || !path_is_safe(src))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Source path must be absolute and not contain ../.");
+
+        if (isempty(dest))
+                dest = src;
+        else if (!path_is_absolute(dest) || !path_is_safe(dest))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Destination path must be absolute and not contain ../.");
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.manage-machines",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        /* One day, when bind mounting /proc/self/fd/n works across
+         * namespace boundaries we should rework this logic to make
+         * use of it... */
+
+        p = strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", m->name, "/");
+        if (laccess(p, F_OK) < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Container does not allow propagation of mount points.");
+
+        /* Our goal is to install a new bind mount into the container,
+           possibly read-only. This is irritatingly complex
+           unfortunately, currently.
+
+           First, we start by creating a private playground in /tmp,
+           that we can mount MS_SLAVE. (Which is necessary, since
+           MS_MOVE cannot be applied to mounts with MS_SHARED parent
+           mounts.) */
+
+        if (!mkdtemp(mount_slave))
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to create playground %s: %m", mount_slave);
+
+        mount_slave_created = true;
+
+        if (mount(mount_slave, mount_slave, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to make bind mount %s: %m", mount_slave);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        mount_slave_mounted = true;
+
+        if (mount(NULL, mount_slave, NULL, MS_SLAVE, NULL) < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to remount slave %s: %m", mount_slave);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* Second, we mount the source directory to a directory inside
+           of our MS_SLAVE playground. */
+        mount_tmp = strjoina(mount_slave, "/mount");
+        if (mkdir(mount_tmp, 0700) < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to create temporary mount point %s: %m", mount_tmp);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        mount_tmp_created = true;
+
+        if (mount(src, mount_tmp, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to overmount %s: %m", mount_tmp);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        mount_tmp_mounted = true;
+
+        /* Third, we remount the new bind mount read-only if requested. */
+        if (read_only)
+                if (mount(NULL, mount_tmp, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL) < 0) {
+                        r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to remount read-only %s: %m", mount_tmp);
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+        /* Fourth, we move the new bind mount into the propagation
+         * directory. This way it will appear there read-only
+         * right-away. */
+
+        mount_outside = strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/propagate/", m->name, "/XXXXXX");
+        if (!mkdtemp(mount_outside)) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Cannot create propagation directory %s: %m", mount_outside);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        mount_outside_created = true;
+
+        if (mount(mount_tmp, mount_outside, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to move %s to %s: %m", mount_tmp, mount_outside);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        mount_outside_mounted = true;
+        mount_tmp_mounted = false;
+
+        (void) rmdir(mount_tmp);
+        mount_tmp_created = false;
+
+        (void) umount(mount_slave);
+        mount_slave_mounted = false;
+
+        (void) rmdir(mount_slave);
+        mount_slave_created = false;
+
+        if (pipe2(errno_pipe_fd, O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to create pipe: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        child = fork();
+        if (child < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to fork(): %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (child == 0) {
+                const char *mount_inside;
+                int mntfd;
+                const char *q;
+
+                errno_pipe_fd[0] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[0]);
+
+                q = procfs_file_alloca(m->leader, "ns/mnt");
+                mntfd = open(q, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (mntfd < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open mount namespace of leader: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                if (setns(mntfd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to join namespace of leader: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                if (make_directory)
+                        (void) mkdir_p(dest, 0755);
+
+                /* Fifth, move the mount to the right place inside */
+                mount_inside = strjoina("/run/systemd/nspawn/incoming/", basename(mount_outside));
+                if (mount(mount_inside, dest, NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to mount: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+        child_fail:
+                (void) write(errno_pipe_fd[1], &r, sizeof(r));
+                errno_pipe_fd[1] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[1]);
+
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        errno_pipe_fd[1] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[1]);
+
+        r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED) {
+                r = sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child died abnormally.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+        if (si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS) {
+
+                if (read(errno_pipe_fd[0], &r, sizeof(r)) == sizeof(r))
+                        r = sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to mount: %m");
+                else
+                        r = sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child failed.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, NULL);
+
+finish:
+        if (mount_outside_mounted)
+                umount(mount_outside);
+        if (mount_outside_created)
+                rmdir(mount_outside);
+
+        if (mount_tmp_mounted)
+                umount(mount_tmp);
+        if (mount_tmp_created)
+                rmdir(mount_tmp);
+
+        if (mount_slave_mounted)
+                umount(mount_slave);
+        if (mount_slave_created)
+                rmdir(mount_slave);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_copy(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        const char *src, *dest, *host_path, *container_path, *host_basename, *host_dirname, *container_basename, *container_dirname;
+        _cleanup_close_pair_ int errno_pipe_fd[2] = { -1, -1 };
+        _cleanup_close_ int hostfd = -1;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        bool copy_from;
+        pid_t child;
+        char *t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->manager->n_operations >= OPERATIONS_MAX)
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_LIMITS_EXCEEDED, "Too many ongoing copies.");
+
+        if (m->class != MACHINE_CONTAINER)
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Copying files is only supported on container machines.");
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "ss", &src, &dest);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(src))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Source path must be absolute.");
+
+        if (isempty(dest))
+                dest = src;
+        else if (!path_is_absolute(dest))
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Destination path must be absolute.");
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.manage-machines",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        copy_from = strstr(sd_bus_message_get_member(message), "CopyFrom");
+
+        if (copy_from) {
+                container_path = src;
+                host_path = dest;
+        } else {
+                host_path = src;
+                container_path = dest;
+        }
+
+        host_basename = basename(host_path);
+        t = strdupa(host_path);
+        host_dirname = dirname(t);
+
+        container_basename = basename(container_path);
+        t = strdupa(container_path);
+        container_dirname = dirname(t);
+
+        hostfd = open(host_dirname, O_CLOEXEC|O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_DIRECTORY);
+        if (hostfd < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to open host directory %s: %m", host_dirname);
+
+        if (pipe2(errno_pipe_fd, O_CLOEXEC|O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to create pipe: %m");
+
+        child = fork();
+        if (child < 0)
+                return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to fork(): %m");
+
+        if (child == 0) {
+                int containerfd;
+                const char *q;
+                int mntfd;
+
+                errno_pipe_fd[0] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[0]);
+
+                q = procfs_file_alloca(m->leader, "ns/mnt");
+                mntfd = open(q, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+                if (mntfd < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open mount namespace of leader: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                if (setns(mntfd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to join namespace of leader: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                containerfd = open(container_dirname, O_CLOEXEC|O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_DIRECTORY);
+                if (containerfd < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed top open destination directory: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                if (copy_from)
+                        r = copy_tree_at(containerfd, container_basename, hostfd, host_basename, true);
+                else
+                        r = copy_tree_at(hostfd, host_basename, containerfd, container_basename, true);
+
+                hostfd = safe_close(hostfd);
+                containerfd = safe_close(containerfd);
+
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy tree: %m");
+                        goto child_fail;
+                }
+
+                _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+        child_fail:
+                (void) write(errno_pipe_fd[1], &r, sizeof(r));
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        errno_pipe_fd[1] = safe_close(errno_pipe_fd[1]);
+
+        /* Copying might take a while, hence install a watch on the child, and return */
+
+        r = operation_new(m->manager, m, child, message, errno_pipe_fd[0], NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                (void) sigkill_wait(child);
+                return r;
+        }
+        errno_pipe_fd[0] = -1;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int bus_machine_method_open_root_directory(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        Machine *m = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = bus_verify_polkit_async(
+                        message,
+                        CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.manage-machines",
+                        NULL,
+                        false,
+                        UID_INVALID,
+                        &m->manager->polkit_registry,
+                        error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return 1; /* Will call us back */
+
+        switch (m->class) {
+
+        case MACHINE_HOST:
+                fd = open("/", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                break;
+
+        case MACHINE_CONTAINER: {
+                _cleanup_close_ int mntns_fd = -1, root_fd = -1;
+                _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+                siginfo_t si;
+                pid_t child;
+
+                r = namespace_open(m->leader, NULL, &mntns_fd, NULL, NULL, &root_fd);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                child = fork();
+                if (child < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, errno, "Failed to fork(): %m");
+
+                if (child == 0) {
+                        _cleanup_close_ int dfd = -1;
+
+                        pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
+
+                        r = namespace_enter(-1, mntns_fd, -1, -1, root_fd);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        dfd = open("/", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+                        if (dfd < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        r = send_one_fd(pair[1], dfd, 0);
+                        dfd = safe_close(dfd);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+                        _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                }
+
+                pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+                r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return sd_bus_error_set_errnof(error, r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+                if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+                        return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_FAILED, "Child died abnormally.");
+
+                fd = receive_one_fd(pair[0], MSG_DONTWAIT);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return fd;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                return sd_bus_error_setf(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Opening the root directory is only supported on container machines.");
+        }
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(message, "h", fd);
+}
+
+const sd_bus_vtable machine_vtable[] = {
+        SD_BUS_VTABLE_START(0),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Name", "s", NULL, offsetof(Machine, name), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Id", "ay", property_get_id, 0, SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        BUS_PROPERTY_DUAL_TIMESTAMP("Timestamp", offsetof(Machine, timestamp), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Service", "s", NULL, offsetof(Machine, service), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Unit", "s", NULL, offsetof(Machine, unit), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Scope", "s", NULL, offsetof(Machine, unit), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST|SD_BUS_VTABLE_HIDDEN),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Leader", "u", NULL, offsetof(Machine, leader), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Class", "s", property_get_class, offsetof(Machine, class), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("RootDirectory", "s", NULL, offsetof(Machine, root_directory), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("NetworkInterfaces", "ai", property_get_netif, 0, SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+        SD_BUS_PROPERTY("State", "s", property_get_state, 0, 0),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("Terminate", NULL, NULL, bus_machine_method_terminate, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("Kill", "si", NULL, bus_machine_method_kill, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("GetAddresses", NULL, "a(iay)", bus_machine_method_get_addresses, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("GetOSRelease", NULL, "a{ss}", bus_machine_method_get_os_release, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("OpenPTY", NULL, "hs", bus_machine_method_open_pty, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("OpenLogin", NULL, "hs", bus_machine_method_open_login, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("OpenShell", "ssasas", "hs", bus_machine_method_open_shell, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("BindMount", "ssbb", NULL, bus_machine_method_bind_mount, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("CopyFrom", "ss", NULL, bus_machine_method_copy, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("CopyTo", "ss", NULL, bus_machine_method_copy, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("OpenRootDirectory", NULL, "h", bus_machine_method_open_root_directory, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_VTABLE_END
+};
+
+int machine_object_find(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, const char *interface, void *userdata, void **found, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        Machine *machine;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(found);
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (streq(path, "/org/freedesktop/machine1/machine/self")) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_creds_unrefp) sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
+                sd_bus_message *message;
+                pid_t pid;
+
+                message = sd_bus_get_current_message(bus);
+                if (!message)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_query_sender_creds(message, SD_BUS_CREDS_PID, &creds);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_creds_get_pid(creds, &pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = manager_get_machine_by_pid(m, pid, &machine);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return 0;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+                const char *p;
+
+                p = startswith(path, "/org/freedesktop/machine1/machine/");
+                if (!p)
+                        return 0;
+
+                e = bus_label_unescape(p);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                machine = hashmap_get(m->machines, e);
+                if (!machine)
+                        return 0;
+        }
+
+        *found = machine;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+char *machine_bus_path(Machine *m) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        e = bus_label_escape(m->name);
+        if (!e)
+                return NULL;
+
+        return strappend("/org/freedesktop/machine1/machine/", e);
+}
+
+int machine_node_enumerator(sd_bus *bus, const char *path, void *userdata, char ***nodes, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        Machine *machine = NULL;
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        Iterator i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(nodes);
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(machine, m->machines, i) {
+                char *p;
+
+                p = machine_bus_path(machine);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = strv_consume(&l, p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        *nodes = l;
+        l = NULL;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int machine_send_signal(Machine *m, bool new_machine) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        p = machine_bus_path(m);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return sd_bus_emit_signal(
+                        m->manager->bus,
+                        "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
+                        new_machine ? "MachineNew" : "MachineRemoved",
+                        "so", m->name, p);
+}
+
+int machine_send_create_reply(Machine *m, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *c = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (!m->create_message)
+                return 0;
+
+        c = m->create_message;
+        m->create_message = NULL;
+
+        if (error)
+                return sd_bus_reply_method_error(c, error);
+
+        /* Update the machine state file before we notify the client
+         * about the result. */
+        machine_save(m);
+
+        p = machine_bus_path(m);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return sd_bus_reply_method_return(c, "o", p);
+}