./tools/notsd-move

1 files changed, 1757 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/grp-udev/systemd-udevd/udevd.c b/src/grp-udev/systemd-udevd/udevd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ce50235c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-udev/systemd-udevd/udevd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1757 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2012 Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004 Chris Friesen <chris_friesen@sympatico.ca>
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Canonical Ltd.
+ * Copyright (C) 2009 Scott James Remnant <scott@netsplit.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/signalfd.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-event.h>
+
+#include "sd-netlink/netlink-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/alloc-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/cgroup-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/cpu-set-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/fd-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/fileio.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/formats-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/fs-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/hashmap.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/io-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/parse-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/process-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/selinux-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/signal-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/socket-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/string-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/terminal-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/user-util.h"
+#include "systemd-shared/dev-setup.h"
+#include "systemd-shared/udev-util.h"
+#include "udev.h"
+
+static bool arg_debug = false;
+static int arg_daemonize = false;
+static int arg_resolve_names = 1;
+static unsigned arg_children_max;
+static int arg_exec_delay;
+static usec_t arg_event_timeout_usec = 180 * USEC_PER_SEC;
+static usec_t arg_event_timeout_warn_usec = 180 * USEC_PER_SEC / 3;
+
+typedef struct Manager {
+        struct udev *udev;
+        sd_event *event;
+        Hashmap *workers;
+        struct udev_list_node events;
+        const char *cgroup;
+        pid_t pid; /* the process that originally allocated the manager object */
+
+        struct udev_rules *rules;
+        struct udev_list properties;
+
+        struct udev_monitor *monitor;
+        struct udev_ctrl *ctrl;
+        struct udev_ctrl_connection *ctrl_conn_blocking;
+        int fd_inotify;
+        int worker_watch[2];
+
+        sd_event_source *ctrl_event;
+        sd_event_source *uevent_event;
+        sd_event_source *inotify_event;
+
+        usec_t last_usec;
+
+        bool stop_exec_queue:1;
+        bool exit:1;
+} Manager;
+
+enum event_state {
+        EVENT_UNDEF,
+        EVENT_QUEUED,
+        EVENT_RUNNING,
+};
+
+struct event {
+        struct udev_list_node node;
+        Manager *manager;
+        struct udev *udev;
+        struct udev_device *dev;
+        struct udev_device *dev_kernel;
+        struct worker *worker;
+        enum event_state state;
+        unsigned long long int delaying_seqnum;
+        unsigned long long int seqnum;
+        const char *devpath;
+        size_t devpath_len;
+        const char *devpath_old;
+        dev_t devnum;
+        int ifindex;
+        bool is_block;
+        sd_event_source *timeout_warning;
+        sd_event_source *timeout;
+};
+
+static inline struct event *node_to_event(struct udev_list_node *node) {
+        return container_of(node, struct event, node);
+}
+
+static void event_queue_cleanup(Manager *manager, enum event_state type);
+
+enum worker_state {
+        WORKER_UNDEF,
+        WORKER_RUNNING,
+        WORKER_IDLE,
+        WORKER_KILLED,
+};
+
+struct worker {
+        Manager *manager;
+        struct udev_list_node node;
+        int refcount;
+        pid_t pid;
+        struct udev_monitor *monitor;
+        enum worker_state state;
+        struct event *event;
+};
+
+/* passed from worker to main process */
+struct worker_message {
+};
+
+static void event_free(struct event *event) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!event)
+                return;
+
+        udev_list_node_remove(&event->node);
+        udev_device_unref(event->dev);
+        udev_device_unref(event->dev_kernel);
+
+        sd_event_source_unref(event->timeout_warning);
+        sd_event_source_unref(event->timeout);
+
+        if (event->worker)
+                event->worker->event = NULL;
+
+        assert(event->manager);
+
+        if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&event->manager->events)) {
+                /* only clean up the queue from the process that created it */
+                if (event->manager->pid == getpid()) {
+                        r = unlink("/run/udev/queue");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning_errno(errno, "could not unlink /run/udev/queue: %m");
+                }
+        }
+
+        free(event);
+}
+
+static void worker_free(struct worker *worker) {
+        if (!worker)
+                return;
+
+        assert(worker->manager);
+
+        hashmap_remove(worker->manager->workers, PID_TO_PTR(worker->pid));
+        udev_monitor_unref(worker->monitor);
+        event_free(worker->event);
+
+        free(worker);
+}
+
+static void manager_workers_free(Manager *manager) {
+        struct worker *worker;
+        Iterator i;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(worker, manager->workers, i)
+                worker_free(worker);
+
+        manager->workers = hashmap_free(manager->workers);
+}
+
+static int worker_new(struct worker **ret, Manager *manager, struct udev_monitor *worker_monitor, pid_t pid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ struct worker *worker = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(manager);
+        assert(worker_monitor);
+        assert(pid > 1);
+
+        worker = new0(struct worker, 1);
+        if (!worker)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        worker->refcount = 1;
+        worker->manager = manager;
+        /* close monitor, but keep address around */
+        udev_monitor_disconnect(worker_monitor);
+        worker->monitor = udev_monitor_ref(worker_monitor);
+        worker->pid = pid;
+
+        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&manager->workers, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = hashmap_put(manager->workers, PID_TO_PTR(pid), worker);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = worker;
+        worker = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_event_timeout(sd_event_source *s, uint64_t usec, void *userdata) {
+        struct event *event = userdata;
+
+        assert(event);
+        assert(event->worker);
+
+        kill_and_sigcont(event->worker->pid, SIGKILL);
+        event->worker->state = WORKER_KILLED;
+
+        log_error("seq %llu '%s' killed", udev_device_get_seqnum(event->dev), event->devpath);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int on_event_timeout_warning(sd_event_source *s, uint64_t usec, void *userdata) {
+        struct event *event = userdata;
+
+        assert(event);
+
+        log_warning("seq %llu '%s' is taking a long time", udev_device_get_seqnum(event->dev), event->devpath);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static void worker_attach_event(struct worker *worker, struct event *event) {
+        sd_event *e;
+        uint64_t usec;
+
+        assert(worker);
+        assert(worker->manager);
+        assert(event);
+        assert(!event->worker);
+        assert(!worker->event);
+
+        worker->state = WORKER_RUNNING;
+        worker->event = event;
+        event->state = EVENT_RUNNING;
+        event->worker = worker;
+
+        e = worker->manager->event;
+
+        assert_se(sd_event_now(e, clock_boottime_or_monotonic(), &usec) >= 0);
+
+        (void) sd_event_add_time(e, &event->timeout_warning, clock_boottime_or_monotonic(),
+                                 usec + arg_event_timeout_warn_usec, USEC_PER_SEC, on_event_timeout_warning, event);
+
+        (void) sd_event_add_time(e, &event->timeout, clock_boottime_or_monotonic(),
+                                 usec + arg_event_timeout_usec, USEC_PER_SEC, on_event_timeout, event);
+}
+
+static void manager_free(Manager *manager) {
+        if (!manager)
+                return;
+
+        udev_builtin_exit(manager->udev);
+
+        sd_event_source_unref(manager->ctrl_event);
+        sd_event_source_unref(manager->uevent_event);
+        sd_event_source_unref(manager->inotify_event);
+
+        udev_unref(manager->udev);
+        sd_event_unref(manager->event);
+        manager_workers_free(manager);
+        event_queue_cleanup(manager, EVENT_UNDEF);
+
+        udev_monitor_unref(manager->monitor);
+        udev_ctrl_unref(manager->ctrl);
+        udev_ctrl_connection_unref(manager->ctrl_conn_blocking);
+
+        udev_list_cleanup(&manager->properties);
+        udev_rules_unref(manager->rules);
+
+        safe_close(manager->fd_inotify);
+        safe_close_pair(manager->worker_watch);
+
+        free(manager);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Manager*, manager_free);
+
+static int worker_send_message(int fd) {
+        struct worker_message message = {};
+
+        return loop_write(fd, &message, sizeof(message), false);
+}
+
+static void worker_spawn(Manager *manager, struct event *event) {
+        struct udev *udev = event->udev;
+        _cleanup_udev_monitor_unref_ struct udev_monitor *worker_monitor = NULL;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        /* listen for new events */
+        worker_monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev, NULL);
+        if (worker_monitor == NULL)
+                return;
+        /* allow the main daemon netlink address to send devices to the worker */
+        udev_monitor_allow_unicast_sender(worker_monitor, manager->monitor);
+        r = udev_monitor_enable_receiving(worker_monitor);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "worker: could not enable receiving of device: %m");
+
+        pid = fork();
+        switch (pid) {
+        case 0: {
+                struct udev_device *dev = NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_netlink_unrefp) sd_netlink *rtnl = NULL;
+                int fd_monitor;
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd_signal = -1, fd_ep = -1;
+                struct epoll_event ep_signal = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+                struct epoll_event ep_monitor = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+                sigset_t mask;
+
+                /* take initial device from queue */
+                dev = event->dev;
+                event->dev = NULL;
+
+                unsetenv("NOTIFY_SOCKET");
+
+                manager_workers_free(manager);
+                event_queue_cleanup(manager, EVENT_UNDEF);
+
+                manager->monitor = udev_monitor_unref(manager->monitor);
+                manager->ctrl_conn_blocking = udev_ctrl_connection_unref(manager->ctrl_conn_blocking);
+                manager->ctrl = udev_ctrl_unref(manager->ctrl);
+                manager->worker_watch[READ_END] = safe_close(manager->worker_watch[READ_END]);
+
+                manager->ctrl_event = sd_event_source_unref(manager->ctrl_event);
+                manager->uevent_event = sd_event_source_unref(manager->uevent_event);
+                manager->inotify_event = sd_event_source_unref(manager->inotify_event);
+
+                manager->event = sd_event_unref(manager->event);
+
+                sigfillset(&mask);
+                fd_signal = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_NONBLOCK|SFD_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd_signal < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "error creating signalfd %m");
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                ep_signal.data.fd = fd_signal;
+
+                fd_monitor = udev_monitor_get_fd(worker_monitor);
+                ep_monitor.data.fd = fd_monitor;
+
+                fd_ep = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd_ep < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "error creating epoll fd: %m");
+                        goto out;
+                }
+
+                if (epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_signal, &ep_signal) < 0 ||
+                    epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_monitor, &ep_monitor) < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "fail to add fds to epoll: %m");
+                        goto out;
+                }
+
+                /* Request TERM signal if parent exits.
+                   Ignore error, not much we can do in that case. */
+                (void) prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM);
+
+                /* Reset OOM score, we only protect the main daemon. */
+                write_string_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "0", 0);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        struct udev_event *udev_event;
+                        int fd_lock = -1;
+
+                        assert(dev);
+
+                        log_debug("seq %llu running", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev));
+                        udev_event = udev_event_new(dev);
+                        if (udev_event == NULL) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto out;
+                        }
+
+                        if (arg_exec_delay > 0)
+                                udev_event->exec_delay = arg_exec_delay;
+
+                        /*
+                         * Take a shared lock on the device node; this establishes
+                         * a concept of device "ownership" to serialize device
+                         * access. External processes holding an exclusive lock will
+                         * cause udev to skip the event handling; in the case udev
+                         * acquired the lock, the external process can block until
+                         * udev has finished its event handling.
+                         */
+                        if (!streq_ptr(udev_device_get_action(dev), "remove") &&
+                            streq_ptr("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)) &&
+                            !startswith(udev_device_get_sysname(dev), "dm-") &&
+                            !startswith(udev_device_get_sysname(dev), "md")) {
+                                struct udev_device *d = dev;
+
+                                if (streq_ptr("partition", udev_device_get_devtype(d)))
+                                        d = udev_device_get_parent(d);
+
+                                if (d) {
+                                        fd_lock = open(udev_device_get_devnode(d), O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NONBLOCK);
+                                        if (fd_lock >= 0 && flock(fd_lock, LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB) < 0) {
+                                                log_debug_errno(errno, "Unable to flock(%s), skipping event handling: %m", udev_device_get_devnode(d));
+                                                fd_lock = safe_close(fd_lock);
+                                                goto skip;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        /* needed for renaming netifs */
+                        udev_event->rtnl = rtnl;
+
+                        /* apply rules, create node, symlinks */
+                        udev_event_execute_rules(udev_event,
+                                                 arg_event_timeout_usec, arg_event_timeout_warn_usec,
+                                                 &manager->properties,
+                                                 manager->rules);
+
+                        udev_event_execute_run(udev_event,
+                                               arg_event_timeout_usec, arg_event_timeout_warn_usec);
+
+                        if (udev_event->rtnl)
+                                /* in case rtnl was initialized */
+                                rtnl = sd_netlink_ref(udev_event->rtnl);
+
+                        /* apply/restore inotify watch */
+                        if (udev_event->inotify_watch) {
+                                udev_watch_begin(udev, dev);
+                                udev_device_update_db(dev);
+                        }
+
+                        safe_close(fd_lock);
+
+                        /* send processed event back to libudev listeners */
+                        udev_monitor_send_device(worker_monitor, NULL, dev);
+
+skip:
+                        log_debug("seq %llu processed", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev));
+
+                        /* send udevd the result of the event execution */
+                        r = worker_send_message(manager->worker_watch[WRITE_END]);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_error_errno(r, "failed to send result of seq %llu to main daemon: %m",
+                                                udev_device_get_seqnum(dev));
+
+                        udev_device_unref(dev);
+                        dev = NULL;
+
+                        udev_event_unref(udev_event);
+
+                        /* wait for more device messages from main udevd, or term signal */
+                        while (dev == NULL) {
+                                struct epoll_event ev[4];
+                                int fdcount;
+                                int i;
+
+                                fdcount = epoll_wait(fd_ep, ev, ELEMENTSOF(ev), -1);
+                                if (fdcount < 0) {
+                                        if (errno == EINTR)
+                                                continue;
+                                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "failed to poll: %m");
+                                        goto out;
+                                }
+
+                                for (i = 0; i < fdcount; i++) {
+                                        if (ev[i].data.fd == fd_monitor && ev[i].events & EPOLLIN) {
+                                                dev = udev_monitor_receive_device(worker_monitor);
+                                                break;
+                                        } else if (ev[i].data.fd == fd_signal && ev[i].events & EPOLLIN) {
+                                                struct signalfd_siginfo fdsi;
+                                                ssize_t size;
+
+                                                size = read(fd_signal, &fdsi, sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo));
+                                                if (size != sizeof(struct signalfd_siginfo))
+                                                        continue;
+                                                switch (fdsi.ssi_signo) {
+                                                case SIGTERM:
+                                                        goto out;
+                                                }
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+out:
+                udev_device_unref(dev);
+                manager_free(manager);
+                log_close();
+                _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+        }
+        case -1:
+                event->state = EVENT_QUEUED;
+                log_error_errno(errno, "fork of child failed: %m");
+                break;
+        default:
+        {
+                struct worker *worker;
+
+                r = worker_new(&worker, manager, worker_monitor, pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return;
+
+                worker_attach_event(worker, event);
+
+                log_debug("seq %llu forked new worker ["PID_FMT"]", udev_device_get_seqnum(event->dev), pid);
+                break;
+        }
+        }
+}
+
+static void event_run(Manager *manager, struct event *event) {
+        struct worker *worker;
+        Iterator i;
+
+        assert(manager);
+        assert(event);
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(worker, manager->workers, i) {
+                ssize_t count;
+
+                if (worker->state != WORKER_IDLE)
+                        continue;
+
+                count = udev_monitor_send_device(manager->monitor, worker->monitor, event->dev);
+                if (count < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(errno, "worker ["PID_FMT"] did not accept message %zi (%m), kill it",
+                                        worker->pid, count);
+                        kill(worker->pid, SIGKILL);
+                        worker->state = WORKER_KILLED;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                worker_attach_event(worker, event);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (hashmap_size(manager->workers) >= arg_children_max) {
+                if (arg_children_max > 1)
+                        log_debug("maximum number (%i) of children reached", hashmap_size(manager->workers));
+                return;
+        }
+
+        /* start new worker and pass initial device */
+        worker_spawn(manager, event);
+}
+
+static int event_queue_insert(Manager *manager, struct udev_device *dev) {
+        struct event *event;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(manager);
+        assert(dev);
+
+        /* only one process can add events to the queue */
+        if (manager->pid == 0)
+                manager->pid = getpid();
+
+        assert(manager->pid == getpid());
+
+        event = new0(struct event, 1);
+        if (!event)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        event->udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
+        event->manager = manager;
+        event->dev = dev;
+        event->dev_kernel = udev_device_shallow_clone(dev);
+        udev_device_copy_properties(event->dev_kernel, dev);
+        event->seqnum = udev_device_get_seqnum(dev);
+        event->devpath = udev_device_get_devpath(dev);
+        event->devpath_len = strlen(event->devpath);
+        event->devpath_old = udev_device_get_devpath_old(dev);
+        event->devnum = udev_device_get_devnum(dev);
+        event->is_block = streq("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev));
+        event->ifindex = udev_device_get_ifindex(dev);
+
+        log_debug("seq %llu queued, '%s' '%s'", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev),
+             udev_device_get_action(dev), udev_device_get_subsystem(dev));
+
+        event->state = EVENT_QUEUED;
+
+        if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&manager->events)) {
+                r = touch("/run/udev/queue");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "could not touch /run/udev/queue: %m");
+        }
+
+        udev_list_node_append(&event->node, &manager->events);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void manager_kill_workers(Manager *manager) {
+        struct worker *worker;
+        Iterator i;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(worker, manager->workers, i) {
+                if (worker->state == WORKER_KILLED)
+                        continue;
+
+                worker->state = WORKER_KILLED;
+                kill(worker->pid, SIGTERM);
+        }
+}
+
+/* lookup event for identical, parent, child device */
+static bool is_devpath_busy(Manager *manager, struct event *event) {
+        struct udev_list_node *loop;
+        size_t common;
+
+        /* check if queue contains events we depend on */
+        udev_list_node_foreach(loop, &manager->events) {
+                struct event *loop_event = node_to_event(loop);
+
+                /* we already found a later event, earlier can not block us, no need to check again */
+                if (loop_event->seqnum < event->delaying_seqnum)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* event we checked earlier still exists, no need to check again */
+                if (loop_event->seqnum == event->delaying_seqnum)
+                        return true;
+
+                /* found ourself, no later event can block us */
+                if (loop_event->seqnum >= event->seqnum)
+                        break;
+
+                /* check major/minor */
+                if (major(event->devnum) != 0 && event->devnum == loop_event->devnum && event->is_block == loop_event->is_block)
+                        return true;
+
+                /* check network device ifindex */
+                if (event->ifindex != 0 && event->ifindex == loop_event->ifindex)
+                        return true;
+
+                /* check our old name */
+                if (event->devpath_old != NULL && streq(loop_event->devpath, event->devpath_old)) {
+                        event->delaying_seqnum = loop_event->seqnum;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                /* compare devpath */
+                common = MIN(loop_event->devpath_len, event->devpath_len);
+
+                /* one devpath is contained in the other? */
+                if (memcmp(loop_event->devpath, event->devpath, common) != 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* identical device event found */
+                if (loop_event->devpath_len == event->devpath_len) {
+                        /* devices names might have changed/swapped in the meantime */
+                        if (major(event->devnum) != 0 && (event->devnum != loop_event->devnum || event->is_block != loop_event->is_block))
+                                continue;
+                        if (event->ifindex != 0 && event->ifindex != loop_event->ifindex)
+                                continue;
+                        event->delaying_seqnum = loop_event->seqnum;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                /* parent device event found */
+                if (event->devpath[common] == '/') {
+                        event->delaying_seqnum = loop_event->seqnum;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                /* child device event found */
+                if (loop_event->devpath[common] == '/') {
+                        event->delaying_seqnum = loop_event->seqnum;
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+                /* no matching device */
+                continue;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static int on_exit_timeout(sd_event_source *s, uint64_t usec, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        log_error_errno(ETIMEDOUT, "giving up waiting for workers to finish");
+
+        sd_event_exit(manager->event, -ETIMEDOUT);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static void manager_exit(Manager *manager) {
+        uint64_t usec;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        manager->exit = true;
+
+        sd_notify(false,
+                  "STOPPING=1\n"
+                  "STATUS=Starting shutdown...");
+
+        /* close sources of new events and discard buffered events */
+        manager->ctrl_event = sd_event_source_unref(manager->ctrl_event);
+        manager->ctrl = udev_ctrl_unref(manager->ctrl);
+
+        manager->inotify_event = sd_event_source_unref(manager->inotify_event);
+        manager->fd_inotify = safe_close(manager->fd_inotify);
+
+        manager->uevent_event = sd_event_source_unref(manager->uevent_event);
+        manager->monitor = udev_monitor_unref(manager->monitor);
+
+        /* discard queued events and kill workers */
+        event_queue_cleanup(manager, EVENT_QUEUED);
+        manager_kill_workers(manager);
+
+        assert_se(sd_event_now(manager->event, clock_boottime_or_monotonic(), &usec) >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_event_add_time(manager->event, NULL, clock_boottime_or_monotonic(),
+                              usec + 30 * USEC_PER_SEC, USEC_PER_SEC, on_exit_timeout, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return;
+}
+
+/* reload requested, HUP signal received, rules changed, builtin changed */
+static void manager_reload(Manager *manager) {
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        sd_notify(false,
+                  "RELOADING=1\n"
+                  "STATUS=Flushing configuration...");
+
+        manager_kill_workers(manager);
+        manager->rules = udev_rules_unref(manager->rules);
+        udev_builtin_exit(manager->udev);
+
+        sd_notifyf(false,
+                   "READY=1\n"
+                   "STATUS=Processing with %u children at max", arg_children_max);
+}
+
+static void event_queue_start(Manager *manager) {
+        struct udev_list_node *loop;
+        usec_t usec;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&manager->events) ||
+            manager->exit || manager->stop_exec_queue)
+                return;
+
+        assert_se(sd_event_now(manager->event, clock_boottime_or_monotonic(), &usec) >= 0);
+        /* check for changed config, every 3 seconds at most */
+        if (manager->last_usec == 0 ||
+            (usec - manager->last_usec) > 3 * USEC_PER_SEC) {
+                if (udev_rules_check_timestamp(manager->rules) ||
+                    udev_builtin_validate(manager->udev))
+                        manager_reload(manager);
+
+                manager->last_usec = usec;
+        }
+
+        udev_builtin_init(manager->udev);
+
+        if (!manager->rules) {
+                manager->rules = udev_rules_new(manager->udev, arg_resolve_names);
+                if (!manager->rules)
+                        return;
+        }
+
+        udev_list_node_foreach(loop, &manager->events) {
+                struct event *event = node_to_event(loop);
+
+                if (event->state != EVENT_QUEUED)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* do not start event if parent or child event is still running */
+                if (is_devpath_busy(manager, event))
+                        continue;
+
+                event_run(manager, event);
+        }
+}
+
+static void event_queue_cleanup(Manager *manager, enum event_state match_type) {
+        struct udev_list_node *loop, *tmp;
+
+        udev_list_node_foreach_safe(loop, tmp, &manager->events) {
+                struct event *event = node_to_event(loop);
+
+                if (match_type != EVENT_UNDEF && match_type != event->state)
+                        continue;
+
+                event_free(event);
+        }
+}
+
+static int on_worker(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct worker_message msg;
+                struct iovec iovec = {
+                        .iov_base = &msg,
+                        .iov_len = sizeof(msg),
+                };
+                union {
+                        struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
+                        uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred))];
+                } control = {};
+                struct msghdr msghdr = {
+                        .msg_iov = &iovec,
+                        .msg_iovlen = 1,
+                        .msg_control = &control,
+                        .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
+                };
+                struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+                ssize_t size;
+                struct ucred *ucred = NULL;
+                struct worker *worker;
+
+                size = recvmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_DONTWAIT);
+                if (size < 0) {
+                        if (errno == EINTR)
+                                continue;
+                        else if (errno == EAGAIN)
+                                /* nothing more to read */
+                                break;
+
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "failed to receive message: %m");
+                } else if (size != sizeof(struct worker_message)) {
+                        log_warning_errno(EIO, "ignoring worker message with invalid size %zi bytes", size);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, &msghdr) {
+                        if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+                            cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_CREDENTIALS &&
+                            cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred)))
+                                ucred = (struct ucred*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+                }
+
+                if (!ucred || ucred->pid <= 0) {
+                        log_warning_errno(EIO, "ignoring worker message without valid PID");
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* lookup worker who sent the signal */
+                worker = hashmap_get(manager->workers, PID_TO_PTR(ucred->pid));
+                if (!worker) {
+                        log_debug("worker ["PID_FMT"] returned, but is no longer tracked", ucred->pid);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (worker->state != WORKER_KILLED)
+                        worker->state = WORKER_IDLE;
+
+                /* worker returned */
+                event_free(worker->event);
+        }
+
+        /* we have free workers, try to schedule events */
+        event_queue_start(manager);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int on_uevent(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+        struct udev_device *dev;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        dev = udev_monitor_receive_device(manager->monitor);
+        if (dev) {
+                udev_device_ensure_usec_initialized(dev, NULL);
+                r = event_queue_insert(manager, dev);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        udev_device_unref(dev);
+                else
+                        /* we have fresh events, try to schedule them */
+                        event_queue_start(manager);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+/* receive the udevd message from userspace */
+static int on_ctrl_msg(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+        _cleanup_udev_ctrl_connection_unref_ struct udev_ctrl_connection *ctrl_conn = NULL;
+        _cleanup_udev_ctrl_msg_unref_ struct udev_ctrl_msg *ctrl_msg = NULL;
+        const char *str;
+        int i;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        ctrl_conn = udev_ctrl_get_connection(manager->ctrl);
+        if (!ctrl_conn)
+                return 1;
+
+        ctrl_msg = udev_ctrl_receive_msg(ctrl_conn);
+        if (!ctrl_msg)
+                return 1;
+
+        i = udev_ctrl_get_set_log_level(ctrl_msg);
+        if (i >= 0) {
+                log_debug("udevd message (SET_LOG_LEVEL) received, log_priority=%i", i);
+                log_set_max_level(i);
+                manager_kill_workers(manager);
+        }
+
+        if (udev_ctrl_get_stop_exec_queue(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
+                log_debug("udevd message (STOP_EXEC_QUEUE) received");
+                manager->stop_exec_queue = true;
+        }
+
+        if (udev_ctrl_get_start_exec_queue(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
+                log_debug("udevd message (START_EXEC_QUEUE) received");
+                manager->stop_exec_queue = false;
+                event_queue_start(manager);
+        }
+
+        if (udev_ctrl_get_reload(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
+                log_debug("udevd message (RELOAD) received");
+                manager_reload(manager);
+        }
+
+        str = udev_ctrl_get_set_env(ctrl_msg);
+        if (str != NULL) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *key = NULL;
+
+                key = strdup(str);
+                if (key) {
+                        char *val;
+
+                        val = strchr(key, '=');
+                        if (val != NULL) {
+                                val[0] = '\0';
+                                val = &val[1];
+                                if (val[0] == '\0') {
+                                        log_debug("udevd message (ENV) received, unset '%s'", key);
+                                        udev_list_entry_add(&manager->properties, key, NULL);
+                                } else {
+                                        log_debug("udevd message (ENV) received, set '%s=%s'", key, val);
+                                        udev_list_entry_add(&manager->properties, key, val);
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                log_error("wrong key format '%s'", key);
+                }
+                manager_kill_workers(manager);
+        }
+
+        i = udev_ctrl_get_set_children_max(ctrl_msg);
+        if (i >= 0) {
+                log_debug("udevd message (SET_MAX_CHILDREN) received, children_max=%i", i);
+                arg_children_max = i;
+
+                (void) sd_notifyf(false,
+                                  "READY=1\n"
+                                  "STATUS=Processing with %u children at max", arg_children_max);
+        }
+
+        if (udev_ctrl_get_ping(ctrl_msg) > 0)
+                log_debug("udevd message (SYNC) received");
+
+        if (udev_ctrl_get_exit(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
+                log_debug("udevd message (EXIT) received");
+                manager_exit(manager);
+                /* keep reference to block the client until we exit
+                   TODO: deal with several blocking exit requests */
+                manager->ctrl_conn_blocking = udev_ctrl_connection_ref(ctrl_conn);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int synthesize_change(struct udev_device *dev) {
+        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+        int r;
+
+        if (streq_ptr("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)) &&
+            streq_ptr("disk", udev_device_get_devtype(dev)) &&
+            !startswith(udev_device_get_sysname(dev), "dm-")) {
+                bool part_table_read = false;
+                bool has_partitions = false;
+                int fd;
+                struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
+                _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
+                struct udev_list_entry *item;
+
+                /*
+                 * Try to re-read the partition table. This only succeeds if
+                 * none of the devices is busy. The kernel returns 0 if no
+                 * partition table is found, and we will not get an event for
+                 * the disk.
+                 */
+                fd = open(udev_device_get_devnode(dev), O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NONBLOCK);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                        r = flock(fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = ioctl(fd, BLKRRPART, 0);
+
+                        close(fd);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                part_table_read = true;
+                }
+
+                /* search for partitions */
+                e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, dev);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(e, "block");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                udev_list_entry_foreach(item, udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e)) {
+                        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+
+                        d = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
+                        if (!d)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!streq_ptr("partition", udev_device_get_devtype(d)))
+                                continue;
+
+                        has_partitions = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                 * We have partitions and re-read the table, the kernel already sent
+                 * out a "change" event for the disk, and "remove/add" for all
+                 * partitions.
+                 */
+                if (part_table_read && has_partitions)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /*
+                 * We have partitions but re-reading the partition table did not
+                 * work, synthesize "change" for the disk and all partitions.
+                 */
+                log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising 'change'", udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
+                strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), "/uevent", NULL);
+                write_string_file(filename, "change", WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
+
+                udev_list_entry_foreach(item, udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e)) {
+                        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+
+                        d = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
+                        if (!d)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!streq_ptr("partition", udev_device_get_devtype(d)))
+                                continue;
+
+                        log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising partition '%s' 'change'",
+                                  udev_device_get_devnode(dev), udev_device_get_devnode(d));
+                        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(d), "/uevent", NULL);
+                        write_string_file(filename, "change", WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising 'change'", udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
+        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), "/uevent", NULL);
+        write_string_file(filename, "change", WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_inotify(sd_event_source *s, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+        union inotify_event_buffer buffer;
+        struct inotify_event *e;
+        ssize_t l;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        l = read(fd, &buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+        if (l < 0) {
+                if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)
+                        return 1;
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to read inotify fd: %m");
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, l) {
+                _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *dev = NULL;
+
+                dev = udev_watch_lookup(manager->udev, e->wd);
+                if (!dev)
+                        continue;
+
+                log_debug("inotify event: %x for %s", e->mask, udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
+                if (e->mask & IN_CLOSE_WRITE) {
+                        synthesize_change(dev);
+
+                        /* settle might be waiting on us to determine the queue
+                         * state. If we just handled an inotify event, we might have
+                         * generated a "change" event, but we won't have queued up
+                         * the resultant uevent yet. Do that.
+                         */
+                        on_uevent(NULL, -1, 0, manager);
+                } else if (e->mask & IN_IGNORED)
+                        udev_watch_end(manager->udev, dev);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int on_sigterm(sd_event_source *s, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        manager_exit(manager);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int on_sighup(sd_event_source *s, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        manager_reload(manager);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int on_sigchld(sd_event_source *s, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                pid_t pid;
+                int status;
+                struct worker *worker;
+
+                pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG);
+                if (pid <= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                worker = hashmap_get(manager->workers, PID_TO_PTR(pid));
+                if (!worker) {
+                        log_warning("worker ["PID_FMT"] is unknown, ignoring", pid);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+                        if (WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0)
+                                log_debug("worker ["PID_FMT"] exited", pid);
+                        else
+                                log_warning("worker ["PID_FMT"] exited with return code %i", pid, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+                } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+                        log_warning("worker ["PID_FMT"] terminated by signal %i (%s)", pid, WTERMSIG(status), strsignal(WTERMSIG(status)));
+                } else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
+                        log_info("worker ["PID_FMT"] stopped", pid);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (WIFCONTINUED(status)) {
+                        log_info("worker ["PID_FMT"] continued", pid);
+                        continue;
+                } else
+                        log_warning("worker ["PID_FMT"] exit with status 0x%04x", pid, status);
+
+                if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
+                        if (worker->event) {
+                                log_error("worker ["PID_FMT"] failed while handling '%s'", pid, worker->event->devpath);
+                                /* delete state from disk */
+                                udev_device_delete_db(worker->event->dev);
+                                udev_device_tag_index(worker->event->dev, NULL, false);
+                                /* forward kernel event without amending it */
+                                udev_monitor_send_device(manager->monitor, NULL, worker->event->dev_kernel);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                worker_free(worker);
+        }
+
+        /* we can start new workers, try to schedule events */
+        event_queue_start(manager);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int on_post(sd_event_source *s, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *manager = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(manager);
+
+        if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&manager->events)) {
+                /* no pending events */
+                if (!hashmap_isempty(manager->workers)) {
+                        /* there are idle workers */
+                        log_debug("cleanup idle workers");
+                        manager_kill_workers(manager);
+                } else {
+                        /* we are idle */
+                        if (manager->exit) {
+                                r = sd_event_exit(manager->event, 0);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        } else if (manager->cgroup)
+                                /* cleanup possible left-over processes in our cgroup */
+                                cg_kill(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, manager->cgroup, SIGKILL, CGROUP_IGNORE_SELF, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int listen_fds(int *rctrl, int *rnetlink) {
+        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
+        int ctrl_fd = -1, netlink_fd = -1;
+        int fd, n, r;
+
+        assert(rctrl);
+        assert(rnetlink);
+
+        n = sd_listen_fds(true);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        for (fd = SD_LISTEN_FDS_START; fd < n + SD_LISTEN_FDS_START; fd++) {
+                if (sd_is_socket(fd, AF_LOCAL, SOCK_SEQPACKET, -1)) {
+                        if (ctrl_fd >= 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        ctrl_fd = fd;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (sd_is_socket(fd, AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, -1)) {
+                        if (netlink_fd >= 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        netlink_fd = fd;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (ctrl_fd < 0) {
+                _cleanup_udev_ctrl_unref_ struct udev_ctrl *ctrl = NULL;
+
+                udev = udev_new();
+                if (!udev)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                ctrl = udev_ctrl_new(udev);
+                if (!ctrl)
+                        return log_error_errno(EINVAL, "error initializing udev control socket");
+
+                r = udev_ctrl_enable_receiving(ctrl);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(EINVAL, "error binding udev control socket");
+
+                fd = udev_ctrl_get_fd(ctrl);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(EIO, "could not get ctrl fd");
+
+                ctrl_fd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3);
+                if (ctrl_fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "could not dup ctrl fd: %m");
+        }
+
+        if (netlink_fd < 0) {
+                _cleanup_udev_monitor_unref_ struct udev_monitor *monitor = NULL;
+
+                if (!udev) {
+                        udev = udev_new();
+                        if (!udev)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+
+                monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev, "kernel");
+                if (!monitor)
+                        return log_error_errno(EINVAL, "error initializing netlink socket");
+
+                (void) udev_monitor_set_receive_buffer_size(monitor, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+                r = udev_monitor_enable_receiving(monitor);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(EINVAL, "error binding netlink socket");
+
+                fd = udev_monitor_get_fd(monitor);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(netlink_fd, "could not get uevent fd: %m");
+
+                netlink_fd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3);
+                if (ctrl_fd < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "could not dup netlink fd: %m");
+        }
+
+        *rctrl = ctrl_fd;
+        *rnetlink = netlink_fd;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read the kernel command line, in case we need to get into debug mode
+ *   udev.log-priority=<level>                 syslog priority
+ *   udev.children-max=<number of workers>     events are fully serialized if set to 1
+ *   udev.exec-delay=<number of seconds>       delay execution of every executed program
+ *   udev.event-timeout=<number of seconds>    seconds to wait before terminating an event
+ */
+static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value, void *data) {
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(key);
+
+        if (!value)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (streq(key, "udev.log-priority") && value) {
+                r = util_log_priority(value);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        log_set_max_level(r);
+        } else if (streq(key, "udev.event-timeout") && value) {
+                r = safe_atou64(value, &arg_event_timeout_usec);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        arg_event_timeout_usec *= USEC_PER_SEC;
+                        arg_event_timeout_warn_usec = (arg_event_timeout_usec / 3) ? : 1;
+                }
+        } else if (streq(key, "udev.children-max") && value)
+                r = safe_atou(value, &arg_children_max);
+        else if (streq(key, "udev.exec-delay") && value)
+                r = safe_atoi(value, &arg_exec_delay);
+        else if (startswith(key, "udev."))
+                log_warning("Unknown udev kernel command line option \"%s\"", key);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse \"%s=%s\", ignoring: %m", key, value);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+               "Manages devices.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help                   Print this message\n"
+               "     --version                Print version of the program\n"
+               "     --daemon                 Detach and run in the background\n"
+               "     --debug                  Enable debug output\n"
+               "     --children-max=INT       Set maximum number of workers\n"
+               "     --exec-delay=SECONDS     Seconds to wait before executing RUN=\n"
+               "     --event-timeout=SECONDS  Seconds to wait before terminating an event\n"
+               "     --resolve-names=early|late|never\n"
+               "                              When to resolve users and groups\n"
+               , program_invocation_short_name);
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "daemon",             no_argument,            NULL, 'd' },
+                { "debug",              no_argument,            NULL, 'D' },
+                { "children-max",       required_argument,      NULL, 'c' },
+                { "exec-delay",         required_argument,      NULL, 'e' },
+                { "event-timeout",      required_argument,      NULL, 't' },
+                { "resolve-names",      required_argument,      NULL, 'N' },
+                { "help",               no_argument,            NULL, 'h' },
+                { "version",            no_argument,            NULL, 'V' },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int c;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:de:Dt:N:hV", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+                int r;
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'd':
+                        arg_daemonize = true;
+                        break;
+                case 'c':
+                        r = safe_atou(optarg, &arg_children_max);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid --children-max ignored: %s", optarg);
+                        break;
+                case 'e':
+                        r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_exec_delay);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid --exec-delay ignored: %s", optarg);
+                        break;
+                case 't':
+                        r = safe_atou64(optarg, &arg_event_timeout_usec);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid --event-timeout ignored: %s", optarg);
+                        else {
+                                arg_event_timeout_usec *= USEC_PER_SEC;
+                                arg_event_timeout_warn_usec = (arg_event_timeout_usec / 3) ? : 1;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                case 'D':
+                        arg_debug = true;
+                        break;
+                case 'N':
+                        if (streq(optarg, "early")) {
+                                arg_resolve_names = 1;
+                        } else if (streq(optarg, "late")) {
+                                arg_resolve_names = 0;
+                        } else if (streq(optarg, "never")) {
+                                arg_resolve_names = -1;
+                        } else {
+                                log_error("resolve-names must be early, late or never");
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                case 'h':
+                        help();
+                        return 0;
+                case 'V':
+                        printf("%s\n", VERSION);
+                        return 0;
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int manager_new(Manager **ret, int fd_ctrl, int fd_uevent, const char *cgroup) {
+        _cleanup_(manager_freep) Manager *manager = NULL;
+        int r, fd_worker, one = 1;
+
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(fd_ctrl >= 0);
+        assert(fd_uevent >= 0);
+
+        manager = new0(Manager, 1);
+        if (!manager)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        manager->fd_inotify = -1;
+        manager->worker_watch[WRITE_END] = -1;
+        manager->worker_watch[READ_END] = -1;
+
+        manager->udev = udev_new();
+        if (!manager->udev)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "could not allocate udev context: %m");
+
+        udev_builtin_init(manager->udev);
+
+        manager->rules = udev_rules_new(manager->udev, arg_resolve_names);
+        if (!manager->rules)
+                return log_error_errno(ENOMEM, "error reading rules");
+
+        udev_list_node_init(&manager->events);
+        udev_list_init(manager->udev, &manager->properties, true);
+
+        manager->cgroup = cgroup;
+
+        manager->ctrl = udev_ctrl_new_from_fd(manager->udev, fd_ctrl);
+        if (!manager->ctrl)
+                return log_error_errno(EINVAL, "error taking over udev control socket");
+
+        manager->monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink_fd(manager->udev, "kernel", fd_uevent);
+        if (!manager->monitor)
+                return log_error_errno(EINVAL, "error taking over netlink socket");
+
+        /* unnamed socket from workers to the main daemon */
+        r = socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, manager->worker_watch);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "error creating socketpair: %m");
+
+        fd_worker = manager->worker_watch[READ_END];
+
+        r = setsockopt(fd_worker, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &one, sizeof(one));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "could not enable SO_PASSCRED: %m");
+
+        manager->fd_inotify = udev_watch_init(manager->udev);
+        if (manager->fd_inotify < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(ENOMEM, "error initializing inotify");
+
+        udev_watch_restore(manager->udev);
+
+        /* block and listen to all signals on signalfd */
+        assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, SIGTERM, SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGCHLD, -1) >= 0);
+
+        r = sd_event_default(&manager->event);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "could not allocate event loop: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(manager->event, NULL, SIGINT, on_sigterm, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating sigint event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(manager->event, NULL, SIGTERM, on_sigterm, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating sigterm event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(manager->event, NULL, SIGHUP, on_sighup, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating sighup event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(manager->event, NULL, SIGCHLD, on_sigchld, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating sigchld event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_set_watchdog(manager->event, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating watchdog event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_io(manager->event, &manager->ctrl_event, fd_ctrl, EPOLLIN, on_ctrl_msg, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating ctrl event source: %m");
+
+        /* This needs to be after the inotify and uevent handling, to make sure
+         * that the ping is send back after fully processing the pending uevents
+         * (including the synthetic ones we may create due to inotify events).
+         */
+        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(manager->ctrl_event, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IDLE);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "cold not set IDLE event priority for ctrl event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_io(manager->event, &manager->inotify_event, manager->fd_inotify, EPOLLIN, on_inotify, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating inotify event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_io(manager->event, &manager->uevent_event, fd_uevent, EPOLLIN, on_uevent, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating uevent event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_io(manager->event, NULL, fd_worker, EPOLLIN, on_worker, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating worker event source: %m");
+
+        r = sd_event_add_post(manager->event, NULL, on_post, manager);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "error creating post event source: %m");
+
+        *ret = manager;
+        manager = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int run(int fd_ctrl, int fd_uevent, const char *cgroup) {
+        _cleanup_(manager_freep) Manager *manager = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = manager_new(&manager, fd_ctrl, fd_uevent, cgroup);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(r, "failed to allocate manager object: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        r = udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(manager->rules);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "failed to apply permissions on static device nodes: %m");
+
+        (void) sd_notifyf(false,
+                          "READY=1\n"
+                          "STATUS=Processing with %u children at max", arg_children_max);
+
+        r = sd_event_loop(manager->event);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "event loop failed: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        sd_event_get_exit_code(manager->event, &r);
+
+exit:
+        sd_notify(false,
+                  "STOPPING=1\n"
+                  "STATUS=Shutting down...");
+        if (manager)
+                udev_ctrl_cleanup(manager->ctrl);
+        return r;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int fd_ctrl = -1, fd_uevent = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                goto exit;
+
+        r = parse_proc_cmdline(parse_proc_cmdline_item, NULL, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %m");
+
+        if (arg_debug) {
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
+                log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+        }
+
+        if (getuid() != 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(EPERM, "root privileges required");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_children_max == 0) {
+                cpu_set_t cpu_set;
+
+                arg_children_max = 8;
+
+                if (sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set) == 0)
+                        arg_children_max += CPU_COUNT(&cpu_set) * 2;
+
+                log_debug("set children_max to %u", arg_children_max);
+        }
+
+        /* set umask before creating any file/directory */
+        r = chdir("/");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(errno, "could not change dir to /: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        umask(022);
+
+        r = mac_selinux_init();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "could not initialize labelling: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        r = mkdir("/run/udev", 0755);
+        if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
+                r = log_error_errno(errno, "could not create /run/udev: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        dev_setup(NULL, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID);
+
+        if (getppid() == 1) {
+                /* get our own cgroup, we regularly kill everything udev has left behind
+                   we only do this on systemd systems, and only if we are directly spawned
+                   by PID1. otherwise we are not guaranteed to have a dedicated cgroup */
+                r = cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 0, &cgroup);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        if (r == -ENOENT || r == -ENOMEDIUM)
+                                log_debug_errno(r, "did not find dedicated cgroup: %m");
+                        else
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "failed to get cgroup: %m");
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = listen_fds(&fd_ctrl, &fd_uevent);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                r = log_error_errno(r, "could not listen on fds: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_daemonize) {
+                pid_t pid;
+
+                log_info("starting version " VERSION);
+
+                /* connect /dev/null to stdin, stdout, stderr */
+                if (log_get_max_level() < LOG_DEBUG) {
+                        r = make_null_stdio();
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to redirect standard streams to /dev/null: %m");
+                }
+
+
+
+                pid = fork();
+                switch (pid) {
+                case 0:
+                        break;
+                case -1:
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "fork of daemon failed: %m");
+                        goto exit;
+                default:
+                        mac_selinux_finish();
+                        log_close();
+                        _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+                }
+
+                setsid();
+
+                write_string_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "-1000", 0);
+        }
+
+        r = run(fd_ctrl, fd_uevent, cgroup);
+
+exit:
+        mac_selinux_finish();
+        log_close();
+        return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}