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-rw-r--r--man/.gitignore1
l---------man/Makefile1
-rw-r--r--man/binfmt.d.xml124
-rw-r--r--man/bootup.xml226
-rw-r--r--man/crypttab.xml313
-rw-r--r--man/custom-html.xsl50
-rw-r--r--man/daemon.xml949
-rw-r--r--man/halt.xml172
-rw-r--r--man/hostname.xml102
-rw-r--r--man/hostnamectl.xml228
-rw-r--r--man/journalctl.xml533
-rw-r--r--man/journald.conf.xml411
-rw-r--r--man/kernel-command-line.xml295
-rw-r--r--man/locale.conf.xml149
-rw-r--r--man/localectl.xml259
-rw-r--r--man/localtime.xml103
-rw-r--r--man/loginctl.xml474
-rw-r--r--man/logind.conf.xml298
-rw-r--r--man/machine-id.xml145
-rw-r--r--man/machine-info.xml154
-rw-r--r--man/modules-load.d.xml120
-rw-r--r--man/os-release.xml350
-rw-r--r--man/pam_systemd.xml319
-rw-r--r--man/runlevel.xml154
-rw-r--r--man/sd-daemon.xml180
-rw-r--r--man/sd-id128.xml181
-rw-r--r--man/sd-journal.xml130
-rw-r--r--man/sd-login.xml146
-rw-r--r--man/sd-readahead.xml117
-rw-r--r--man/sd_booted.xml128
-rw-r--r--man/sd_get_seats.xml129
-rw-r--r--man/sd_id128_get_machine.xml138
-rw-r--r--man/sd_id128_randomize.xml118
-rw-r--r--man/sd_id128_to_string.xml131
-rw-r--r--man/sd_is_fifo.xml217
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_add_match.xml189
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_get_cursor.xml151
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec.xml142
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_get_data.xml201
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_get_fd.xml272
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_get_realtime_usec.xml146
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_get_usage.xml104
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_next.xml214
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_open.xml184
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_print.xml251
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_query_unique.xml214
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_seek_head.xml178
-rw-r--r--man/sd_journal_stream_fd.xml171
-rw-r--r--man/sd_listen_fds.xml204
-rw-r--r--man/sd_login_monitor_new.xml173
-rw-r--r--man/sd_notify.xml319
-rw-r--r--man/sd_pid_get_session.xml160
-rw-r--r--man/sd_readahead.xml178
-rw-r--r--man/sd_seat_get_active.xml180
-rw-r--r--man/sd_session_is_active.xml240
-rw-r--r--man/sd_uid_get_state.xml190
-rw-r--r--man/shutdown.xml188
-rw-r--r--man/sysctl.d.xml127
-rw-r--r--man/systemctl.xml1268
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-analyze.xml138
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-ask-password-console.service.xml96
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-ask-password.xml183
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-binfmt.service.xml76
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-cat.xml205
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-cgls.xml141
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-cgtop.xml276
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-coredumpctl.xml214
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-cryptsetup-generator.xml147
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-cryptsetup@.service.xml87
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-delta.xml181
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-detect-virt.xml151
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-fsck@.service.xml110
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-fstab-generator.xml118
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-getty-generator.xml90
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-halt.service.xml119
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-hostnamed.service.xml87
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-inhibit.xml205
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-initctl.service.xml76
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-journald.service.xml173
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-localed.service.xml89
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-logind.service.xml133
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-machine-id-setup.xml132
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-modules-load.service.xml101
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-notify.xml218
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-nspawn.xml331
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-quotacheck.service.xml102
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-random-seed-load.service.xml80
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-readahead-replay.service.xml113
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-remount-fs.service.xml87
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-shutdownd.service.xml77
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-suspend.service.xml126
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-sysctl.service.xml78
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-system-update-generator.xml79
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-timedated.service.xml88
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-tmpfiles.xml162
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent.xml166
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-udevd.service.xml168
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service.xml76
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-user-sessions.service.xml77
-rw-r--r--man/systemd-vconsole-setup.service.xml118
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.automount.xml167
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.conf.xml284
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.device.xml168
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.exec.xml1154
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.journal-fields.xml450
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.kill.xml170
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.mount.xml282
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.path.xml220
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.preset.xml204
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.service.xml924
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.snapshot.xml87
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.socket.xml685
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.special.xml817
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.swap.xml213
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.target.xml108
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.timer.xml192
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.unit.xml1084
-rw-r--r--man/systemd.xml1272
-rw-r--r--man/telinit.xml195
-rw-r--r--man/timedatectl.xml293
-rw-r--r--man/tmpfiles.d.xml321
-rw-r--r--man/udev.xml705
-rw-r--r--man/udevadm.xml495
-rw-r--r--man/vconsole.conf.xml147
124 files changed, 29300 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/man/.gitignore b/man/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf8c17cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/systemd.directives.xml
diff --git a/man/Makefile b/man/Makefile
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000..bd1047548b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../src/Makefile \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/man/binfmt.d.xml b/man/binfmt.d.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..07ae0ac231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/binfmt.d.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="binfmt.d">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>binfmt.d</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>binfmt.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>binfmt.d</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure additional binary formats for
+ executables at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/binfmt.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/run/binfmt.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/binfmt.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>At boot,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-binfmt.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ reads configuration files from the above directories
+ to register in the kernel additional binary
+ formats for executables.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Configuration Format</title>
+
+ <para>Each file contains a list of binfmt_misc kernel
+ binary format rules. Consult <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/binfmt_misc.txt">binfmt_misc.txt</ulink>
+ for more information on registration of additional
+ binary formats and how to write rules.</para>
+
+ <para>Empty lines and lines beginning with ; and # are
+ ignored. Note that this means you may not use ; and #
+ as delimiter in binary format rules.</para>
+
+ <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
+ style of <filename>&lt;program&gt;.conf</filename>.
+ Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files
+ with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>
+ and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the
+ same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages
+ should install their configuration files in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>, files in
+ <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local
+ administrator, who may use this logic to override the
+ configuration files installed from vendor
+ packages. All files are sorted by their filename in
+ alphabetical order, regardless in which of the
+ directories they reside, to guarantee that a specific
+ configuration file takes precedence over another file
+ with an alphabetically later name.</para>
+
+ <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
+ configuration file supplied by the vendor the
+ recommended way is to place a symlink to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
+ <filename>/etc/binfmt.d/</filename> bearing the
+ same file name.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+ <example>
+ <title>/etc/binfmt.d/wine.conf example:</title>
+
+ <programlisting># Start WINE on Windows executables
+:DOSWin:M::MZ::/usr/bin/wine:</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-binfmt.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/bootup.xml b/man/bootup.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4cc4bafab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/bootup.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="bootup">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>bootup</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>bootup</refname>
+ <refpurpose>System bootup process</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A number of different components are involved in the
+ system boot. Immediately after power-up, the system
+ BIOS will do minimal hardware initialization, and hand
+ control over to a boot loader stored on a persistent
+ storage device. This boot loader will then invoke an
+ OS kernel from disk (or the network). In the Linux
+ case this kernel now (optionally) extracts and
+ executes an initial RAM disk image (initrd) such as
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dracut</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ which looks for the root file system. After the root
+ file system is found and mounted the initrd hands over
+ control to the system manager (such as
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
+ stored on the OS image which is then responsible for
+ probing all remaining hardware, mounting all necessary
+ file systems and spawning all configured
+ services.</para>
+
+ <para>On shutdown the system manager stops all
+ services, unmounts all file systems (detaching the
+ storage technologies backing them), and then
+ (optionally) jumps back into the initrd code which
+ unmounts/detaches the root file system and the storage
+ it resides on. As last step the system is powered down.</para>
+
+ <para>Additional information about the system boot
+ process may be found in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>System Manager Bootup</title>
+
+ <para>At boot, the system manager on the OS image is
+ responsible for initializing the required file
+ systems, services and drivers that are necessary for
+ operation of the system. On
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ systems this process is split up in various discrete
+ steps which are exposed as target units. (See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for detailed information about target units.) The
+ boot-up process is highly parallelized so that the
+ order in which specific target units are reached is not
+ deterministic, but still adheres to a limited amount
+ of ordering structure.</para>
+
+ <para>When systemd starts up the system it will
+ activate all units that are dependencies of
+ <filename>default.target</filename> (as well as
+ recursively all dependencies of these
+ dependencies). Usually
+ <filename>default.target</filename> is simply an alias
+ of <filename>graphical.target</filename> or
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename> depending on
+ whether the system is configured for a graphical UI or
+ only for a text console. To enforce minimal ordering
+ between the units pulled in a number of well-known
+ target units are available, as listed on
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>The following chart is a structural overview of
+ these well-known units and their position in the
+ boot-up logic. The arrows describe which units are
+ pulled in and ordered before which other units. Units
+ near the top are started before units nearer to the
+ bottom of the chart.</para>
+
+<programlisting>local-fs-pre.target
+ |
+ v
+(various mounts and (various swap (various cryptsetup
+ fsck services...) devices...) devices...) (various low-level (various low-level
+ | | | services: udevd, API VFS mounts:
+ v v v tmpfiles, random mqueue, configfs,
+ local-fs.target swap.target cryptsetup.target seed, sysctl, ...) debugfs, ...)
+ | | | | |
+ \__________________|_________________ | ___________________|____________________/
+ \|/
+ v
+ sysinit.target
+ |
+ _________________/|\___________________
+ / | \
+ | | |
+ v | v
+ (various | rescue.service
+ sockets...) | |
+ | | v
+ v | <emphasis>rescue.target</emphasis>
+ sockets.target |
+ | |
+ \_________________ |
+ \|
+ v
+ basic.target
+ |
+ __________________________________/| emergency.service
+ / | | |
+ | | | v
+ v v v <emphasis>emergency.target</emphasis>
+ display- (various system (various system
+ manager.service services services)
+ | required for |
+ | graphical UIs) v
+ | | <emphasis>multi-user.target</emphasis>
+ | | |
+ \_______________ | _________________/
+ \|/
+ v
+ <emphasis>graphical.target</emphasis></programlisting>
+
+ <para>Target units that are commonly used as boot
+ targets are <emphasis>emphasized</emphasis>. These
+ units are good choices as goal targets, for
+ example by passing them to the
+ <varname>systemd.unit=</varname> kernel command line
+ option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
+ or by symlinking <filename>default.target</filename>
+ to them.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>System Manager Shutdown</title>
+
+ <para>System shutdown also consists of various target
+ units with some minimal ordering structure
+ applied:</para>
+
+
+
+
+<programlisting> (conflicts with (conflicts with
+ all system all file system
+ services) mounts, swaps,
+ | cryptsetup
+ | devices, ...)
+ | |
+ v v
+ shutdown.target umount.target
+ | |
+ \_______ ______/
+ \ /
+ v
+ (various low-level
+ services)
+ |
+ v
+ final.target
+ |
+ _____________________________________/ \_________________________________
+ / | | \
+ | | | |
+ v v v v
+systemd-reboot.service systemd-poweroff.service systemd-halt.service systemd-kexec.service
+ | | | |
+ v v v v
+ <emphasis>reboot.target</emphasis> <emphasis>poweroff.target</emphasis> <emphasis>halt.target</emphasis> <emphasis>kexec.target</emphasis></programlisting>
+
+ <para>Commonly used system shutdown targets are <emphasis>emphasized</emphasis>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/crypttab.xml b/man/crypttab.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2a839944dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/crypttab.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+ This is based on crypttab(5) from Fedora's initscripts package, which in
+ turn is based on Debian's version.
+
+ The Red Hat version has been written by Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>.
+
+-->
+<refentry id="crypttab">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>crypttab</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Documentation</contrib>
+ <firstname>Miloslav</firstname>
+ <surname>Trmac</surname>
+ <email>mitr@redhat.com</email>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Documentation</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>crypttab</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configuration for encrypted block devices</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/crypttab</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> file
+ describes encrypted block devices that are set up
+ during system boot.</para>
+
+ <para>Empty lines and lines starting with the #
+ character are ignored. Each of the remaining lines
+ describes one encrypted block device, fields on the
+ line are delimited by white space. The first two
+ fields are mandatory, the remaining two are
+ optional.</para>
+
+ <para>The first field contains the name of the
+ resulting encrypted block device; the device is set up
+ within <filename>/dev/mapper/</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>The second field contains a path to the
+ underlying block device, or a specification of a block
+ device via <literal>UUID=</literal> followed by the
+ UUID. If the block device contains a LUKS signature,
+ it is opened as a LUKS encrypted partition; otherwise
+ it is assumed to be a raw dm-crypt partition.</para>
+
+ <para>The third field specifies the encryption
+ password. If the field is not present or the password
+ is set to none, the password has to be manually
+ entered during system boot. Otherwise the field is
+ interpreted as a path to a file containing the
+ encryption password. For swap encryption
+ <filename>/dev/urandom</filename> or the hardware
+ device <filename>/dev/hw_random</filename> can be used
+ as the password file; using
+ <filename>/dev/random</filename> may prevent boot
+ completion if the system does not have enough entropy
+ to generate a truly random encryption key.</para>
+
+ <para>The fourth field, if present, is a
+ comma-delimited list of options. The following
+ options are recognized:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>cipher=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the cipher
+ to use; see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for possible values and the default
+ value of this option. A cipher with
+ unpredictable IV values, such as
+ <literal>aes-cbc-essiv:sha256</literal>,
+ is recommended. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>size=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the key size
+ in bits; see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for possible values and the default
+ value of this
+ option. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>keyfile-size=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum number
+ of bytes to read from the keyfile; see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for possible values and the default
+ value of this option. This option is ignored
+ in plain encryption mode, as the keyfile-size is then given by the key size.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>keyfile-offset=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the number
+ of bytes to skip at the start of
+ the keyfile; see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for possible values and the default
+ value of this option.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>hash=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the hash to
+ use for password hashing; see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for possible values and
+ the default value of this
+ option. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>tries=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum
+ number of times the user is queried
+ for a password.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>verify</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para> If the encryption
+ password is read from console, it has
+ to be entered twice (to prevent
+ typos). </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>read-only</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set up the encrypted
+ block device in read-only
+ mode.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>allow-discards</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Allow discard requests
+ to be passed through the encrypted
+ block device. This improves
+ performance on SSD storage but has
+ security
+ implications.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>luks</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Force LUKS mode.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>plain</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Force plain encryption
+ mode.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>timeout=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specify the timeout
+ for querying for a password. If no
+ unit is specified seconds is used.
+ Supported units are s, ms,
+ us, min, h, d.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>noauto</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para> This device will not
+ be automatically unlocked on
+ boot. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>nofail</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The system will not
+ wait for the device to show up and be
+ unlocked at boot, and not fail the
+ boot if it doesn't show
+ up.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>swap</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para> The encrypted block
+ device will be used as a swap
+ partition, and will be formatted as a
+ swap partition after setting up the
+ encrypted block device, with
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>WARNING: Using the
+ <varname>swap</varname> option will
+ destroy the contents of the named
+ partition during every boot, so make
+ sure the underlying block device is
+ specified
+ correctly. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>tmp</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The encrypted block
+ device will be prepared for using it
+ as <filename>/tmp</filename>
+ partition: it will be formatted using
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>WARNING: Using the
+ <varname>tmp</varname> option will
+ destroy the contents of the named
+ partition during every boot, so make
+ sure the underlying block device is
+ specified
+ correctly. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>At early boot and when the system manager
+ configuration is reloaded this file is translated into
+ native systemd units
+ by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+ <example>
+ <title>/etc/crypttab example</title>
+ <para>Set up two encrypted block devices with
+ LUKS: one normal one for storage, and another
+ one for usage as swap device.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>luks-2505567a-9e27-4efe-a4d5-15ad146c258b UUID=2505567a-9e27-4efe-a4d5-15ad146c258b - timeout=0
+swap /dev/sda7 /dev/urandom swap</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/custom-html.xsl b/man/custom-html.xsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..906ddc5572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/custom-html.xsl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
+
+<xsl:import href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/html/docbook.xsl"/>
+
+<!-- translate man page references to links to html pages -->
+<xsl:template match="citerefentry">
+ <a>
+ <xsl:attribute name="href">
+ <xsl:value-of select="refentrytitle"/><xsl:text>.html</xsl:text>
+ </xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:call-template name="inline.charseq"/>
+ </a>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<!-- add Index link at top of page -->
+<xsl:template name="user.header.content">
+ <a>
+ <xsl:attribute name="href">
+ <xsl:text>index.html</xsl:text>
+ </xsl:attribute>
+ <xsl:text>Index </xsl:text>
+ </a>
+ <hr/>
+</xsl:template>
+
+<!-- Switch things to UTF-8, ISO-8859-1 is soo yesteryear -->
+<xsl:output method="html" encoding="UTF-8" indent="no"/>
+
+</xsl:stylesheet>
diff --git a/man/daemon.xml b/man/daemon.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..197138e51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/daemon.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="daemon">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>daemon</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>daemon</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Writing and packaging system daemons</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A daemon is a service process that runs in the
+ background and supervises the system or provides
+ functionality to other processes. Traditionally,
+ daemons are implemented following a scheme originating
+ in SysV Unix. Modern daemons should follow a simpler
+ yet more powerful scheme (here called "new-style"
+ daemons), as implemented by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
+ manual page covers both schemes, and in
+ particular includes recommendations for daemons that
+ shall be included in the systemd init system.</para>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>SysV Daemons</title>
+
+ <para>When a traditional SysV daemon
+ starts, it should execute the following steps
+ as part of the initialization. Note that these
+ steps are unnecessary for new-style daemons (see below),
+ and should only be implemented if compatibility
+ with SysV is essential.</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Close all open file
+ descriptors except STDIN, STDOUT,
+ STDERR (i.e. the first three file
+ descriptors 0, 1, 2). This ensures
+ that no accidentally passed file
+ descriptor stays around in the daemon
+ process. On Linux this is best
+ implemented by iterating through
+ <filename>/proc/self/fd</filename>,
+ with a fallback of iterating from file
+ descriptor 3 to the value returned by
+ <function>getrlimit()</function> for
+ RLIMIT_NOFILE.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reset all signal
+ handlers to their default. This is
+ best done by iterating through the
+ available signals up to the limit of
+ _NSIG and resetting them to
+ SIG_DFL.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reset the signal mask
+ using
+ <function>sigprocmask()</function>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sanitize the
+ environment block, removing or
+ resetting environment variables that
+ might negatively impact daemon
+ runtime.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Call <function>fork()</function>,
+ to create a background
+ process.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the child, call
+ <function>setsid()</function> to
+ detach from any terminal and create an
+ independent session.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the child, call
+ <function>fork()</function> again, to
+ ensure the daemon can never re-acquire
+ a terminal again.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Call <function>exit()</function> in the
+ first child, so that only the second
+ child (the actual daemon process)
+ stays around. This ensures that the
+ daemon process is reparented to
+ init/PID 1, as all daemons should
+ be.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the daemon process,
+ connect <filename>/dev/null</filename>
+ to STDIN, STDOUT,
+ STDERR.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the daemon process,
+ reset the umask to 0, so that the file
+ modes passed to <function>open()</function>, <function>mkdir()</function> and
+ suchlike directly control the access
+ mode of the created files and
+ directories.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the daemon process,
+ change the current directory to the
+ root directory (/), in order to avoid
+ that the daemon involuntarily
+ blocks mount points from being
+ unmounted.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the daemon process,
+ write the daemon PID (as returned by
+ <function>getpid()</function>) to a
+ PID file, for example
+ <filename>/var/run/foobar.pid</filename>
+ (for a hypothetical daemon "foobar"),
+ to ensure that the daemon cannot be
+ started more than once. This must be
+ implemented in race-free fashion so
+ that the PID file is only updated when
+ at the same time it is verified that
+ the PID previously stored in the PID
+ file no longer exists or belongs to a
+ foreign process. Commonly some kind of
+ file locking is employed to implement
+ this logic.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>In the daemon process,
+ drop privileges, if possible and
+ applicable.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>From the daemon
+ process notify the original process
+ started that initialization is
+ complete. This can be implemented via
+ an unnamed pipe or similar
+ communication channel that is created
+ before the first
+ <function>fork()</function> and hence
+ available in both the original and the
+ daemon process.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Call
+ <function>exit()</function> in the
+ original process. The process that
+ invoked the daemon must be able to
+ rely on that this
+ <function>exit()</function> happens
+ after initialization is complete and
+ all external communication channels
+ are established and
+ accessible.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>The BSD <function>daemon()</function> function should not be
+ used, as it implements only a subset of these steps.</para>
+
+ <para>A daemon that needs to provide
+ compatibility with SysV systems should
+ implement the scheme pointed out
+ above. However, it is recommended to make this
+ behavior optional and configurable via a
+ command line argument, to ease debugging as
+ well as to simplify integration into systems
+ using systemd.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>New-Style Daemons</title>
+
+ <para>Modern services for Linux should be
+ implemented as new-style daemons. This makes it
+ easier to supervise and control them at
+ runtime and simplifies their
+ implementation.</para>
+
+ <para>For developing a new-style daemon none
+ of the initialization steps recommended for
+ SysV daemons need to be implemented. New-style
+ init systems such as systemd make all of them
+ redundant. Moreover, since some of these steps
+ interfere with process monitoring, file
+ descriptor passing and other functionality of
+ the init system it is recommended not to
+ execute them when run as new-style
+ service.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that new-style init systems
+ guarantee execution of daemon processes in
+ clean process contexts: it is guaranteed that
+ the environment block is sanitized, that the
+ signal handlers and mask is reset and that no
+ left-over file descriptors are passed. Daemons
+ will be executed in their own session, and
+ STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR connected to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename> unless
+ otherwise configured. The umask is reset.</para>
+
+ <para>It is recommended for new-style daemons
+ to implement the following:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>If SIGTERM is
+ received, shut down the daemon and
+ exit cleanly.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If SIGHUP is received,
+ reload the configuration files, if
+ this applies.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Provide a correct exit
+ code from the main daemon process, as
+ this is used by the init system to
+ detect service errors and problems. It
+ is recommended to follow the exit code
+ scheme as defined in the <ulink
+ url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_3.1.1/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html">LSB
+ recommendations for SysV init
+ scripts</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If possible and
+ applicable expose the daemon's control
+ interface via the D-Bus IPC system and
+ grab a bus name as last step of
+ initialization.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>For integration in
+ systemd, provide a
+ <filename>.service</filename> unit
+ file that carries information about
+ starting, stopping and otherwise
+ maintaining the daemon. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>As much as possible,
+ rely on the init system's
+ functionality to limit the access of
+ the daemon to files, services and
+ other resources. i.e. in the case of
+ systemd, rely on systemd's resource
+ limit control instead of implementing
+ your own, rely on systemd's privilege
+ dropping code instead of implementing
+ it in the daemon, and similar. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the available
+ controls.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If D-Bus is used, make
+ your daemon bus-activatable, via
+ supplying a D-Bus service activation
+ configuration file. This has multiple
+ advantages: your daemon may be started
+ lazily on-demand; it may be started in
+ parallel to other daemons requiring it
+ -- which maximizes parallelization and
+ boot-up speed; your daemon can be
+ restarted on failure, without losing
+ any bus requests, as the bus queues
+ requests for activatable services. See
+ below for details.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If your daemon
+ provides services to other local
+ processes or remote clients via a
+ socket, it should be made
+ socket-activatable following the
+ scheme pointed out below. Like D-Bus
+ activation this enables on-demand
+ starting of services as well as it
+ allows improved parallelization of
+ service start-up. Also, for state-less
+ protocols (such as syslog, DNS) a
+ daemon implementing socket-based
+ activation can be restarted without
+ losing a single request. See below for
+ details.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If applicable a daemon
+ should notify the init system about
+ startup completion or status updates
+ via the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ interface.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Instead of using the
+ <function>syslog()</function> call to log directly to the
+ system syslog service, a new-style daemon may
+ choose to simply log to STDERR via
+ <function>fprintf()</function>, which is then forwarded to
+ syslog by the init system. If log
+ priorities are necessary these can be
+ encoded by prefixing individual log
+ lines with strings like "&lt;4&gt;"
+ (for log priority 4 "WARNING" in the
+ syslog priority scheme), following a
+ similar style as the Linux kernel's
+ <function>printk()</function> priority system. In fact,
+ using this style of logging also
+ enables the init system to optionally
+ direct all application logging to the
+ kernel log buffer (kmsg), as
+ accessible via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
+ kind of logging may be enabled by
+ setting
+ <varname>StandardError=syslog</varname>
+ in the service unit file. For details
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>These recommendations are similar but
+ not identical to the <ulink
+ url="http://developer.apple.com/mac/library/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPSystemStartup/Articles/LaunchOnDemandDaemons.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001762-104738">Apple
+ MacOS X Daemon Requirements</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Activation</title>
+
+ <para>New-style init systems provide multiple
+ additional mechanisms to activate services, as
+ detailed below. It is common that services are
+ configured to be activated via more than one mechanism
+ at the same time. An example for systemd:
+ <filename>bluetoothd.service</filename> might get
+ activated either when Bluetooth hardware is plugged
+ in, or when an application accesses its programming
+ interfaces via D-Bus. Or, a print server daemon might
+ get activated when traffic arrives at an IPP port, or
+ when a printer is plugged in, or when a file is queued
+ in the printer spool directory. Even for services that
+ are intended to be started on system bootup
+ unconditionally it is a good idea to implement some of
+ the various activation schemes outlined below, in
+ order to maximize parallelization: if a daemon
+ implements a D-Bus service or listening socket,
+ implementing the full bus and socket activation scheme
+ allows starting of the daemon with its clients in
+ parallel (which speeds up boot-up), since all its
+ communication channels are established already, and no
+ request is lost because client requests will be queued
+ by the bus system (in case of D-Bus) or the kernel (in
+ case of sockets), until the activation is
+ completed.</para>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Activation on Boot</title>
+
+ <para>Old-style daemons are usually activated
+ exclusively on boot (and manually by the
+ administrator) via SysV init scripts, as
+ detailed in the <ulink
+ url="http://refspecs.freestandards.org/LSB_3.1.1/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/iniscrptact.html">LSB
+ Linux Standard Base Core
+ Specification</ulink>. This method of
+ activation is supported ubiquitously on Linux
+ init systems, both old-style and new-style
+ systems. Among other issues SysV init scripts
+ have the disadvantage of involving shell
+ scripts in the boot process. New-style init
+ systems generally employ updated versions of
+ activation, both during boot-up and during
+ runtime and using more minimal service
+ description files.</para>
+
+ <para>In systemd, if the developer or
+ administrator wants to make sure a service or
+ other unit is activated automatically on boot
+ it is recommended to place a symlink to the
+ unit file in the <filename>.wants/</filename>
+ directory of either
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename> or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>, which
+ are normally used as boot targets at system
+ startup. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about the
+ <filename>.wants/</filename> directories, and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about the two boot targets.</para>
+
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Socket-Based Activation</title>
+
+ <para>In order to maximize the possible
+ parallelization and robustness and simplify
+ configuration and development, it is
+ recommended for all new-style daemons that
+ communicate via listening sockets to employ
+ socket-based activation. In a socket-based
+ activation scheme the creation and binding of
+ the listening socket as primary communication
+ channel of daemons to local (and sometimes
+ remote) clients is moved out of the daemon
+ code and into the init system. Based on
+ per-daemon configuration the init system
+ installs the sockets and then hands them off
+ to the spawned process as soon as the
+ respective daemon is to be started.
+ Optionally activation of the service can be
+ delayed until the first inbound traffic
+ arrives at the socket, to implement on-demand
+ activation of daemons. However, the primary
+ advantage of this scheme is that all providers
+ and all consumers of the sockets can be
+ started in parallel as soon as all sockets
+ are established. In addition to that daemons
+ can be restarted with losing only a minimal
+ number of client transactions or even any
+ client request at all (the latter is
+ particularly true for state-less protocols,
+ such as DNS or syslog), because the socket
+ stays bound and accessible during the restart,
+ and all requests are queued while the daemon
+ cannot process them.</para>
+
+ <para>New-style daemons which support socket
+ activation must be able to receive their
+ sockets from the init system, instead of
+ creating and binding them themselves. For
+ details about the programming interfaces for
+ this scheme provided by systemd see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For
+ details about porting existing daemons to
+ socket-based activation see below. With
+ minimal effort it is possible to implement
+ socket-based activation in addition to
+ traditional internal socket creation in the
+ same codebase in order to support both
+ new-style and old-style init systems from the
+ same daemon binary.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd implements socket-based
+ activation via <filename>.socket</filename>
+ units, which are described in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. When
+ configuring socket units for socket-based
+ activation it is essential that all listening
+ sockets are pulled in by the special target
+ unit <filename>sockets.target</filename>. It
+ is recommended to place a
+ <varname>WantedBy=sockets.target</varname>
+ directive in the <literal>[Install]</literal>
+ section, to automatically add such a
+ dependency on installation of a socket
+ unit. Unless
+ <varname>DefaultDependencies=no</varname> is
+ set the necessary ordering dependencies are
+ implicitly created for all socket units. For
+ more information about
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename> see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It
+ is not necessary or recommended to place any
+ additional dependencies on socket units (for
+ example from
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename> or
+ suchlike) when one is installed in
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Bus-Based Activation</title>
+
+ <para>When the D-Bus IPC system is used for
+ communication with clients, new-style daemons
+ should employ bus activation so that they are
+ automatically activated when a client
+ application accesses their IPC
+ interfaces. This is configured in D-Bus
+ service files (not to be confused with systemd
+ service unit files!). To ensure that D-Bus
+ uses systemd to start-up and maintain the
+ daemon use the
+ <varname>SystemdService=</varname> directive
+ in these service files, to configure the
+ matching systemd service for a D-Bus
+ service. e.g.: for a D-Bus service whose D-Bus
+ activation file is named
+ <filename>org.freedesktop.RealtimeKit.service</filename>,
+ make sure to set
+ <varname>SystemdService=rtkit-daemon.service</varname>
+ in that file, to bind it to the systemd
+ service
+ <filename>rtkit-daemon.service</filename>. This
+ is needed to make sure that the daemon is
+ started in a race-free fashion when activated
+ via multiple mechanisms simultaneously.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Device-Based Activation</title>
+
+ <para>Often, daemons that manage a particular
+ type of hardware should be activated only when
+ the hardware of the respective kind is plugged
+ in or otherwise becomes available. In a
+ new-style init system it is possible to bind
+ activation to hardware plug/unplug events. In
+ systemd, kernel devices appearing in the
+ sysfs/udev device tree can be exposed as units
+ if they are tagged with the string
+ "<literal>systemd</literal>". Like any other
+ kind of unit they may then pull in other units
+ when activated (i.e. Plugged in) and thus
+ implement device-based activation. Systemd
+ dependencies may be encoded in the udev
+ database via the
+ <varname>SYSTEMD_WANTS=</varname>
+ property. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Often it is nicer to pull in
+ services from devices only indirectly via
+ dedicated targets. Example: instead of pulling
+ in <filename>bluetoothd.service</filename>
+ from all the various bluetooth dongles and
+ other hardware available, pull in
+ bluetooth.target from them and
+ <filename>bluetoothd.service</filename> from
+ that target. This provides for nicer
+ abstraction and gives administrators the
+ option to enable
+ <filename>bluetoothd.service</filename> via
+ controlling a
+ <filename>bluetooth.target.wants/</filename>
+ symlink uniformly with a command like
+ <command>enable</command> of
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ instead of manipulating the udev
+ ruleset.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Path-Based Activation</title>
+
+ <para>Often, runtime of daemons processing
+ spool files or directories (such as a printing
+ system) can be delayed until these file system
+ objects change state, or become
+ non-empty. New-style init systems provide a
+ way to bind service activation to file system
+ changes. systemd implements this scheme via
+ path-based activation configured in
+ <filename>.path</filename> units, as outlined
+ in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Timer-Based Activation</title>
+
+ <para>Some daemons that implement clean-up
+ jobs that are intended to be executed in
+ regular intervals benefit from timer-based
+ activation. In systemd, this is implemented
+ via <filename>.timer</filename> units, as
+ described in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Other Forms of Activation</title>
+
+ <para>Other forms of activation have been
+ suggested and implemented in some
+ systems. However, often there are simpler or
+ better alternatives, or they can be put
+ together of combinations of the schemes
+ above. Example: sometimes it appears useful to
+ start daemons or <filename>.socket</filename>
+ units when a specific IP address is configured
+ on a network interface, because network
+ sockets shall be bound to the
+ address. However, an alternative to implement
+ this is by utilizing the Linux IP_FREEBIND
+ socket option, as accessible via
+ <varname>FreeBind=yes</varname> in systemd
+ socket files (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). This option, when enabled,
+ allows sockets to be bound to a non-local, not
+ configured IP address, and hence allows
+ bindings to a particular IP address before it
+ actually becomes available, making such an
+ explicit dependency to the configured address
+ redundant. Another often suggested trigger for
+ service activation is low system
+ load. However, here too, a more convincing
+ approach might be to make proper use of
+ features of the operating system: in
+ particular, the CPU or IO scheduler of
+ Linux. Instead of scheduling jobs from
+ userspace based on monitoring the OS
+ scheduler, it is advisable to leave the
+ scheduling of processes to the OS scheduler
+ itself. systemd provides fine-grained access
+ to the CPU and IO schedulers. If a process
+ executed by the init system shall not
+ negatively impact the amount of CPU or IO
+ bandwidth available to other processes, it
+ should be configured with
+ <varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=idle</varname>
+ and/or
+ <varname>IOSchedulingClass=idle</varname>. Optionally,
+ this may be combined with timer-based
+ activation to schedule background jobs during
+ runtime and with minimal impact on the system,
+ and remove it from the boot phase
+ itself.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Integration with Systemd</title>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Writing Systemd Unit Files</title>
+
+ <para>When writing systemd unit files, it is
+ recommended to consider the following
+ suggestions:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>If possible do not use
+ the <varname>Type=forking</varname>
+ setting in service files. But if you
+ do, make sure to set the PID file path
+ using <varname>PIDFile=</varname>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If your daemon
+ registers a D-Bus name on the bus,
+ make sure to use
+ <varname>Type=dbus</varname> in the
+ service file if
+ possible.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Make sure to set a
+ good human-readable description string
+ with
+ <varname>Description=</varname>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not disable
+ <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>,
+ unless you really know what you do and
+ your unit is involved in early boot or
+ late system shutdown.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Normally, little if
+ any dependencies should need to
+ be defined explicitly. However, if you
+ do configure explicit dependencies, only refer to
+ unit names listed on
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or names introduced by your own
+ package to keep the unit file
+ operating
+ system-independent.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Make sure to include
+ an <literal>[Install]</literal>
+ section including installation
+ information for the unit file. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. To activate your service
+ on boot make sure to add a
+ <varname>WantedBy=multi-user.target</varname>
+ or
+ <varname>WantedBy=graphical.target</varname>
+ directive. To activate your socket on
+ boot, make sure to add
+ <varname>WantedBy=sockets.target</varname>. Usually
+ you also want to make sure that when
+ your service is installed your socket
+ is installed too, hence add
+ <varname>Also=foo.socket</varname> in
+ your service file
+ <filename>foo.service</filename>, for
+ a hypothetical program
+ <filename>foo</filename>.</para></listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Installing Systemd Service Files</title>
+
+ <para>At the build installation time
+ (e.g. <command>make install</command> during
+ package build) packages are recommended to
+ install their systemd unit files in the
+ directory returned by <command>pkg-config
+ systemd
+ --variable=systemdsystemunitdir</command> (for
+ system services) or <command>pkg-config
+ systemd
+ --variable=systemduserunitdir</command>
+ (for user services). This will make the
+ services available in the system on explicit
+ request but not activate them automatically
+ during boot. Optionally, during package
+ installation (e.g. <command>rpm -i</command>
+ by the administrator) symlinks should be
+ created in the systemd configuration
+ directories via the <command>enable</command>
+ command of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool, to activate them automatically on
+ boot.</para>
+
+ <para>Packages using
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>autoconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ are recommended to use a configure script
+ excerpt like the following to determine the
+ unit installation path during source
+ configuration:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>PKG_PROG_PKG_CONFIG
+AC_ARG_WITH([systemdsystemunitdir],
+ AS_HELP_STRING([--with-systemdsystemunitdir=DIR], [Directory for systemd service files]),
+ [], [with_systemdsystemunitdir=$($PKG_CONFIG --variable=systemdsystemunitdir systemd)])
+if test "x$with_systemdsystemunitdir" != xno; then
+ AC_SUBST([systemdsystemunitdir], [$with_systemdsystemunitdir])
+fi
+AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_SYSTEMD, [test -n "$with_systemdsystemunitdir" -a "x$with_systemdsystemunitdir" != xno ])</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This snippet allows automatic
+ installation of the unit files on systemd
+ machines, and optionally allows their
+ installation even on machines lacking
+ systemd. (Modification of this snippet for the
+ user unit directory is left as an exercise for the
+ reader.)</para>
+
+ <para>Additionally, to ensure that
+ <command>make distcheck</command> continues to
+ work, it is recommended to add the following
+ to the top-level <filename>Makefile.am</filename>
+ file in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>automake</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>-based
+ projects:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS = \
+ --with-systemdsystemunitdir=$$dc_install_base/$(systemdsystemunitdir)</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Finally, unit files should be installed in the system with an automake excerpt like the following:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>if HAVE_SYSTEMD
+systemdsystemunit_DATA = \
+ foobar.socket \
+ foobar.service
+endif</programlisting>
+
+ <para>In the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rpm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <filename>.spec</filename> file use snippets
+ like the following to enable/disable the
+ service during
+ installation/deinstallation. This makes use of
+ the RPM macros shipped along systemd. Consult
+ the packaging guidelines of your distribution
+ for details and the equivalent for other
+ package managers.</para>
+
+ <para>At the top of the file:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>BuildRequires: systemd
+%{?systemd_requires}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>And as scriptlets, further down:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>%post
+%systemd_post foobar.service foobar.socket
+
+%preun
+%systemd_preun foobar.service foobar.socket
+
+%postun
+%systemd_postun</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If the service shall be restarted during
+ upgrades replace the
+ <literal>%postun</literal> scriptlet above
+ with the following:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>%postun
+%systemd_postun_with_restart foobar.service</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <literal>%systemd_post</literal> and
+ <literal>%systemd_preun</literal> expect the
+ names of all units that are installed/removed
+ as arguments, separated by
+ spaces. <literal>%systemd_postun</literal>
+ expects no
+ arguments. <literal>%systemd_postun_with_restart</literal>
+ expects the units to restart as
+ arguments.</para>
+
+ <para>To facilitate upgrades from a package
+ version that shipped only SysV init scripts to
+ a package version that ships both a SysV init
+ script and a native systemd service file, use
+ a fragment like the following:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>%triggerun -- foobar &lt; 0.47.11-1
+if /sbin/chkconfig --level 5 foobar ; then
+ /bin/systemctl --no-reload enable foobar.service foobar.socket >/dev/null 2>&amp;1 || :
+fi</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Where 0.47.11-1 is the first package
+ version that includes the native unit
+ file. This fragment will ensure that the first
+ time the unit file is installed it will be
+ enabled if and only if the SysV init script is
+ enabled, thus making sure that the enable
+ status is not changed. Note that
+ <command>chkconfig</command> is a command
+ specific to Fedora which can be used to check
+ whether a SysV init script is enabled. Other
+ operating systems will have to use different
+ commands here.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Porting Existing Daemons</title>
+
+ <para>Since new-style init systems such as systemd are
+ compatible with traditional SysV init systems it is
+ not strictly necessary to port existing daemons to the
+ new style. However doing so offers additional
+ functionality to the daemons as well as simplifying
+ integration into new-style init systems.</para>
+
+ <para>To port an existing SysV compatible daemon the
+ following steps are recommended:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>If not already implemented,
+ add an optional command line switch to the
+ daemon to disable daemonization. This is
+ useful not only for using the daemon in
+ new-style init systems, but also to ease
+ debugging.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If the daemon offers
+ interfaces to other software running on the
+ local system via local AF_UNIX sockets,
+ consider implementing socket-based activation
+ (see above). Usually a minimal patch is
+ sufficient to implement this: Extend the
+ socket creation in the daemon code so that
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is checked for already passed sockets
+ first. If sockets are passed (i.e. when
+ <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> returns a
+ positive value), skip the socket creation step
+ and use the passed sockets. Secondly, ensure
+ that the file-system socket nodes for local
+ AF_UNIX sockets used in the socket-based
+ activation are not removed when the daemon
+ shuts down, if sockets have been
+ passed. Third, if the daemon normally closes
+ all remaining open file descriptors as part of
+ its initialization, the sockets passed from
+ the init system must be spared. Since
+ new-style init systems guarantee that no
+ left-over file descriptors are passed to
+ executed processes, it might be a good choice
+ to simply skip the closing of all remaining
+ open file descriptors if sockets are
+ passed.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Write and install a systemd
+ unit file for the service (and the sockets if
+ socket-based activation is used, as well as a
+ path unit file, if the daemon processes a
+ spool directory), see above for
+ details.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If the daemon exposes
+ interfaces via D-Bus, write and install a
+ D-Bus activation file for the service, see
+ above for details.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/halt.xml b/man/halt.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8473965194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/halt.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="halt">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>halt</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>halt</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>halt</refname>
+ <refname>poweroff</refname>
+ <refname>reboot</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Halt, power-off or reboot the machine</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>halt <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>poweroff <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>reboot <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>halt</command>,
+ <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command>
+ may be used to halt, power-off or reboot the
+ machine.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--halt</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Halt the machine,
+ regardless of which one of the three
+ commands is invoked.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+ <term><option>--poweroff</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Power-off the machine,
+ regardless of which one of the three
+ commands is invoked.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--reboot</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reboot the machine,
+ regardless of which one of the three
+ commands is invoked.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-f</option></term>
+ <term><option>--force</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Force immediate halt,
+ power-off, reboot. Don't contact the
+ init system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-w</option></term>
+ <term><option>--wtmp-only</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Only write wtmp
+ shutdown entry, don't actually halt,
+ power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-d</option></term>
+ <term><option>--no-wtmp</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't write wtmp
+ shutdown entry.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't send wall
+ message before
+ halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These are legacy commands available for
+ compatibility only.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/hostname.xml b/man/hostname.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84a2961664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hostname.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="hostname">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>/etc/hostname</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>hostname</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Local host name configuration file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/hostname</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file
+ configures the name of the local system that is set
+ during boot, with the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ system call. It should contain a single
+ newline-terminated host name string. The
+ host name may be a free-form string up to 64 characters
+ in length, however it is recommended that it consists
+ only of 7bit ASCII lower-case characters and no spaces or dots,
+ and limits itself to the format allowed for DNS domain
+ name labels, even though this is not a
+ strict requirement.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on the operating system other
+ configuration files might be checked for configuration
+ of the host name as well, however only as fallback.</para>
+
+ <para>You may use
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ to change the value of this file from the command
+ line.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>History</title>
+
+ <para>The simple configuration file format of
+ <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> originates from
+ Debian GNU/Linux.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hostnamed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/hostnamectl.xml b/man/hostnamectl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c36f522c8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/hostnamectl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="hostnamectl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>hostnamectl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>hostnamectl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control the system hostname</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>hostnamectl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>hostnamectl</command> may be used to
+ query and change the system hostname and related
+ settings.</para>
+
+ <para>This tool distinguishes three different host
+ names: the high-level "pretty" hostname which might
+ include all kinds of special characters
+ (e.g. "Lennart's Laptop"), the static hostname which
+ is used to initialize the kernel hostname at boot
+ (e.g. "lennarts-laptop"), and the transient hostname
+ which might be assigned temporarily due to network
+ configuration and might revert back to the static
+ hostname if network connectivity is lost and is only
+ temporarily written to the kernel hostname
+ (e.g. "dhcp-47-11").</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the pretty hostname has little
+ restrictions on the characters used, while the static
+ and transient hostnames are limited to the usually
+ accepted characters of internet domain names.</para>
+
+ <para>The static host name is stored in
+ <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. The pretty host name and icon
+ name are stored in
+ <filename>/etc/machine-info</filename>, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't query the user
+ for authentication for privileged
+ operations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-H</option></term>
+ <term><option>--host</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Execute the operation
+ remotely. Specify a hostname, or
+ username and hostname separated by @,
+ to connect to. This will use SSH to
+ talk to a remote
+ system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--static</option></term>
+ <term><option>--transient</option></term>
+ <term><option>--pretty</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <command>set-hostname</command> is
+ invoked and one or more of these
+ options are passed only the selected
+ hostnames is
+ updated.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>status</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show current system
+ hostname and related
+ information.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-hostname [NAME]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system
+ hostname. By default this will alter
+ the pretty, the static, and the
+ transient hostname alike, however if
+ one or more of
+ <option>--static</option>,
+ <option>--transient</option>,
+ <option>--pretty</option> are used
+ only the selected hostnames are
+ changed. If the pretty hostname is
+ being set, and static or transient are
+ being set as well the specified host
+ name will be simplified in regards to
+ the character set used before the
+ latter are updated. This is done by
+ replacing spaces by "-" and removing
+ special characters. This ensures that
+ the pretty and the static hostname
+ are always closely related while still
+ following the validity rules of the
+ specific name. This simplification of
+ the hostname string is not done if
+ only the transient and/or static host
+ names are set, and the pretty host
+ name is left untouched. Pass the empty
+ string "" as hostname to reset the
+ selected hostnames to their default
+ (usually
+ "localhost").</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-icon-name [NAME]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system icon
+ name. The icon name is used by some
+ graphical applications to visualize
+ this host. The icon name should follow
+ the <ulink
+ url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html">Icon
+ Naming Specification</ulink>. Pass an
+ empty string to this operation to
+ reset the icon name to the default
+ value which is determined from the
+ system form factor and possibly other
+ parameters.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hostnamed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/journalctl.xml b/man/journalctl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..026bb22940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/journalctl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="journalctl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>journalctl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>journalctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to
+ query the contents of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ journal as written by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If called without parameter it will show the full
+ contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
+ entry collected.</para>
+
+ <para>If one or more match arguments are passed the
+ output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
+ format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
+ e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
+ referring to the components of a structured journal
+ entry. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
+ are specified matching different fields the log
+ entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
+ will show only entries matching all the specified
+ matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
+ field, then they are automatically matched as
+ alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
+ entries matching any of the specified matches for the
+ same field. Finally, if the character
+ "<literal>+</literal>" appears as separate word on the
+ command line all matches before and after are combined
+ in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
+
+ <para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
+ matches file paths may be specified. If a file path
+ refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
+ <literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized
+ binary path. Similar, if a path refers to a device
+ node, this is equivalent to a
+ <literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the
+ device.</para>
+
+ <para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
+ journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
+ being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
+ system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
+
+ <para>All users are granted access to their private
+ per-user journals. However, by default only root and
+ users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
+ group get access to the system journal and the
+ journals of other users.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--all</option></term>
+ <term><option>-a</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show all fields in
+ full, even if they include unprintable
+ characters or are very
+ long.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--follow</option></term>
+ <term><option>-f</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show only the most recent
+ journal entries, and continuously print
+ new entries as they are appended to
+ the journal.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--lines=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-n</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show the most recent
+ journal events and limit the number of
+ events shown. If
+ <option>--follow</option> is used,
+ this option is implied. The argument,
+ a positive integer, is optional, and
+ defaults to 10. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show all stored output
+ lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
+ effect of
+ <option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--output=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-o</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the
+ formatting of the journal entries that
+ are shown. Takes one of
+ <literal>short</literal>,
+ <literal>short-monotonic</literal>,
+ <literal>verbose</literal>,
+ <literal>export</literal>,
+ <literal>json</literal>,
+ <literal>json-pretty</literal>,
+ <literal>json-sse</literal>,
+ <literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
+ is the default and generates an output
+ that is mostly identical to the
+ formatting of classic syslog log
+ files, showing one line per journal
+ entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>
+ is very similar but shows monotonic
+ timestamps instead of wallclock
+ timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>
+ shows the full structured entry items
+ with all
+ fields. <literal>export</literal>
+ serializes the journal into a binary
+ (but mostly text-based) stream
+ suitable for backups and network
+ transfer (see <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
+ Export Format</ulink> for more
+ information). <literal>json</literal>
+ formats entries as JSON data
+ structures, one per
+ line (see <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
+ JSON Format</ulink> for more
+ information). <literal>json-pretty</literal>
+ also formats entries as JSON data
+ structures, but formats them in
+ multiple lines in order to make them
+ more readable for
+ humans. <literal>json-sse</literal>
+ also formats entries as JSON data
+ structures, but wraps them in a format
+ suitable for <ulink
+ url="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events">Server-Sent
+ Events</ulink>. <literal>cat</literal>
+ generates a very terse output only
+ showing the actual message of each
+ journal entry with no meta data, not
+ even a timestamp.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+ <term><option>-q</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
+ message regarding inaccessible system
+ journals when run as normal
+ user.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--merge</option></term>
+ <term><option>-m</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show entries
+ interleaved from all available
+ journals, including remote
+ ones.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--this-boot</option></term>
+ <term><option>-b</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show data only from
+ current boot. This will add a match
+ for <literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal> for
+ the current boot ID of the
+ kernel.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--unit=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-u</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show data only of the
+ specified unit. This will add a match
+ for <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</literal>
+ for the specified
+ unit.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+ <term><option>--priority=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Filter output by
+ message priorities or priority
+ ranges. Takes either a single numeric
+ or textual log level (i.e. between
+ 0/<literal>emerg</literal> and
+ 7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a
+ range of numeric/text log levels in
+ the form FROM..TO. The log levels are
+ the usual syslog log levels as
+ documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0),
+ <literal>alert</literal> (1),
+ <literal>crit</literal> (2),
+ <literal>err</literal> (3),
+ <literal>warning</literal> (4),
+ <literal>notice</literal> (5),
+ <literal>info</literal> (6),
+ <literal>debug</literal> (7). If a
+ single log level is specified all
+ messages with this log level or a
+ lower (hence more important) log level
+ are shown. If a range is specified all
+ messages within the range are shown,
+ including both the start and the end
+ value of the range. This will add
+ <literal>PRIORITY=</literal> matches
+ for the specified
+ priorities.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--cursor=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-c</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Start showing entries
+ from the location in the journal
+ specified by the passed
+ cursor.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--since=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--until=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Start showing entries
+ on or newer than the specified date,
+ or on or older than the specified
+ date, respectively. Date specifications should be of
+ the format "2012-10-30 18:17:16". If
+ the time part is omitted, 00:00:00 is
+ assumed. If only the seconds component
+ is omitted, :00 is assumed. If the
+ date component is ommitted, the
+ current day is assumed. Alternatively
+ the strings
+ <literal>yesterday</literal>,
+ <literal>today</literal>,
+ <literal>tomorrow</literal> are
+ understood, which refer to 00:00:00 of
+ the day before the current day, the
+ current day, or the day after the
+ current day, respectively. <literal>now</literal>
+ refers to the current time. Finally,
+ relative times may be specified,
+ prefixed with <literal>-</literal> or
+ <literal>+</literal>, referring to
+ times before or after the current
+ time, respectively.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--field=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-F</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Print all possible
+ data values the specified field can
+ take in all entries of the
+ journal.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--directory=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-D</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute
+ directory path as argument. If
+ specified journalctl will operate on the
+ specified journal directory instead of
+ the default runtime and system journal
+ paths.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Instead of showing
+ journal contents generate a new 128
+ bit ID suitable for identifying
+ messages. This is intended for usage
+ by developers who need a new
+ identifier for a new message they
+ introduce and want to make
+ recognizable. Will print the new ID in
+ three different formats which can be
+ copied into source code or
+ similar.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--header</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Instead of showing
+ journal contents show internal header
+ information of the journal fields
+ accessed.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--disk-usage</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shows the current disk
+ usage of all
+ journal files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--setup-keys</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Instead of showing
+ journal contents generate a new key
+ pair for Forward Secure Sealing
+ (FSS). This will generate a sealing
+ key and a verification key. The
+ sealing key is stored in the journal
+ data directory and shall remain on the
+ host. The verification key should be
+ stored externally.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--interval=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the change
+ interval for the sealing key, when
+ generating an FSS key pair with
+ <option>--setup-keys</option>. Shorter
+ intervals increase CPU consumption but
+ shorten the time range of
+ undetectable journal
+ alterations. Defaults to
+ 15min.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--verify</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Check the journal file
+ for internal consistency. If the
+ file has been generated with FSS
+ enabled, and the FSS verification key
+ has been specified with
+ <option>--verify-key=</option>
+ authenticity of the journal file is
+ verified.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--verify-key=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the FSS
+ verification key to use for the
+ <option>--verify</option>
+ operation.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Pager to use when
+ <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
+ overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
+ this to an empty string or the value
+ <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
+ <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Without arguments all collected logs are shown
+ unfiltered:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>
+
+ <para>With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
+
+ <para>If the separator "<literal>+</literal>" is used
+ two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The
+ following will show all messages from the Avahi
+ service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
+ from the D-Bus service (from any of its
+ processes):</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/journald.conf.xml b/man/journald.conf.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..86c9869e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/journald.conf.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="journald.conf">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>journald.conf</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>journald.conf</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Journal service configuration file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>This files configures various parameters of the
+ systemd journal service
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>All options are configured in the
+ <literal>[Journal]</literal> section:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Storage=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls where to
+ store journal data. One of
+ <literal>volatile</literal>,
+ <literal>persistent</literal>,
+ <literal>auto</literal> and
+ <literal>none</literal>. If
+ <literal>volatile</literal> journal
+ log data will be stored only in
+ memory, i.e. below the
+ <filename>/run/log/journal</filename>
+ hierarchy (which is created if
+ needed). If
+ <literal>persistent</literal> data will
+ be stored preferably on disk,
+ i.e. below the
+ <filename>/var/log/journal</filename>
+ hierarchy (which is created if
+ needed), with a fallback to
+ <filename>/run/log/journal</filename>
+ (which is created if needed), during
+ early boot and if the disk is not
+ writable. <literal>auto</literal> is
+ similar to
+ <literal>persistent</literal> but the
+ directory
+ <filename>/var/log/journal</filename>
+ is not created if needed, so that its
+ existence controls where log data
+ goes. <literal>none</literal> turns
+ off all storage, all log data received
+ will be dropped. Forwarding to other
+ targets, such as the console, the
+ kernel log buffer or a syslog daemon
+ will still work however. Defaults to
+ <literal>auto</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Compress=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. If enabled (the default) data
+ objects that shall be stored in the
+ journal and are larger than a certain
+ threshold are compressed with the XZ
+ compression algorithm before they are
+ written to the file
+ system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Seal=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. If enabled (the default) and a
+ sealing key is available (as created
+ by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+ <option>--setup-keys</option>
+ command), forward secure sealing (FSS) for
+ all persistent journal files is
+ enabled.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SplitMode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls whether to
+ split up journal files per user. One
+ of <literal>login</literal>,
+ <literal>uid</literal> and
+ <literal>none</literal>. If
+ <literal>login</literal> each logged
+ in user will get his own journal
+ files, but systemd user IDs will log
+ into the system journal. If
+ <literal>uid</literal> any user ID
+ will get his own journal files
+ regardless whether it belongs to a
+ system service or refers to a real
+ logged in user. If
+ <literal>none</literal> journal files
+ are not split up per-user and all
+ messages are stored in the single
+ system journal. Note that splitting
+ up journal files per-user is only
+ available of journals are stored
+ persistently. If journals are stored
+ on volatile storage (see above) only a
+ single journal file for all user IDs
+ is kept. Defaults to
+ <literal>login</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RateLimitInterval=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RateLimitBurst=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures the rate
+ limiting that is applied to all
+ messages generated on the system. If
+ in the time interval defined by
+ <varname>RateLimitInterval=</varname>
+ more messages than specified in
+ <varname>RateLimitBurst=</varname> are
+ logged by a service all further
+ messages within the interval are
+ dropped, until the interval is over. A
+ message about the number of dropped
+ messages is generated. This rate
+ limiting is applied per-service, so
+ that two services which log do not
+ interfere with each other's
+ limit. Defaults to 200 messages in
+ 10s. The time specification for
+ <varname>RateLimitInterval=</varname>
+ may be specified in the following
+ units: <literal>s</literal>,
+ <literal>min</literal>,
+ <literal>h</literal>,
+ <literal>ms</literal>,
+ <literal>us</literal>. To turn off any
+ kind of rate limiting, set either
+ value to 0.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SystemMaxUse=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SystemKeepFree=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SystemMaxFileSize=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RuntimeMaxUse=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RuntimeKeepFree=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RuntimeMaxFileSize=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enforce size limits on
+ the journal files stored. The options
+ prefixed with
+ <literal>System</literal> apply to the
+ journal files when stored on a
+ persistent file system, more
+ specifically
+ <filename>/var/log/journal</filename>. The
+ options prefixed with
+ <literal>Runtime</literal> apply to
+ the journal files when stored on a
+ volatile in-memory file system, more
+ specifically
+ <filename>/run/log/journal</filename>. The
+ former is used only when
+ <filename>/var</filename> is mounted,
+ writable and the directory
+ <filename>/var/log/journal</filename>
+ exists. Otherwise only the latter
+ applies. Note that this means that
+ during early boot and if the
+ administrator disabled persistent
+ logging only the latter options apply,
+ while the former apply if persistent
+ logging is enabled and the system is
+ fully booted
+ up. <varname>SystemMaxUse=</varname>
+ and <varname>RuntimeMaxUse=</varname>
+ control how much disk space the
+ journal may use up at
+ maximum. Defaults to 10% of the size
+ of the respective file
+ system. <varname>SystemKeepFree=</varname>
+ and
+ <varname>RuntimeKeepFree=</varname>
+ control how much disk space the
+ journal shall always leave free for
+ other uses if less than the disk space
+ configured in
+ <varname>SystemMaxUse=</varname> and
+ <varname>RuntimeMaxUse=</varname> is
+ available. Defaults to 5% of the size
+ of the respective file
+ system. <varname>SystemMaxFileSize=</varname>
+ and
+ <varname>RuntimeMaxFileSize=</varname>
+ control how large individual journal
+ files may grow at maximum. This
+ influences the granularity in which
+ disk space is made available through
+ rotation, i.e. deletion of historic
+ data. Defaults to one eighth of the
+ values configured with
+ <varname>SystemMaxUse=</varname> and
+ <varname>RuntimeMaxUse=</varname>, so
+ that usually seven rotated journal
+ files are kept as history. Specify
+ values in bytes or use K, M, G, T, P,
+ E as units for the specified
+ sizes. Note that size limits are
+ enforced synchronously to journal
+ files as they are extended, and need
+ no explicit rotation step triggered by
+ time.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MaxFileSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The maximum time to
+ store entries in a single journal
+ file, before rotating to the next
+ one. Normally time-based rotation
+ should not be required as size-based
+ rotation with options such as
+ <varname>SystemMaxFileSize=</varname>
+ should be sufficient to ensure that
+ journal files don't grow without
+ bounds. However, to ensure that not
+ too much data is lost at once when old
+ journal files are deleted it might
+ make sense to change this value from
+ the default of one month. Set to 0 to
+ turn off this feature. This setting
+ takes time values which may be
+ suffixed with the units year, month,
+ week, day, h, m to override the
+ default time unit of
+ seconds.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MaxRetentionSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The maximum time to
+ store journal entries. This
+ controls whether journal files
+ containing entries older then the
+ specified time span are
+ deleted. Normally time-based deletion
+ of old journal files should not be
+ required as size-based deletion with
+ options such as
+ <varname>SystemMaxUse=</varname>
+ should be sufficient to ensure that
+ journal files don't grow without
+ bounds. However, to enforce data
+ retention policies it might make sense
+ to change this value from the
+ default of 0 (which turns off this
+ feature). This setting also takes
+ time values which may be suffixed with
+ the units year, month, week, day, h, m
+ to override the default time unit of
+ seconds. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ForwardToSyslog=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ForwardToKMsg=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ForwardToConsole=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Control whether log
+ messages received by the journal
+ daemon shall be forwarded to a
+ traditional syslog daemon, to the
+ kernel log buffer (kmsg), or to the
+ system console. These options take
+ boolean arguments. If forwarding to
+ syslog is enabled but no syslog daemon
+ is running the respective option has
+ no effect. By default only forwarding
+ to syslog is enabled. These settings
+ may be overridden at boot time with
+ the kernel command line options
+ <literal>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</literal>,
+ <literal>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</literal>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MaxLevelStore=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>MaxLevelSyslog=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>MaxLevelKMsg=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>MaxLevelConsole=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the maximum
+ log level of messages that are stored
+ on disk, forwarded to syslog, kmsg or
+ the console (if that is enabled, see
+ above). As argument, takes one of
+ <literal>emerg</literal>,
+ <literal>alert</literal>,
+ <literal>crit</literal>,
+ <literal>err</literal>,
+ <literal>warning</literal>,
+ <literal>notice</literal>,
+ <literal>info</literal>,
+ <literal>debug</literal> or integer
+ values in the range of 0..7 (corresponding
+ to the same levels). Messages equal or below
+ the log level specified are
+ stored/forwarded, messages above are
+ dropped. Defaults to
+ <literal>debug</literal> for
+ <varname>MaxLevelStore=</varname> and
+ <varname>MaxLevelSyslog=</varname>, to
+ ensure that the all messages are
+ written to disk and forwarded to
+ syslog. Defaults to
+ <literal>notice</literal> for
+ <varname>MaxLevelKMsg=</varname> and
+ <literal>info</literal> for
+ <varname>MaxLevelConsole=</varname>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Change the console TTY
+ to use if
+ <varname>ForwardToConsole=yes</varname>
+ is used. Defaults to
+ <filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/kernel-command-line.xml b/man/kernel-command-line.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27f0d4036f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/kernel-command-line.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="kernel-command-line">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>kernel-command-line</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>kernel-command-line</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Kernel command line parameters</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/proc/cmdline</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The kernel, the initial RAM disk (initrd) and
+ basic userspace functionality may be configured at boot via
+ kernel command line arguments.</para>
+
+ <para>For command line parameters understood by the
+ kernel please see <ulink
+ url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt"><filename>kernel-parameters.txt</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>For command line paramaters understood by the
+ initial RAM disk, please see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ or the documentation of the specific initrd
+ implementation of your installation.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Core OS Command Line Arguments</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.dump_core=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.show_status=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_color=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by
+ the system and service manager
+ to control system behavior. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quiet</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameter understood by
+ both the kernel and the system
+ and service manager to control
+ console log verbosity. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>emergency</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>single</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>s</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>S</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>1</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>2</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>3</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>4</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>5</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by
+ the system and service
+ manager, as compatibility
+ options. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by
+ the system and service manager
+ to control locale and language
+ settings. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameter understood by
+ the file system checker
+ services. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameter understood by
+ the file quota checker
+ service. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by
+ the journal service. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.keymap.toggle=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font.map=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font.unimap=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by
+ the virtual console setup logic. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>udev.log-priority=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.log-priority=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>udev.children-max=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.children-max=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>udev.exec-delay=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.exec-delay=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by
+ the device event managing daemon. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>plymouth.enable=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>May be used to disable
+ the Plymouth boot splash. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>luks=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configures the LUKS
+ full-disk encryption logic at
+ boot. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>fstab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configures the
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
+ logic at boot. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>modules-load=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.modules-load=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Load a specific kernel
+ module early at boot. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/locale.conf.xml b/man/locale.conf.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06c0af0bf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/locale.conf.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="locale.conf">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>locale.conf</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>locale.conf</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configuration file for locale settings</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> file
+ configures system-wide locale settings. It is read at
+ early-boot by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>The basic file format of
+ <filename>locale.conf</filename> is a
+ newline-separated list of environment-like
+ shell-compatible variable assignments. It is possible
+ to source the configuration from shell scripts,
+ however, beyond mere variable assignments no shell
+ features are supported, allowing applications to read
+ the file without implementing a shell compatible
+ execution engine.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the kernel command line options
+ <varname>locale.LANG=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname>,
+ <varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname> may be
+ used to override the locale settings at boot.</para>
+
+ <para>The locale settings configured in
+ <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> are system-wide
+ and are inherited by every service or user, unless
+ overridden or unset by individual programs or
+ individual users.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on the operating system other
+ configuration files might be checked for locale
+ configuration as well, however only as
+ fallback.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following locale settings may be set using
+ <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>:
+ <varname>LANG=</varname>,
+ <varname>LANGUAGE=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_CTYPE=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_NUMERIC=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_TIME=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_COLLATE=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_MONETARY=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_MESSAGES=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_PAPER=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_NAME=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_ADDRESS=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_TELEPHONE=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname>,
+ <varname>LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname>. Note that
+ <varname>LC_ALL</varname> may not be configured in
+ this file. For details about the meaning and semantics
+ of these settings, refer to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>German locale with English messages</title>
+
+ <para><filename>/etc/locale.conf:</filename></para>
+
+ <programlisting>LANG=de_DE.UTF-8
+LC_MESSAGES=C</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-localed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/localectl.xml b/man/localectl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..33508cffe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/localectl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="localectl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>localectl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>localectl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>localectl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>localectl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>localectl</command> may be used to
+ query and change the system locale and keyboard layout
+ settings.</para>
+
+ <para>The system locale controls the language settings
+ of system services and of the UI before the user logs
+ in, such as the display manager, as well as the
+ default for users after login.</para>
+
+ <para>The keyboard settings control the keyboard
+ layout used on the text console and of the graphical
+ UI before the user logs in, such as the display
+ manager, as well as the default for users after
+ login.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't query the user
+ for authentication for privileged
+ operations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-H</option></term>
+ <term><option>--host</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Execute the operation
+ remotely. Specify a hostname, or
+ username and hostname separated by @,
+ to connect to. This will use SSH to
+ talk to a remote
+ system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-convert</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <command>set-keymap</command> or
+ <command>set-x11-keymap</command> is
+ invoked and this option is passed then
+ the keymap will not be converted from
+ the console to X11, or X11 to console,
+ respectively.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>status</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show current settings
+ of the system locale and keyboard
+ mapping.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-locale LOCALE...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system
+ locale. This takes one or more
+ assignments such as "LANG=de_DE.utf8",
+ "LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.utf8", and so
+ on. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details on the available settings
+ and their meanings. Use
+ <command>list-locales</command> for a
+ list of available locales (see below).
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-locales</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List available locales
+ useful for configuration with
+ <command>set-locale</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-keymap MAP [TOGGLEMAP]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system
+ keyboard mapping for the console. This
+ takes a keyboard mapping name (such as
+ "de" or "us"), and possibly a second
+ one to define a toggle keyboard
+ mapping. Unless
+ <option>--no-convert</option> is
+ passed the selected setting is also
+ applied to the default keyboard
+ mapping of X11, after converting it to
+ the closest matching X11 keyboard
+ mapping. Use
+ <command>list-locales</command> for a
+ list of available keyboard mappings
+ (see below).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-keymaps</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List available
+ keyboard mappings for the console,
+ useful for configuration with
+ <command>set-keyboard</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-x11-keymap LAYOUT [MODEL] [VARIANT] [OPTIONS]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system default
+ keyboard mapping for X11. This takes a
+ keyboard mapping name (such as "de" or
+ "us"), and possibly a model, variant
+ and options, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Unless
+ <option>--no-convert</option> is
+ passed the selected setting is also
+ applied to the system console keyboard
+ mapping, after converting it to the
+ closest matching console keyboard
+ mapping.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Pager to use when
+ <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
+ overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
+ this to an empty string or the value
+ <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
+ <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loadkeys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kbd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-localed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/localtime.xml b/man/localtime.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88c84a3682
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/localtime.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+ Copyright 2012 Shawn Landden
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="localtime">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>/etc/localtime</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Shawn</firstname>
+ <surname>Landden</surname>
+ <email>shawnlandden@gmail.com</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>localtime</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Local time zone configuration file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/localtime</filename> -> <filename>../usr/share/zoneinfo/…</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file
+ configures the system-wide time zone of the local
+ system that is used by applications for presentation
+ to the user. It should be an absolute or relative
+ symbolic link pointing to
+ <filename>/usr/share/zoneinfo/</filename>, followed by
+ a time zone identifier such as
+ <literal>Europe/Berlin</literal> or
+ <literal>Etc/UTC</literal>. The resulting link should
+ lead to the corresponding binary
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tzfile</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ time zone data for the configured time zone.</para>
+
+ <para>As the time zone identifier is extracted from
+ the symlink target name of
+ <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> this file may not
+ be a normal file or hardlink.</para>
+
+ <para>The time zone may be overridden for individual
+ programs by using the TZ environment variable. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>You may use
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ to change the settings of this file from the command
+ line.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tzset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timedated.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/loginctl.xml b/man/loginctl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5dbc1f6967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/loginctl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="loginctl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>loginctl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>loginctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control the systemd login manager</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>loginctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>loginctl</command> may be used to
+ introspect and control the state of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ login manager <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--property=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When showing
+ session/user properties, limit
+ display to certain properties as
+ specified as argument. If not
+ specified all set properties are
+ shown. The argument should be a
+ property name, such as
+ <literal>Sessions</literal>. If
+ specified more than once all
+ properties with the specified names
+ are shown.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--all</option></term>
+ <term><option>-a</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When showing
+ unit/job/manager properties, show all
+ properties regardless whether they are
+ set or not.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't query the user
+ for authentication for privileged
+ operations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>kill-session</command>,
+ choose which processes to kill. Must
+ be one of <option>leader</option>, or
+ <option>all</option> to select whether
+ to kill only the leader process of the
+ session or all processes of the
+ session. If omitted defaults to
+ <option>all</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--signal=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-s</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>kill-session</command> or
+ <command>kill-user</command>, choose
+ which signal to send to selected
+ processes. Must be one of the well
+ known signal specifiers such as
+ SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGSTOP. If omitted
+ defaults to
+ <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-H</option></term>
+ <term><option>--host</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Execute operation
+ remotely. Specify a hostname, or
+ username and hostname separated by @,
+ to connect to. This will use SSH to
+ talk to the remote login manager
+ instance.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-P</option></term>
+ <term><option>--privileged</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Acquire privileges via
+ PolicyKit before executing the
+ operation.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-sessions</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List current sessions.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>session-status [ID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
+ status information about one or more
+ sessions. This function is intended to
+ generate human-readable output. If you
+ are looking for computer-parsable
+ output, use
+ <command>show-session</command>
+ instead.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show-session [ID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show properties of one
+ or more sessions or the manager
+ itself. If no argument is specified
+ properties of the manager will be
+ shown. If a session ID is specified
+ properties of the session is shown. By
+ default, empty properties are
+ suppressed. Use <option>--all</option>
+ to show those too. To select specific
+ properties to show use
+ <option>--property=</option>. This
+ command is intended to be used
+ whenever computer-parsable output is
+ required. Use
+ <command>session-status</command> if
+ you are looking for formatted
+ human-readable
+ output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>activate [ID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Activate one or more
+ sessions. This brings one or more
+ sessions into the foreground, if
+ another session is currently in the
+ foreground on the respective
+ seat.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>lock-session [ID...]</command></term>
+ <term><command>unlock-session [ID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Activates/deactivates
+ the screen lock on one or more
+ sessions, if the session supports it.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>lock-sessions</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Activate the screen
+ lock on all current sessions
+ supporting it.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>terminate-session [ID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminates a
+ session. This kills all processes of
+ the session and deallocates all
+ resources attached to the
+ session.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>kill-session [ID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Send a signal to one
+ or more processes of the session. Use
+ <option>--kill-who=</option> to select
+ which process to kill. Use
+ <option>--signal=</option> to select
+ the signal to send.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-users</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List currently logged
+ in users.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>user-status [USER...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
+ status information about one or more
+ logged in users. This function is
+ intended to generate human-readable
+ output. If you are looking for
+ computer-parsable output, use
+ <command>show-user</command>
+ instead. Users may be specified by
+ their usernames or numeric user
+ IDs.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show-user [USER...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show properties of one
+ or more users or the manager
+ itself. If no argument is specified
+ properties of the manager will be
+ shown. If a user is specified
+ properties of the user is shown. By
+ default, empty properties are
+ suppressed. Use <option>--all</option>
+ to show those too. To select specific
+ properties to show use
+ <option>--property=</option>. This
+ command is intended to be used
+ whenever computer-parsable output is
+ required. Use
+ <command>user-status</command> if
+ you are looking for formatted
+ human-readable
+ output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>enable-linger [USER...]</command></term>
+ <term><command>disable-linger [USER...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enable/disable user
+ lingering for one or more users. If
+ enabled for a specific user a user
+ manager is spawned for him/her at
+ boot, and kept around after
+ logouts. This allows users who aren't
+ logged in to run long-running
+ services.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>terminate-user [USER...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminates all
+ sessions of a user. This kills all
+ processes of all sessions of the user
+ and deallocates all runtime resources
+ attached to the
+ user.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>kill-user [USER...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Send a signal to all
+ processes of a user. Use
+ <option>--signal=</option> to select
+ the signal to send.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-seats</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List currently
+ available seats on the local
+ system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>seat-status [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
+ status information about one or more
+ seats. This function is
+ intended to generate human-readable
+ output. If you are looking for
+ computer-parsable output, use
+ <command>show-seat</command>
+ instead.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show-seat [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show properties of one
+ or more seats or the manager
+ itself. If no argument is specified
+ properties of the manager will be
+ shown. If a seat is specified
+ properties of the seat are shown. By
+ default, empty properties are
+ suppressed. Use <option>--all</option>
+ to show those too. To select specific
+ properties to show use
+ <option>--property=</option>. This
+ command is intended to be used
+ whenever computer-parsable output is
+ required. Use
+ <command>seat-status</command> if you
+ are looking for formatted
+ human-readable
+ output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>attach [NAME] [DEVICE...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Persistently attach
+ one or more devices to a seat. The
+ devices should be specified via device
+ paths in the <filename>/sys</filename>
+ file system. To create a new seat
+ attach at least one graphics card to a
+ previously unused seat name. Seat
+ names may consist only of a-z, A-Z,
+ 0-9, "-" and "_" and must be prefixed
+ with "seat". To drop assignment of a
+ device to a specific seat just
+ reassign it to a different seat, or
+ use
+ <command>flush-devices</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>flush-devices</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Removes all device
+ assignments previously created with
+ <command>attach</command>. After this
+ call only automatically generated
+ seats will remain and all seat
+ hardware is assigned to
+ them.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>terminate-seat [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminates all
+ sessions on a seat. This kills all
+ processes of all sessions on a seat and
+ deallocates all runtime resources
+ attached to them.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Pager to use when
+ <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
+ overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
+ this to an empty string or the value
+ <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
+ <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/logind.conf.xml b/man/logind.conf.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..df15d51b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/logind.conf.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="logind.conf">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>logind.conf</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>logind.conf</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Login manager configuration file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/systemd/logind.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>This file configures various parameters of the systemd login manager <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>All options are configured in the
+ <literal>[Login]</literal> section:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>NAutoVTs=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a positive
+ integer. Configures how many virtual
+ terminals (VTs) to allocate by default
+ that -- when switched to and
+ previously unused --
+ <literal>autovt</literal> services are
+ automatically spawned on. These
+ services are instantiated from the
+ template unit
+ <filename>autovt@.service</filename>
+ for the respective VT TTY name,
+ e.g. <filename>autovt@tty4.service</filename>. By
+ default
+ <filename>autovt@.service</filename>
+ is linked to
+ <filename>getty@.service</filename>,
+ i.e. login prompts are started
+ dynamically as the user switches to
+ unused virtual terminals. Hence, this
+ parameter controls how many login
+ <literal>gettys</literal> are
+ available on the VTs. If a VT is
+ already used by some other subsystem
+ (for example a graphical login) this
+ kind of activation will not be
+ attempted. Note that the VT configured
+ in <varname>ReserveVT=</varname> is
+ always subject to this kind of
+ activation, even if it is not one of
+ VTs configured with the
+ <varname>NAutoVTs=</varname>
+ directive. Defaults to 6. When set to
+ 0, automatic spawning of
+ <literal>autovt</literal> services is
+ disabled. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ReserveVT=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a positive
+ integer. Configures the number of one
+ virtual terminal that shall
+ unconditionally be reserved for
+ <filename>autovt@.service</filename>
+ activation (see above). The VT
+ selected with this option will be
+ marked busy unconditionally so that no
+ other subsystem will allocate it. This
+ functionality is useful to ensure that
+ regardless how many VTs are allocated
+ by other subsystems one login
+ <literal>getty</literal> is always
+ available. Defaults to 6 (with other
+ words: there'll always be a
+ <literal>getty</literal> available on
+ Alt-F6.). When set to 0, VT
+ reservation is
+ disabled.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>KillUserProcesses=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. Configures whether the
+ processes of a user should be killed
+ when she or he completely logs out (i.e. after
+ her/his last session ended). Defaults to
+ <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>KillOnlyUsers=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>KillExcludeUsers=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>These settings take
+ space separated lists of user names
+ that influence the effect of
+ <varname>KillUserProcesses=</varname>. If
+ not empty only processes of users
+ listed in
+ <varname>KillOnlyUsers</varname> will
+ be killed when they log out
+ entirely. Processes of users listed in
+ <varname>KillExcludeUsers=</varname>
+ are excluded from being
+ killed. <varname>KillExcludeUsers=</varname>
+ defaults to <literal>root</literal>
+ and takes precedence over
+ <varname>KillOnlyUsers=</varname>
+ which defaults to the empty list.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Controllers=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ResetControllers=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>These settings control
+ the default control group hierarchies
+ users logging in are added to. When
+ logging in users will get private
+ control groups in all hierarchies
+ listed in
+ <varname>Controllers=</varname> and be
+ reset to the root control group in all
+ hierarchies listed in
+ <varname>ResetControllers=</varname>. <varname>Controllers=</varname>
+ defaults to the empty list,
+ <varname>ResetControllers=</varname>
+ defaults to
+ <literal>cpu</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>InhibitDelayMaxSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum
+ time a system shutdown or sleep
+ request is delayed due to an inhibitor
+ lock of type <literal>delay</literal>
+ being active -- before it is ignored
+ and the operation executed
+ anyway. Defaults to
+ 5s.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>HandlePowerKey=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>HandleSuspendKey=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>HandleHibernateKey=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>HandleLidSwitch=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls whether
+ logind shall handle the system power
+ and sleep keys and the lid switch to
+ trigger actions such as system
+ power-off or suspend. Can be one of
+ <literal>ignore</literal>,
+ <literal>poweroff</literal>,
+ <literal>reboot</literal>,
+ <literal>halt</literal>,
+ <literal>kexec</literal>,
+ <literal>suspend</literal>,
+ <literal>hibernate</literal>,
+ <literal>hybrid-sleep</literal> and
+ <literal>lock</literal>. If
+ <literal>ignore</literal> logind will
+ never handle these keys. If
+ <literal>lock</literal> all running
+ sessions will be screen
+ locked. Otherwise the specified action
+ will be taken in the respective
+ event. Only input devices with the
+ <literal>power-switch</literal> udev
+ tag will be watched for key/lid switch
+ events. <varname>HandlePowerKey=</varname>
+ defaults to
+ <literal>poweroff</literal>.
+ <varname>HandleSuspendKey=</varname>
+ and
+ <varname>HandleLidSwitch=</varname>
+ default to <literal>suspend</literal>.
+ <varname>HandleHibernateKey=</varname>
+ defaults to
+ <literal>hibernate</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PowerKeyIgnoreInhibited=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SuspendKeyIgnoreInhibited=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>HibernateKeyIgnoreInhibited=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls whether
+ actions triggered by the power and
+ sleep keys and the lid switch are
+ subject to inhibitor locks. These
+ settings take boolean arguments. If
+ <literal>off</literal> the inhibitor
+ locks taken by applications in order
+ to block the requested operation are
+ respected, if <literal>on</literal>
+ the requested operation is executed in
+ any
+ case. <varname>PowerKeyIgnoreInhibited=</varname>,
+ <varname>SuspendKeyIgnoreInhibited=</varname>
+ and
+ <varname>HibernateKeyIgnoreInhibited=</varname>
+ defaults to <literal>off</literal>,
+ <varname>LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=</varname>
+ defaults to
+ <literal>yes</literal>. This means
+ that the lid switch does not respect
+ suspend blockers by default, but the
+ power and sleep keys do.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Note that setting
+ <varname>KillUserProcesses=1</varname> will break tools
+ like
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that <varname>KillUserProcesses=1</varname>
+ is a weaker version of
+ <varname>kill-session-processes=1</varname> which may
+ be configured per-service for
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ latter kills processes of a session as soon as it
+ ends, the former kills processes as soon as the last
+ session of the user ends.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/machine-id.xml b/man/machine-id.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7d424b705b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/machine-id.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="machine-id">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>/etc/machine-id</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>machine-id</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Local machine ID configuration file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/machine-id</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> file
+ contains the unique machine id of the local system
+ that is set during installation. The machine ID is a
+ single newline-terminated, hexadecimal, lowercase 32
+ character machine ID string. (When decoded from
+ hexadecimal this corresponds with a 16 byte/128 bit
+ string.)</para>
+
+ <para>The machine ID is usually generated from a
+ random source during system installation and stays
+ constant for all subsequent boots. Optionally, for
+ stateless systems it is generated during runtime at
+ boot if it is found to be empty.</para>
+
+ <para>The machine ID does not change based on user
+ configuration, or when hardware is replaced.</para>
+
+ <para>This machine ID adheres to the same format and
+ logic as the D-Bus machine ID.</para>
+
+ <para>Programs may use this ID to identify the host
+ with a globally unique ID in the network, that does
+ not change even if the local network configuration
+ changes. Due to this and its greater length it is
+ a more useful replacement for the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call POSIX specifies.</para>
+
+ <para>The
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machine-id-setup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool may be used by installer tools to initialize the
+ machine ID at install time.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Relation to OSF UUIDs</title>
+
+ <para>Note that the machine ID historically is not an
+ OSF UUID as defined by <ulink
+ url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122">RFC
+ 4122</ulink>, nor a Microsoft GUID. Starting with
+ systemd v30 newly generated machine IDs however do
+ qualify as v4 UUIDs.</para>
+
+ <para>In order to maintain compatibility with existing
+ installations, an application requiring a UUID should
+ decode the machine ID, and then apply the following
+ operations to turn it into a valid OSF v4 UUID. With
+ <literal>id</literal> being an unsigned character
+ array:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>/* Set UUID version to 4 --- truly random generation */
+id[6] = (id[6] &amp; 0x0F) | 0x40;
+/* Set the UUID variant to DCE */
+id[8] = (id[8] &amp; 0x3F) | 0x80;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>(This code is inspired by
+ <literal>generate_random_uuid()</literal> of
+ <filename>drivers/char/random.c</filename> from the
+ kernel sources.)</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>History</title>
+
+ <para>The simple configuration file format of
+ <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> originates in the
+ <filename>/var/lib/dbus/machine-id</filename> file
+ introduced by D-Bus. In fact this latter file might be a
+ symlink to
+ <varname>/etc/machine-id</varname>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machine-id-setup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_machine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/machine-info.xml b/man/machine-info.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b310d71334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/machine-info.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="machine-info">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>machine-info</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>machine-info</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Local machine information file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/machine-info</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/machine-info</filename> file
+ contains machine meta data.</para>
+
+ <para>The basic file format of
+ <filename>machine-info</filename> is a
+ newline-separated list of environment-like
+ shell-compatible variable assignments. It is possible
+ to source the configuration from shell scripts,
+ however, beyond mere variable assignments no shell
+ features are supported, allowing applications to read
+ the file without implementing a shell compatible
+ execution engine.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>/etc/machine-info</filename> contains
+ meta data about the machine that is set by the user or
+ administrator.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on the operating system other
+ configuration files might be checked for machine
+ information as well, however only as fallback.</para>
+
+ <para>You may use
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ to change the settings of this file from the command
+ line.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following machine meta data parameters may
+ be set using
+ <filename>/etc/machine-info</filename>:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PRETTY_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A pretty
+ human-readable UTF8 machine identifier
+ string. This should contain a name
+ like <literal>Lennart's
+ Laptop</literal> which is useful to
+ present to the user and does not
+ suffer by the syntax limitations of
+ internet domain names. If possible the
+ internet host name as configured in
+ <filename>/etc/hostname</filename>
+ should be kept similar to this
+ one. Example: if this value is
+ <literal>Lennart's Computer</literal>
+ an Internet host name of
+ <literal>lennarts-computer</literal>
+ might be a good choice. If this
+ parameter is not set an application
+ should fall back to the Internet host
+ name for presentation
+ purposes.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ICON_NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>An icon identifying
+ this machine according to the <ulink
+ url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html">XDG
+ Icon Naming Specification</ulink>. If
+ this parameter is not set an
+ application should fall back to
+ <literal>computer</literal> or a
+ similar icon name.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <programlisting>PRETTY_HOSTNAME="Lennart's Computer"
+ICON_NAME=computer-laptop</programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hostnamed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/modules-load.d.xml b/man/modules-load.d.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcc4d12561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/modules-load.d.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="modules-load.d">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>modules-load.d</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>modules-load.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>modules-load.d</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure kernel modules to load at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/modules-load.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/run/modules-load.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/modules-load.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ reads files from the above directories which contain
+ kernel modules to load during boot in a static list.
+ Each configuration file is named in the style of
+ <filename>/etc/modules-load.d/&lt;program&gt;.conf</filename>. Note
+ that it is usually a better idea to rely on the
+ automatic module loading by PCI IDs, USB IDs, DMI IDs
+ or similar triggers encoded in the kernel modules
+ themselves instead of static configuration like
+ this. In fact, most modern kernel modules are prepared
+ for automatic loading already.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Configuration Format</title>
+
+ <para>The configuration files should simply contain a
+ list of kernel module names to load, separated by
+ newlines. Empty lines and lines whose first
+ non-whitespace character is # or ; are ignored.</para>
+
+ <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
+ style of <filename>&lt;program&gt;.conf</filename>.
+ Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files
+ with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>
+ and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the
+ same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages
+ should install their configuration files in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>, files in
+ <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local
+ administrator, who may use this logic to override the
+ configuration files installed from vendor
+ packages.</para>
+
+ <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
+ configuration file supplied by the vendor the
+ recommended way is to place a symlink to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
+ <filename>/etc/modules-load.d/</filename> bearing the
+ same file name.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+ <example>
+ <title>/etc/modules-load.d/virtio-net.conf example:</title>
+
+ <programlisting># Load virtio-net.ko at boot
+virtio-net</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modprobe</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/os-release.xml b/man/os-release.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98320efe31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/os-release.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="os-release">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>os-release</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>os-release</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> file
+ contains operating system identification data.</para>
+
+ <para>The basic file format of
+ <filename>os-release</filename> is a newline-separated
+ list of environment-like shell-compatible variable
+ assignments. It is possible to source the
+ configuration from shell scripts, however, beyond mere
+ variable assignments no shell features are supported
+ (this means variable expansion is explicitly not
+ supported), allowing applications to read the file
+ without implementing a shell compatible execution
+ engine. Variable assignment values should be enclosed
+ in double or single quotes if they include spaces,
+ semicolons or other special characters outside of A-Z,
+ a-z, 0-9. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and
+ non-printable characters should not be used. If double
+ or single quotes or backslashes are to be used within
+ variable assignments they should be escaped with
+ backslashes, following shell style. It is not
+ supported to concatenate multiple individually quoted
+ strings. Lines beginning with "#" shall be ignored as
+ comments.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename> contains
+ data that is defined by the operating system vendor
+ and should not be changed by the administrator.</para>
+
+ <para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers
+ it should not be localized.</para>
+
+ <para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> might
+ be a symlink to another file, but it is important that
+ the file is available from earliest boot on, and hence
+ must be located on the root file system.</para>
+
+ <para>For a longer rationale for
+ <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> please refer to
+ the <ulink
+ url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
+ <filename>/etc/os-release</filename>:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A string identifying
+ the operating system, without a
+ version component, and suitable for
+ presentation to the user. If not set
+ defaults to
+ <literal>NAME=Linux</literal>. Example:
+ <literal>NAME=Fedora</literal> or
+ <literal>NAME="Debian
+ GNU/Linux"</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A string identifying
+ the operating system version,
+ excluding any OS name information,
+ possibly including a release code
+ name, and suitable for presentation to
+ the user. This field is
+ optional. Example:
+ <literal>VERSION=17</literal> or
+ <literal>VERSION="17 (Beefy
+ Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A lower-case string
+ (no spaces or other characters outside
+ of 0-9, a-z, ".", "_" and "-")
+ identifying the operating system,
+ excluding any version information and
+ suitable for processing by scripts or
+ usage in generated file names. If not
+ set defaults to
+ <literal>ID=linux</literal>. Example:
+ <literal>ID=fedora</literal> or
+ <literal>ID=debian</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A space-separated list
+ of operating system identifiers in the
+ same syntax as the
+ <varname>ID=</varname> setting. Should
+ list identifiers of operating systems
+ that are closely related to the local
+ operating system in regards to
+ packaging and programming interfaces,
+ for example listing one or more
+ OS identifiers the local
+ OS is a derivative from. An
+ OS should generally only list other OS
+ identifiers it itself is a derivative
+ from, and not any OSes that
+ are derived from it, but symmetric
+ relationships are possible. Build
+ scripts and similar should check this
+ variable if they need to identify the
+ local operating system and the value
+ of <varname>ID=</varname> is not
+ recognized. Operating systems should
+ be listed in order of how closely the
+ local operating system relates to the
+ listed ones, starting with the
+ closest. This field is
+ optional. Example: for an operating
+ system with
+ <literal>ID=centos</literal> an
+ assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE="rhel
+ fedora"</literal> would be
+ appropriate. For an operating system
+ with <literal>ID=ubuntu</literal> an
+ assignment of
+ <literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is
+ appropriate.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A lower-case string
+ (mostly numeric, no spaces or other
+ characters outside of 0-9, a-z, ".",
+ "_" and "-") identifying the operating
+ system version, excluding any OS name
+ information or release code name, and
+ suitable for processing by scripts or
+ usage in generated file names. This
+ field is optional. Example:
+ <literal>VERSION_ID=17</literal> or
+ <literal>VERSION_ID=11.04</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A pretty operating
+ system name in a format suitable for
+ presentation to the user. May or may
+ not contain a release code name or OS
+ version of some kind, as suitable. If
+ not set defaults to
+ <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</literal>. Example:
+ <literal>PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy
+ Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A suggested
+ presentation color when showing the
+ OS name on the console. This
+ should be specified as string suitable
+ for inclusion in the ESC [ m
+ ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code for setting
+ graphical rendition. This field is
+ optional. Example:
+ <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal>
+ for red, or
+ <literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal>
+ for light blue.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A CPE name for the
+ operating system, following the <ulink
+ url="http://cpe.mitre.org/specification/">Common
+ Platform Enumeration
+ Specification</ulink> as proposed by
+ the MITRE Corporation. This field
+ is optional. Example:
+ <literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</literal>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Links to resources on
+ the Internet related the operating
+ system. <varname>HOME_URL=</varname>
+ should refer to the homepage of the
+ operating system, or alternatively
+ some homepage of the specific version
+ of the operating
+ system. <varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname>
+ should refer to the main support page
+ for the operating system, if there is
+ any. This is primarily intended for
+ operating systems which vendors
+ provide support
+ for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname>
+ should refer to the main bug reporting
+ page for the operating system, if
+ there is any. This is primarily
+ intended for operating systems that
+ rely on community QA. These settings
+ are optional, and providing only some
+ of these settings is common. These
+ URLs are intended to be exposed in
+ "About this system" UIs behind links
+ with captions such as "About this
+ Operating System", "Obtain Support",
+ and "Report a Bug". The values should
+ be in <ulink
+ url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986
+ format</ulink>, and should be
+ <literal>http:</literal> or
+ <literal>https:</literal> URLs, and
+ possibly <literal>mailto:</literal> or
+ <literal>tel:</literal>. Only one URL
+ shall be listed in each setting. If
+ multiple resources need to be
+ referenced it is recommended to
+ provide an online landing page linking
+ all available resources. Examples:
+ <literal>HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</literal></para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>If you are reading this file from C code or a
+ shell script to determine the OS or a specific version
+ of it, use the ID and VERSION_ID fields, possibly with
+ ID_LIKE as fallback for ID. When looking for an OS
+ identification string for presentation to the user use
+ the PRETTY_NAME field.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that operating system vendors may choose
+ not to provide version information, for example to
+ accommodate for rolling releases. In this case VERSION
+ and VERSION_ID may be unset. Applications should not
+ rely on these fields to be set.</para>
+
+ <para>Operating system vendors may extend the file
+ format and introduce new fields. It is highly
+ recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific
+ name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
+ reading this file must ignore unknown fields. Example:
+ <literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</literal></para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <programlisting>NAME=Fedora
+VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)"
+ID=fedora
+VERSION_ID=17
+PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy Miracle)"
+ANSI_COLOR="0;34"
+CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"
+HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
+BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/pam_systemd.xml b/man/pam_systemd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d2f191487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/pam_systemd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="pam_systemd">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>pam_systemd</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>pam_systemd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Register user sessions in the systemd login manager</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>pam_systemd.so</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>pam_systemd</command> registers user
+ sessions in the systemd login manager
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ and hence the systemd control group hierarchy.</para>
+
+ <para>On login, this module ensures the following:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>If it does not exist yet, the
+ user runtime directory
+ <filename>/run/user/$USER</filename> is
+ created and its ownership changed to the user
+ that is logging in.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>The
+ <varname>$XDG_SESSION_ID</varname> environment
+ variable is initialized. If auditing is
+ available and
+ <command>pam_loginuid.so</command> run before
+ this module (which is highly recommended), the
+ variable is initialized from the auditing
+ session id
+ (<filename>/proc/self/sessionid</filename>). Otherwise
+ an independent session counter is
+ used.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>A new control group
+ <filename>/user/$USER/$XDG_SESSION_ID</filename>
+ is created and the login process moved into
+ it.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>On logout, this module ensures the following:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <varname>$XDG_SESSION_ID</varname> is set and
+ <option>kill-session-processes=1</option> specified, all
+ remaining processes in the
+ <filename>/user/$USER/$XDG_SESSION_ID</filename>
+ control group are killed and the control group
+ is removed.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>If the last subgroup of the
+ <filename>/user/$USER</filename> control group
+ was removed the
+ <varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname> directory
+ and all its contents are
+ removed, too.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>If the system was not booted up with systemd as
+ init system, this module does nothing and immediately
+ returns PAM_SUCCESS.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>kill-session-processes=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, all processes
+ created by the user during his session
+ and from his session will be
+ terminated when he logs out from his
+ session.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>kill-only-users=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a comma
+ separated list of user names or
+ numeric user ids as argument. If this
+ option is used the effect of the
+ <option>kill-session-processes=</option> options
+ will apply only to the listed
+ users. If this option is not used the
+ option applies to all local
+ users. Note that
+ <option>kill-exclude-users=</option>
+ takes precedence over this list and is
+ hence subtracted from the list
+ specified here.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>kill-exclude-users=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a comma
+ separated list of user names or
+ numeric user ids as argument. Users
+ listed in this argument will not be
+ subject to the effect of
+ <option>kill-session-processes=</option>. Note
+ that this option takes precedence
+ over
+ <option>kill-only-users=</option>, and
+ hence whatever is listed for
+ <option>kill-exclude-users=</option>
+ is guaranteed to never be killed by
+ this PAM module, independent of any
+ other configuration
+ setting.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>controllers=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a comma
+ separated list of control group
+ controllers in which hierarchies a
+ user/session control group will be
+ created by default for each user
+ logging in, in addition to the control
+ group in the named 'name=systemd'
+ hierarchy. If omitted, defaults to an
+ empty list.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>reset-controllers=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a comma
+ separated list of control group
+ controllers in which hierarchies the
+ logged in processes will be reset to
+ the root control
+ group.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>debug=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If yes, the module will log
+ debugging information as it
+ operates.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Note that setting
+ <varname>kill-session-processes=1</varname> will break tools
+ like
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>screen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <varname>kill-session-processes=1</varname> is a
+ stricter version of
+ <varname>KillUserProcesses=1</varname> which may be
+ configured system-wide in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ former kills processes of a session as soon as it
+ ends, the latter kills processes as soon as the last
+ session of the user ends.</para>
+
+ <para>If the options are omitted they default to
+ <option>kill-session-processes=0</option>,
+ <option>kill-only-users=</option>,
+ <option>kill-exclude-users=</option>,
+ <option>controllers=</option>,
+ <option>reset-controllers=</option>,
+ <option>debug=no</option>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Module Types Provided</title>
+
+ <para>Only <option>session</option> is provided.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <para>The following environment variables are set for the processes of the user's session:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$XDG_SESSION_ID</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A session identifier,
+ suitable to be used in file names. The
+ string itself should be considered
+ opaque, although often it is just the
+ audit session ID as reported by
+ <filename>/proc/self/sessionid</filename>. Each
+ ID will be assigned only once during
+ machine uptime. It may hence be used
+ to uniquely label files or other
+ resources of this
+ session.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Path to a user-private
+ user-writable directory that is bound
+ to the user login time on the
+ machine. It is automatically created
+ the first time a user logs in and
+ removed on his final logout. If a user
+ logs in twice at the same time, both
+ sessions will see the same
+ <varname>$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</varname>
+ and the same contents. If a user logs
+ in once, then logs out again, and logs
+ in again, the directory contents will
+ have been lost in between, but
+ applications should not rely on this
+ behavior and must be able to deal with
+ stale files. To store session-private
+ data in this directory the user should
+ include the value of <varname>$XDG_SESSION_ID</varname>
+ in the filename. This directory shall
+ be used for runtime file system
+ objects such as AF_UNIX sockets,
+ FIFOs, PID files and similar. It is
+ guaranteed that this directory is
+ local and offers the greatest possible
+ file system feature set the
+ operating system
+ provides.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <programlisting>#%PAM-1.0
+auth required pam_unix.so
+auth required pam_nologin.so
+account required pam_unix.so
+password required pam_unix.so
+session required pam_unix.so
+session required pam_loginuid.so
+session required pam_systemd.so kill-session-processes=1</programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_loginuid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/runlevel.xml b/man/runlevel.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..02d5371c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/runlevel.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="runlevel">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>runlevel</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>runlevel</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>runlevel</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Print previous and current SysV runlevel</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>runlevel <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">options</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>runlevel</command> prints the previous
+ and current SysV runlevel if they are known.</para>
+
+ <para>The two runlevel characters are separated by a
+ single space character. If a runlevel cannot be
+ determined, N is printed instead. If neither can be
+ determined, the word "unknown" is printed.</para>
+
+ <para>Unless overridden in the environment, this will
+ check the utmp database for recent runlevel
+ changes.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following option is understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>If one or both runlevels could be determined, 0
+ is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$RUNLEVEL</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <varname>$RUNLEVEL</varname> is set,
+ <command>runlevel</command> will print
+ this value as current runlevel and
+ ignore utmp.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$PREVLEVEL</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <varname>$PREVLEVEL</varname> is set
+ <command>runlevel</command> will print
+ this value as previous runlevel and
+ ignore utmp.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Files</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>/var/run/utmp</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The utmp database
+ <command>runlevel</command> reads the
+ previous and current runlevel
+ from.</para></listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This is a legacy command available for compatibility
+ only. It should not be used anymore, as the concept of
+ runlevels is obsolete.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd-daemon.xml b/man/sd-daemon.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3bf662fe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd-daemon.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd-daemon">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd-daemon</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd-daemon</refname>
+ <refname>SD_EMERG</refname>
+ <refname>SD_ALERT</refname>
+ <refname>SD_CRIT</refname>
+ <refname>SD_ERR</refname>
+ <refname>SD_WARNING</refname>
+ <refname>SD_NOTICE</refname>
+ <refname>SD_INFO</refname>
+ <refname>SD_DEBUG</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Reference implementation of APIs for
+ new-style daemons</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>pkg-config --cflags --libs libsystemd-daemon</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-daemon.h</filename> provide a reference
+ implementation of various APIs for new-style daemons,
+ as implemented by the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ init system.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_booted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about the functions
+ implemented. In addition to these functions a couple
+ of logging prefixes are defined as macros:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#define SD_EMERG "&lt;0&gt;" /* system is unusable */
+#define SD_ALERT "&lt;1&gt;" /* action must be taken immediately */
+#define SD_CRIT "&lt;2&gt;" /* critical conditions */
+#define SD_ERR "&lt;3&gt;" /* error conditions */
+#define SD_WARNING "&lt;4&gt;" /* warning conditions */
+#define SD_NOTICE "&lt;5&gt;" /* normal but significant condition */
+#define SD_INFO "&lt;6&gt;" /* informational */
+#define SD_DEBUG "&lt;7&gt;" /* debug-level messages */</programlisting>
+
+ <para>These prefixes are intended to be used in
+ conjunction with STDERR-based logging as implemented
+ by systemd. If a systemd service definition file is
+ configured with <varname>StandardError=syslog</varname>
+ or <varname>StandardError=kmsg</varname> these
+ prefixes can be used to encode a log level in lines
+ printed. This is similar to the kernel
+ <function>printk()</function>-style logging. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>klogctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.</para>
+
+ <para>The log levels are identical to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+ log level system. To use these prefixes simply prefix
+ every line with one of these strings. A line that is
+ not prefixed will be logged at the default log level
+ SD_INFO.</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Hello World</title>
+
+ <para>A daemon may log with the log level
+ NOTICE by issuing this call:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>fprintf(stderr, SD_NOTICE "Hello World!\n");</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These interfaces are provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for new-style daemons and
+ distributed with the systemd package. The algorithms
+ they implement are simple, and can easily be
+ reimplemented in daemons if it is important to support
+ this interface without using the reference
+ implementation. See the respective function man pages
+ for details.</para>
+
+ <para>In addition, for details about the algorithms
+ check the liberally licensed reference implementation
+ sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/libsystemd-daemon/sd-daemon.c"/>
+ and <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-daemon.h"/></para>
+
+ <para>These APIs are implemented in the reference
+ implementation's <filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-daemon.h</filename> files. These
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-daemon</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file. Alternatively, applications consuming these APIs
+ may copy the implementation into their source tree,
+ either verbatim or in excerpts.</para>
+
+ <para>The functions directly related to new-style
+ daemons become NOPs when -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set
+ during compilation and the reference implementation is
+ used as drop-in files. In addition, if
+ <filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> is compiled on
+ non-Linux systems they become NOPs.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_booted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fprintf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd-id128.xml b/man/sd-id128.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac2000e275
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd-id128.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd-id128">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd-id128</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd-id128</refname>
+ <refname>sd_id128_t</refname>
+ <refname>SD_ID128_MAKE</refname>
+ <refname>SD_ID128_CONST_STR</refname>
+ <refname>SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR</refname>
+ <refname>SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL</refname>
+ <refname>sd_id128_equal</refname>
+ <refpurpose>APIs for processing 128 bit IDs</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-id128.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>pkg-config --cflags --libs libsystemd-id128</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>sd-id128.h</filename> provides APIs to
+ process and generate 128 bit ID values. The 128 bit ID
+ values processed and generated by these APIs are a
+ generalization of OSF UUIDs as defined by <ulink
+ url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122">RFC
+ 4122</ulink>, though use a simpler string
+ formatting. These functions impose no structure on the
+ used IDs, much unlike OSF UUIDs or Microsoft GUIDs,
+ but are fully compatible with those types of IDs.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_to_string</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_randomize</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_machine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about the implemented
+ functions.</para>
+
+ <para>A 128 bit ID is implemented as the following
+ union type:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>typedef union sd_id128 {
+ uint8_t bytes[16];
+ uint64_t qwords[2];
+} sd_id128_t;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This union type allows accessing the 128 bit ID
+ as 16 separate bytes or two 64 bit words. It is generally
+ safer to access the ID components by their 8 bit array
+ to avoid endianness issues. This union is intended to
+ be passed call-by-value (as opposed to
+ call-by-reference) and may be directly manipulated by
+ clients.</para>
+
+ <para>A couple of macros are defined to denote and
+ decode 128 bit IDs:</para>
+
+ <para><function>SD_ID128_MAKE()</function> may be used
+ to denote a constant 128 bit ID in source code. A
+ commonly used idiom is to assign a name to a 128 bit
+ ID using this macro:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#define SD_MESSAGE_COREDUMP SD_ID128_MAKE(fc,2e,22,bc,6e,e6,47,b6,b9,07,29,ab,34,a2,50,b1)</programlisting>
+
+ <para><function>SD_ID128_CONST_STR()</function> may be
+ used to convert constant 128bit IDs into constant
+ strings for output. The following example code will
+ output the string
+ "fc2e22bc6ee647b6b90729ab34a250b1":</para>
+ <programlisting>int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ puts(SD_ID128_CONST_STR(SD_MESSAGE_COREDUMP));
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para><function>SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR</function> and
+ <function>SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL()</function> may be used
+ to format a 128 bit ID in a
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>printf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ format string, as shown in the following
+ example:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ sd_id128_t id;
+ id = SD_ID128_MAKE(ee,89,be,71,bd,6e,43,d6,91,e6,c5,5d,eb,03,02,07);
+ printf("The ID encoded in this C file is " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
+ return 0;
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Use <function>sd_id128_equal()</function> to compare two 128 bit IDs:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ sd_id128_t a, b, c;
+ a = SD_ID128_MAKE(ee,89,be,71,bd,6e,43,d6,91,e6,c5,5d,eb,03,02,07);
+ b = SD_ID128_MAKE(f2,28,88,9c,5f,09,44,15,9d,d7,04,77,58,cb,e7,3e);
+ c = a;
+ assert(sd_id128_equal(a, c));
+ assert(!sd_id128_equal(a, b));
+ return 0;
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Note that new, randomized IDs may be generated
+ with
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+ <literal>--new-id</literal> option.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These APIs are implemented as a shared library,
+ which can be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-id128</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_to_string</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_randomize</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_machine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>printf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd-journal.xml b/man/sd-journal.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1beb9a5c7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd-journal.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd-journal">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd-journal</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd-journal</refname>
+ <refpurpose>APIs for submitting and querying log entries to and from the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>pkg-config --cflags --libs libsystemd-journal</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>sd-journal.h</filename> provides APIs
+ to submit and query log entries. The APIs exposed act
+ both as client for the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ journal service and as parser for the journal files
+ on disk.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_print</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_stream_fd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_head</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_cutoff_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_usage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_fd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about the functions
+ implemented.</para>
+
+ <para>Command line access for submitting entries to
+ the journal is available with the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool. Command line access for querying entries from
+ the journal is available with the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These APIs are implemented as shared library,
+ which can be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_print</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_stream_fd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_head</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_cutoff_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_usage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_fd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_query_unique</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd-login.xml b/man/sd-login.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c02ad0c146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd-login.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd-login">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd-login</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd-login</refname>
+ <refpurpose>APIs for
+ tracking logins</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>pkg-config --cflags --libs libsystemd-login</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>sd-login.h</filename> provides APIs to
+ introspect and monitor seat, login session and user
+ status information on the local system. </para>
+
+ <para>See <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/multiseat">Multi-Seat
+ on Linux</ulink> for an introduction into multi-seat
+ support on Linux, the background for this set of APIs.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these APIs only allow purely passive access
+ and monitoring of seats, sessions and users. To
+ actively make changes to the seat configuration,
+ terminate login sessions, or switch session on a seat
+ you need to utilize the D-Bus API of
+ systemd-logind, instead.</para>
+
+ <para>These functions synchronously access data in
+ <filename>/proc</filename>,
+ <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup</filename> and
+ <filename>/run</filename>. All of these are virtual
+ file systems, hence the runtime cost of the accesses
+ is relatively cheap.</para>
+
+ <para>It is possible (and often a very good choice) to
+ mix calls to the synchronous interface of
+ <filename>sd-login.h</filename> with the asynchronous
+ D-Bus interface of systemd-logind. However, if this is
+ done you need to think a bit about possible races
+ since the stream of events from D-Bus and from
+ <filename>sd-login.h</filename> interfaces such as the
+ login monitor are asynchronous and not ordered against
+ each other.</para>
+
+ <para>If the functions return string arrays, these are
+ generally NULL terminated and need to be freed by the
+ caller with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use, including the strings referenced
+ therein. Similar, individual strings returned need to
+ be freed, as well.</para>
+
+ <para>As a special exception, instead of an empty
+ string array NULL may be returned, which should be
+ treated equivalent to an empty string array.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_pid_get_session</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_uid_get_state</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_session_is_active</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_seat_get_active</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_get_seats</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_login_monitor_new</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about the functions
+ implemented.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These APIs are implemented as shared library,
+ which can be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_pid_get_session</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_uid_get_state</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_session_is_active</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_seat_get_active</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_get_seats</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_login_monitor_new</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd-readahead.xml b/man/sd-readahead.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cebaa5da2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd-readahead.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd-daemon">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd-readahead</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd-readahead</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd-readahead</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Reference implementation of APIs for
+ controlling boot-time read-ahead</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include "sd-readahead.h"</funcsynopsisinfo>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>sd-readahead.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-readahead.h</filename> provide a
+ reference implementation for APIs for controlling boot-time
+ read-ahead, as implemented by the read-ahead subsystem
+ of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ init system.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about the function
+ implemented.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This interface is provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for controlling boot-time
+ read-ahead and distributed with the systemd
+ package. The algorithms it implements are simple, and
+ can easily be reimplemented in daemons if it is
+ important to support this interface without using the
+ reference implementation. See the respective function
+ man pages for details.</para>
+
+ <para>In addition, for details about the algorithms
+ check the liberally licensed reference implementation
+ sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/readahead/sd-readahead.c"/>
+ and <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-readahead.h"/></para>
+
+ <para>These APIs are implemented in the reference
+ implementation's drop-in
+ <filename>sd-readahead.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-readahead.h</filename> files. It is
+ recommended that applications consuming these APIs copy
+ the implementation into their source tree, either
+ verbatim or in excerpts. These interfaces are
+ currently not available in a dynamic library.</para>
+
+ <para>The functions provided by this interface become
+ NOPs when -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set during
+ compilation. In addition, if
+ <filename>sd-readhead.c</filename> is compiled on
+ non-Linux systems it becomes NOPs.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_booted.xml b/man/sd_booted.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34f2cbfbc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_booted.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_booted">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_booted</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_booted</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_booted</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Test whether the system is running the systemd init system</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_booted</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>void</paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para><function>sd_booted()</function> checks whether
+ the system was booted up using the systemd init system.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On failure, this call returns a negative
+ errno-style error code. If the system was booted up
+ with systemd as init system, this call returns a
+ positive return value, zero otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This function is provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for new-style daemons and
+ distributed with the systemd package. The algorithm it
+ implements is simple, and can easily be reimplemented
+ in daemons if it is important to support this
+ interface without using the reference
+ implementation.</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, this function checks whether the
+ <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd</filename> virtual file
+ system is mounted, by comparing the st_dev value of
+ the <function>stat()</function> data of
+ <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup</filename> and
+ <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>For details about the algorithm check the
+ liberally licensed reference implementation sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/libsystemd-daemon/sd-daemon.c"/>
+ and <ulink
+ url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-daemon.h"/></para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_booted()</function> is implemented
+ in the reference implementation's
+ <filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-daemon.h</filename> files. These
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-daemon</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file. Alternatively, applications consuming these APIs
+ may copy the implementation into their source
+ tree. For more details about the reference
+ implementation see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If the reference implementation is used as
+ drop-in files and -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set during
+ compilation this function will always return 0 and
+ otherwise become a NOP.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_get_seats.xml b/man/sd_get_seats.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17adcef745
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_get_seats.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_get_seats">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_get_seats</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_get_seats</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_get_seats</refname>
+ <refname>sd_get_sessions</refname>
+ <refname>sd_get_uids</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Determine available seats, sessions and logged in users</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_get_seats</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>char*** <parameter>seats</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_get_sessions</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>char*** <parameter>sessions</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_get_uids</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>char*** <parameter>sessions</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_get_seats()</function> may be used
+ to determine all currently available local
+ seats. Returns a NULL terminated array of seat
+ identifiers. The returned array and all strings it
+ references need to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use. Note that instead of an empty array
+ NULL may be returned and should be considered
+ equivalent to an empty array.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar, <function>sd_get_sessions()</function> may
+ be used to determine all current login sessions.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar, <function>sd_get_uids()</function> may
+ be used to determine all Unix users who currently have login sessions.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the returned lists are not sorted and in an undefined order.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On success <function>sd_get_seats()</function>,
+ <function>sd_get_sessions()</function> and
+ <function>sd_get_uids()</function> return the number
+ of entries in the arrays. On failure, these calls
+ return a negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_get_seats()</function>,
+ <function>sd_get_sessions()</function> and
+ <function>sd_get_uids()</function> interfaces
+ are available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_session_get_seat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_id128_get_machine.xml b/man/sd_id128_get_machine.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..039c1dd64c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_id128_get_machine.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_id128_get_machine">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_id128_get_machine</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_machine</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_id128_get_machine</refname>
+ <refname>sd_id128_get_boot</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Retrieve 128 bit IDs</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-id128.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_machine</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t* <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_get_boot</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t* <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function>
+ returns the machine ID of the executing host. This
+ reads and parses the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file. This function caches the machine ID internally
+ to make retrieving the machine ID a cheap
+ operation.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_id128_get_boot()</function> returns
+ the boot ID of the executing kernel. This reads and
+ parses the
+ <filename>/proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id</filename>
+ file exposed by the kernel. It is randomly generated
+ early at boot and is unique for every running kernel
+ instance. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. This function also internally
+ caches the returned ID to make this call a cheap
+ operation.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <function>sd_id128_get_boot()</function> always returns
+ a UUID v4 compatible
+ ID. <function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function> will
+ also return a UUID v4 compatible ID on new
+ installations, but might not on older. It is possible
+ to convert the machine ID into an UUID v4 compatible
+ one. For more information see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information about the
+ <literal>sd_id128_t</literal> type see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The two calls return 0 on success (in which
+ case <parameter>ret</parameter> is filled in), or a
+ negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_id128_get_machine()</function>
+ and <function>sd_id128_get_boot()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-id128</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_randomize</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_id128_randomize.xml b/man/sd_id128_randomize.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be74937dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_id128_randomize.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_id128_randomize">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_id128_randomize</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_id128_randomize</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_id128_randomize</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Generate 128 bit IDs</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-id128.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_randomize</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t* <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_id128_randomize()</function>
+ generates a new randomized 128 bit ID and returns it
+ in <parameter>ret</parameter>. Every invocation
+ returns a new randomly generated ID. This uses the
+ <filename>/dev/urandom</filename> kernel random number
+ generator.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <function>sd_id128_randomize()</function> always returns
+ a UUID v4 compatible
+ ID.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information about the
+ <literal>sd_id128_t</literal> type see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+ <literal>--new-id</literal> command may be used as
+ command line front-end for
+ <function>sd_id128_randomize()</function>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The call returns 0 on success (in which
+ case <parameter>ret</parameter> is filled in), or a
+ negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_id128_randomize()</function> interface
+ is available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-id128</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_machine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_id128_to_string.xml b/man/sd_id128_to_string.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec8b263e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_id128_to_string.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_id128_to_string">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_id128_to_string</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_id128_to_string</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_id128_to_string</refname>
+ <refname>sd_id128_from_string</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Format or parse 128 bit IDs as strings</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-id128.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>char* <function>sd_id128_to_string</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t <parameter>id</parameter>, char <parameter>s</parameter>[33]</paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_id128_from_string</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char <parameter>s</parameter>[33], sd_id128_t* <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_id128_to_string()</function>
+ formats a 128 bit ID as character string. It expects
+ the ID and a string array capable of storing 33
+ characters. The ID will be formatted as 32 lowercase
+ hexadecimal digits and be terminated by a NUL
+ byte.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_id128_from_string()</function>
+ implements the reverse operation: it takes a 33
+ character array with 32 hexadecimal digits
+ (terminated by NUL) and parses them back into an
+ 128 bit ID returned in
+ <parameter>ret</parameter>.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information about the
+ <literal>sd_id128_t</literal> type see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>When formatting a 128 bit ID into a string it is
+ often easier to use a format string for
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>printf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
+ is easily done using the
+ <function>SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR</function> and
+ <function>SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL()</function> macros. For
+ more information see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_id128_to_string()</function> always
+ succeeds and returns a pointer to the string array
+ passed in. <function>sd_id128_from_string</function>
+ returns 0 on success (in which case
+ <parameter>ret</parameter> is filled in), or a negative
+ errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_id128_to_string()</function>
+ and <function>sd_id128_from_string()</function> interfaces are
+ available as shared library, which can be compiled and
+ linked to with the <literal>libsystemd-id128</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-id128</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>printf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_is_fifo.xml b/man/sd_is_fifo.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..595c8f112d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_is_fifo.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_is_fifo">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_is_fifo</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_is_fifo</refname>
+ <refname>sd_is_socket</refname>
+ <refname>sd_is_socket_inet</refname>
+ <refname>sd_is_socket_unix</refname>
+ <refname>sd_is_mq</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Check the type of a file descriptor</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_is_fifo</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char *<parameter>path</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_is_socket</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>family</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>listening</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_is_socket_inet</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>family</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>listening</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint16_t <parameter>port</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_is_socket_unix</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>listening</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>path</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_is_mq</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>fd</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char *<parameter>path</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_is_fifo()</function> may be called
+ to check whether the specified file descriptor refers
+ to a FIFO or pipe. If the <parameter>path</parameter>
+ parameter is not NULL, it is checked whether the FIFO
+ is bound to the specified file system path.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_is_socket()</function> may be
+ called to check whether the specified file descriptor
+ refers to a socket. If the
+ <parameter>family</parameter> parameter is not
+ AF_UNSPEC it is checked whether the socket is of the
+ specified family (AF_UNIX, AF_INET, ...). If the
+ <parameter>type</parameter> parameter is not 0 it is
+ checked whether the socket is of the specified type
+ (SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, ...). If the
+ <parameter>listening</parameter> parameter is positive
+ it is checked whether the socket is in accepting mode,
+ i.e. <function>listen()</function> has been called for
+ it. If <parameter>listening</parameter> is 0, it is
+ checked whether the socket is not in this mode. If the
+ parameter is negative, no such check is made. The
+ <parameter>listening</parameter> parameter should only
+ be used for stream sockets and should be set to a
+ negative value otherwise.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_is_socket_inet()</function> is
+ similar to <function>sd_is_socket()</function>, but
+ optionally checks the IPv4 or IPv6 port number the
+ socket is bound to, unless <parameter>port</parameter>
+ is zero. For this call <parameter>family</parameter>
+ must be passed as either AF_UNSPEC, AF_INET, or
+ AF_INET6.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_is_socket_unix()</function> is
+ similar to <function>sd_is_socket()</function>, but
+ optionally checks the AF_UNIX path the socket is bound
+ to, unless the <parameter>path</parameter> parameter
+ is NULL. For normal file system AF_UNIX sockets set
+ the <parameter>length</parameter> parameter to 0. For
+ Linux abstract namespace sockets set the
+ <parameter>length</parameter> to the size of the
+ address, including the initial 0 byte and set
+ <parameter>path</parameter> to the initial 0 byte of
+ the socket address.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_is_mq()</function> may be called to
+ check whether the specified file descriptor refers to
+ a POSIX message queue. If the
+ <parameter>path</parameter> parameter is not NULL, it
+ is checked whether the message queue is bound to the
+ specified name.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On failure, these calls return a negative
+ errno-style error code. If the file descriptor is of
+ the specified type and bound to the specified address
+ a positive return value is returned, otherwise
+ zero.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These functions are provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for new-style daemons and
+ distributed with the systemd package. The algorithms
+ they implement are simple, and can easily be
+ reimplemented in daemons if it is important to support
+ this interface without using the reference
+ implementation.</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, these function use a combination of
+ <filename>fstat()</filename> and
+ <filename>getsockname()</filename> to check the file
+ descriptor type and where it is bound to.</para>
+
+ <para>For details about the algorithms check the
+ liberally licensed reference implementation sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/libsystemd-daemon/sd-daemon.c"/>
+ and <ulink
+ url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-daemon.h"/></para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_is_fifo()</function> and the
+ related functions are implemented in the reference
+ implementation's <filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-daemon.h</filename> files. These
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-daemon</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file. Alternatively, applications consuming these APIs
+ may copy the implementation into their source
+ tree. For more details about the reference
+ implementation see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>These functions continue to work as described,
+ even if -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set during
+ compilation.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_add_match.xml b/man/sd_journal_add_match.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad2486d749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_add_match.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_add_match">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_add_match</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_add_match</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_add_disjunction</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_flush_matches</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Add or remove entry matches</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_add_match</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const void* <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t <parameter>size</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_add_disjunction</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_flush_matches</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_add_match()</function> adds
+ a match by which to filter the entries of the journal
+ file. Matches applied with this call will filter what
+ can be iterated through and read from the journal file
+ via calls like
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Matches
+ are of the form <literal>FIELD=value</literal>, where
+ the field part is a short uppercase string consisting
+ only of 0-9, A-Z and the underscore. It may not begin
+ with two underscores or be the empty string. The value
+ part may be any value, including binary. If a match is
+ applied only entries with this field set will be
+ iterated. Multiple matches may be active at the same
+ time: if they apply to different fields only entries
+ with both fields set like this will be iterated, if
+ they apply to the same fields only entries where the
+ field takes one of the specified values will be
+ iterated. Well known fields are documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Whenever
+ a new match is added the current entry position is
+ reset, and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> (or a similar call)
+ needs to be called before entries can be read
+ again.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_add_disjunction()</function>
+ may be used to insert a disjunction (i.e. logical OR)
+ in the match list. If this call is invoked all
+ previously added matches are combined in an OR with
+ all matches added afterwards, until
+ <function>sd_journal_add_disjunction()</function> is
+ invoked again to begin the next OR term. The
+ combination of
+ <function>sd_journal_add_match()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_add_disjunction()</function> may
+ be used to build complex search terms, even though
+ full logical expressions are not available.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_flush_matches()</function>
+ may be used to flush all matches and disjunction terms
+ again. After this call all filtering is removed and
+ all entries in the journal will be iterated
+ again.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that filtering via matches only applies to
+ the way the journal is read, it has no effect on storage
+ on disk.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_add_match()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_add_disjunction()</function>
+ return 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code. <function>sd_journal_flush_matches()</function>
+ returns nothing.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_add_match()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_add_disjunction()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_flush_matches()</function> interfaces are
+ available as shared library, which can be compiled and
+ linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>The following example adds matches to a journal
+ context object to iterate only through messages
+ generated by the Avahi service at the four error log
+ levels, plus all messages of the message ID
+ 03bb1dab98ab4ecfbf6fff2738bdd964 coming from any
+ service (this example lacks the necessary error
+ checking):</para>
+
+ <programlisting>...
+int add_matches(sd_journal *j) {
+ sd_journal_add_match(j, "_SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service", 0);
+ sd_journal_add_match(j, "PRIORITY=0", 0);
+ sd_journal_add_match(j, "PRIORITY=1", 0);
+ sd_journal_add_match(j, "PRIORITY=2", 0);
+ sd_journal_add_match(j, "PRIORITY=3", 0);
+ sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+ sd_journal_add_match(j, "MESSAGE_ID=03bb1dab98ab4ecfbf6fff2738bdd964", 0);
+}</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_get_cursor.xml b/man/sd_journal_get_cursor.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..354168bee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_get_cursor.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_get_cursor">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_get_cursor</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_cursor</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_test_cursor</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Get cursor string for or test cursor string against the current journal entry</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_cursor</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char ** <parameter>cursor</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_test_cursor</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char * <parameter>cursor</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_cursor()</function>
+ returns a cursor string for the current journal
+ entry. A cursor is a serialization of the current
+ journal position formatted as text. The string only
+ contains printable characters and can be passed around
+ in text form. The cursor identifies a journal entry
+ globally and in a stable way and may be used to later
+ seek to it via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ cursor string should be considered opaque and not be
+ parsed by clients. Seeking to a cursor position
+ without the specific entry being available locally
+ will seek to the next closest (in terms of time)
+ available entry. The call takes two arguments: a
+ journal context object and a pointer to a string
+ pointer where the cursor string will be placed. The
+ string is allocated via libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>malloc</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and should be freed after use with
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <function>sd_journal_get_cursor()</function> will not
+ work before
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ (or related call) has been called at least once, in
+ order to position the read pointer at a valid
+ entry.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_test_cursor()</function>
+ may be used to check whether the current position in
+ the journal matches the specified cursor. This is
+ useful since cursor strings do not uniquely identify
+ an entry: the same entry might be referred to by
+ multiple different cursor strings, and hence string
+ comparing cursors is not possible. Use this call to
+ verify after an invocation of
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ whether the entry being seeked to was actually found
+ in the journal or the next closest entry was used
+ instead.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_cursor()</function>
+ returns 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code. <function>sd_journal_test_cursor()</function>
+ returns positive if the current entry matches the
+ specified cursor, 0 if it doesn't match the specified
+ cursor or a negative errno-style error code on
+ failure.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_get_cursor()</function>
+ and <function>sd_journal_test_cursor()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec.xml b/man/sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed014cb509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Read cut-off timestamps from the current journal entry</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>from</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>to</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t <parameter>boot_id</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>from</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>to</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec()</function>
+ gets the realtime (wallclock) timestamps of the first
+ and last entries accessible in the journal. It takes
+ three arguments: the journal context object and two
+ pointers to 64 Bit unsigned integers to store the
+ timestamps in. The timestamps are in microseconds
+ since the epoch, i.e. CLOCK_REALTIME. Either one of
+ the two timestamp arguments may be passed as NULL in
+ case the timestamp is not needed, but not both.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ gets the monotonic timestamps of the first and last
+ entries accessible in the journal. It takes three
+ arguments: the journal context object, a 128 Bit
+ identifier for the boot, and two pointers to 64 Bit
+ unsigned integers to store the timestamps. The
+ timestamps are in microseconds since boot-up of the
+ specific boot, i.e. CLOCK_MONOTONIC. Since the
+ monotonic clock begins new with every reboot it only
+ defines a well-defined point in time when used
+ together with an identifier identifying the boot, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. The function will return the
+ timestamps for the boot identified by the passed boot
+ ID. Either one of the two timestamp arguments may be
+ passed as NULL in case the timestamp is not needed,
+ but not both.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec()</function>
+ and
+ <function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ return 1 on success, 0 if not suitable entries are in
+ the journal or a negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The
+ <function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec()</function>
+ and
+ <function>sd_journal_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>clock_gettime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_get_data.xml b/man/sd_journal_get_data.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6470f19cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_get_data.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_get_data">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_get_data</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_data</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_enumerate_data</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_restart_data</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_DATA</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Read data fields from the current journal entry</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_data</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>field</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const void** <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t* <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_enumerate_data</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const void** <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t* <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>void <function>sd_journal_restart_data</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef><function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_DATA</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const void* <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_data()</function> gets
+ the data object associated with a specific field from
+ the current journal entry. It takes four arguments:
+ the journal context object, a string with the field
+ name to request, plus a pair of pointers to
+ pointer/size variables where the data object and its
+ size shall be stored in. The field name should be an
+ entry field name. Well-known field names are listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ returned data is in a read-only memory map and is only
+ valid until the next invocation of
+ <function>sd_journal_get_data()</function> or
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_data()</function>, or
+ the read pointer is altered. Note that the data
+ returned will be prefixed with the field name and
+ '='.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_enumerate_data()</function>
+ may be used to iterate through all fields of the
+ current entry. On each invocation the data for the
+ next field is returned. The order of these fields is
+ not defined. The data returned is in the same format
+ as with <function>sd_journal_get_data()</function> and
+ also follows the same life-time semantics.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_restart_data()</function>
+ resets the data enumeration index to the beginning of
+ the entry. The next invocation of
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_data()</function> will return the first
+ field of the entry again.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the
+ <function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_DATA()</function> macro
+ may be used as a handy wrapper around
+ <function>sd_journal_restart_data()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_data()</function>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these functions will not work before
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ (or related call) has been called at least
+ once, in order to position the read pointer at a valid entry.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_data()</function>
+ returns 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code. If the current entry does not include the
+ specified field -ENOENT is returned. If
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ has not been called at least once -EADDRNOTAVAIL is
+ returned. <function>sd_journal_enumerate_data()</function>
+ returns a positive integer if the next field has been
+ read, 0 when no more fields are known, or a negative
+ errno-style error
+ code. <function>sd_journal_restart_data()</function>
+ returns nothing.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_get_data()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_data()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_restart_data()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for a complete example how to use
+ <function>sd_journal_get_data()</function>.</para>
+
+ <para>Use the
+ <function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_DATA</function> macro to
+ iterate through all fields of the current journal
+ entry:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>...
+int print_fields(sd_journal *j) {
+ const void *data;
+ size_t l;
+ SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_DATA(j, data, length)
+ printf("%.*s\n", (int) length, data);
+}
+...</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_query_unique</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_get_fd.xml b/man/sd_journal_get_fd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..189d21352b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_get_fd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_get_fd">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_get_fd</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_fd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_fd</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_reliable_fd</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_process</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_wait</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_NOP</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Journal change notification
+ interface</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_fd</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_reliable_fd</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_process</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_wait</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>timeout_usec</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> returns
+ a file descriptor that may be asynchronously polled in
+ an external event loop and is signaled readable as
+ soon as the journal changes, because new entries or
+ files were added, rotation took place, or files have
+ been deleted, and similar. The file descriptor is
+ suitable for usage in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>poll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ where it will yield POLLIN on changes. The call takes
+ one argument: the journal context object. Note that
+ not all file systems are capable of generating the
+ necessary events for wakeups from this file descriptor
+ to be enirely reliable. In particular network files
+ systems do not generate suitable file change events in
+ all cases. In such a case an application should not
+ rely alone on wake-ups from this file descriptor but
+ wake up and recheck the journal in regular time
+ intervals, for example every 2s. To detect
+ cases where this is necessary, use
+ <function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>,
+ below.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>
+ may be used to check whether the wakeup events from
+ the file descriptor returned by
+ <function>sd_journal_get_fd</function> are sufficient
+ to track changes to the journal. If this call returns
+ 0, it is necessary to regularly recheck for journal
+ changes (suggestion: every 2s). If this call returns a
+ positive integer this is not necessary, and wakeups
+ from the file descriptor returned by
+ <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> are
+ sufficient as only source for wake-ups.</para>
+
+ <para>After each POLLIN wake-up
+ <function>sd_journal_process()</function> needs to be
+ called to process events and reset the readable state
+ of the file descriptor. This call will also indicate
+ what kind of change has been detected (see below; note
+ that spurious wake-ups are possible).</para>
+
+ <para>A synchronous alternative for using
+ <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_process()</function> is
+ <function>sd_journal_wait()</function>. It will
+ synchronously wait until the journal gets changed,
+ possibly using a 2s time-out if this is necessary (see
+ above). In either way the maximum time this call
+ sleeps may be controlled with the
+ <parameter>timeout_usec</parameter> parameter. Pass
+ <literal>(uint64_t) -1</literal> to wait
+ indefinitely. Internally this call simply combines
+ <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>,
+ <function>poll()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_process()</function> into
+ one.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> returns a valid file descriptor on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>
+ returns a positive integer if the file descriptor
+ returned by <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>
+ is sufficient as sole wake-up source for journal
+ change events. Returns 0 if it is not sufficient and
+ the journal needs to be checked manually in regular
+ time intervals for changes. Returns a negative
+ errno-style error code on failure.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_process()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_wait()</function> return one of
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_NOP</literal>,
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</literal> or
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE</literal> on success or
+ a negative errno-style error code. If
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_NOP</literal> is returned the
+ journal didn't change since the last invocation. If
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</literal> is returned new
+ entries have been appended to the end of the
+ journal. If <literal>SD_JOURNAL_INVALIDATE</literal>
+ journal files were added or removed (possibly due to
+ rotation). In the latter event live-view UIs should
+ probably refresh their entire display while in the
+ case of <literal>SD_JOURNAL_APPEND</literal> it is
+ sufficient to simply continue reading at the previous
+ end of the journal.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_reliable_fd()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_process()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_wait()</function> interfaces are
+ available as shared library, which can be compiled and
+ linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Iterating through the journal, in a live view tracking all changes:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+#include &lt;string.h&gt;
+#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ int r;
+ sd_journal *j;
+ r = sd_journal_open(&amp;j, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open journal: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *d;
+ size_t l;
+ r = sd_journal_next(j);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to iterate to next entry: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ break;
+ }
+ if (r == 0) {
+ /* Reached the end, let's wait for changes, and try again */
+ r = sd_journal_wait(j, (uint64_t) -1);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to wait for changes: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ break;
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ r = sd_journal_get_data(j, "MESSAGE", &amp;d, &amp;l);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read message field: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ continue;
+ }
+ printf("%.*s\n", (int) l, d);
+ }
+ sd_journal_close(j);
+ return 0;
+}</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Waiting with <function>poll()</function> (this
+ example lacks all error checking for the sake of
+ simplicity):</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#include &lt;sys/poll.h&gt;
+#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
+
+int wait_for_changes(sd_journal *j) {
+ struct pollfd pollfd;
+ pollfd.fd = sd_journal_get_fd();
+ pollfd.events = POLLIN;
+ poll(&amp;pollfd, 1, sd_journal_reliable_fd() &gt; 0 ? -1 : 2000);
+ return sd_journal_process(j);
+}
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>poll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_get_realtime_usec.xml b/man/sd_journal_get_realtime_usec.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..515932c6d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_get_realtime_usec.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_get_realtime_usec">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Read timestamps from the current journal entry</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>usec</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>usec</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t* <parameter>boot_id</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec()</function>
+ gets the realtime (wallclock) timestamp of the
+ current journal entry. It takes two arguments: the
+ journal context object and a pointer to a 64 Bit
+ unsigned integer to store the timestamp in. The
+ timestamp is in microseconds since the epoch,
+ i.e. CLOCK_REALTIME.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ gets the monotonic timestamp of the current
+ journal entry. It takes three arguments: the journal
+ context object, a pointer to a 64 Bit unsigned integer
+ to store the timestamp in as well as a 128 Bit ID
+ buffer to store the boot ID of the monotonic timestamp
+ in. The timestamp is in microseconds since boot-up of
+ the specific boot, i.e. CLOCK_MONOTONIC. Since the
+ monotonic clock begins new with every reboot it only
+ defines a well-defined point in time when used
+ together with an identifier identifying the boot, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. If the boot ID parameter is
+ passed NULL the function will fail if the monotonic
+ timestamp of the current entry is not of the current
+ system boot.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these functions will not work before
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ (or related call) has been called at least
+ once, in order to position the read pointer at a valid entry.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec()</function>
+ and
+ <function>sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ returns 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code. If the boot ID parameter was passed NULL and the
+ monotonic timestamp of the current journal entry is
+ not of the current system boot, -ESTALE is returned by <function>sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec()</function>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The
+ <function>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec()</function>
+ and
+ <function>sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_id128_get_boot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>clock_gettime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_get_usage.xml b/man/sd_journal_get_usage.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..14eb1e2b79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_get_usage.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_get_usage">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_get_usage</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_usage</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_get_usage</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Journal disk usage</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_get_usage</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t* <parameter>bytes</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_usage()</function>
+ determines the total disk space currently used up by
+ journal files. If
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY</literal> has been
+ passed when opening the journal files this value will
+ only reflect the size of journal files of the local
+ host, otherwise of all hosts.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_get_usage()</function>
+ returns 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_get_usage()</function>
+ interface is available as shared library, which can be
+ compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_next.xml b/man/sd_journal_next.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b1cb1fc46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_next.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_next">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_next</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_next</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_previous</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_next_skip</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_previous_skip</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_BACKWARDS</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Advance or set back the read pointer in the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_next</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_previous</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_next_skip</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>skip</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_previous_skip</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>skip</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef><function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef><function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_BACKWARDS</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_next()</function> advances
+ the read pointer into the journal by one entry. The
+ only argument taken is a journal context object as
+ allocated via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. After
+ successful invocation the entry may be read with
+ functions such as
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar, <function>sd_journal_previous()</function> sets
+ the read pointer back one entry.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_next_skip()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_previous_skip()</function>
+ advance/set back the read pointer by multiple entries
+ at once, as specified in the <varname>skip</varname>
+ parameter.</para>
+
+ <para>The journal is strictly ordered by reception
+ time, and hence advancing to the next entry guarantees
+ that the entry then pointing to is later in time than
+ then previous one, or has the same timestamp.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and related calls will fail unless
+ <function>sd_journal_next()</function> has been
+ invoked at least once in order to position the read
+ pointer on a journal entry.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the
+ <function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH()</function> macro may be used
+ as a wrapper around
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_head</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and <function>sd_journal_next()</function> in order to
+ make iterating through the journal easier. See below
+ for an example. Similar,
+ <function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_BACKWARDS()</function>
+ may be used for iterating the journal in reverse
+ order.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The four calls return the number of entries
+ advanced/set back on success or a negative errno-style
+ error code. When the end or beginning of the journal
+ is reached, a number smaller than requested is
+ returned. More specifically, if
+ <function>sd_journal_next()</function> or
+ <function>sd_journal_previous()</function> reach the
+ end/beginning of the journal they will return 0,
+ instead of 1 when they are successful. This should be
+ considered an EOF marker.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_next()</function>, <function>sd_journal_previous()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_next_skip()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_previous_skip()</function> interfaces are
+ available as shared library, which can be compiled and
+ linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Iterating through the journal:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+#include &lt;string.h&gt;
+#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ int r;
+ sd_journal *j;
+ r = sd_journal_open(&amp;j, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open journal: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH(j) {
+ const char *d;
+ size_t l;
+
+ r = sd_journal_get_data(j, "MESSAGE", &amp;d, &amp;l);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read message field: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ printf("%.*s\n", (int) l, d);
+ }
+ sd_journal_close(j);
+ return 0;
+}</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_open.xml b/man/sd_journal_open.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06d0ccfd12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_open.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_open">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_open</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_open</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_open_directory</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_close</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_RUNTIME_ONLY</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM_ONLY</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Open the system journal for reading</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_open</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal** <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_open_directory</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal** <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>path</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>flags</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_close</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_open()</function> opens
+ the log journal for reading. It will find all journal
+ files automatically and interleave them automatically
+ when reading. As first argument it takes a pointer to
+ a <literal>sd_journal</literal> pointer, which on
+ success will contain journal context object afterwards. The
+ second argument is a flags field, which may consist of
+ the following flags ORed together:
+ <literal>SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY</literal> makes sure
+ only journal files generated on the local machine will
+ be opened. <literal>SD_JOURNAL_RUNTIME_ONLY</literal>
+ makes sure only volatile journal files will be opened,
+ excluding those which are stored on persistent
+ storage. <literal>SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM_ONLY</literal>
+ will ensure that only journal files of system services
+ and the kernel (in opposition to user session processes) will
+ be opened.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_open_directory()</function>
+ is similar to <function>sd_journal_open()</function>
+ but takes an absolute directory path as argument. All
+ journal files in this directory will be opened and
+ interleaved automatically. This call also takes a
+ flags argument, but it must be passed as 0 as no flags
+ are currently understood for this call.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_close()</function> will
+ close the journal context allocated with
+ <function>sd_journal_open()</function> or
+ <function>sd_journal_open_directory()</function> and
+ free its resources.</para>
+
+ <para>When opening the journal only journal files
+ accessible to the calling user will be opened. If
+ journal files are not accessible to the caller this
+ will be silently ignored.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for an example how to iterate through the journal
+ after opening it with
+ <function>sd_journal_open()</function>.</para>
+
+ <para>A journal context object returned by
+ <function>sd_journal_open()</function> references a
+ specific journal entry as <emphasis>current</emphasis> entry,
+ similar to a file seek index in a classic file system
+ file, but without absolute positions. It may be
+ altered with
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_head</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and related calls. The current entry position may be
+ exported in <emphasis>cursor</emphasis> strings, as accessible
+ via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Cursor
+ strings may be used to globally identify a specific
+ journal entry in a stable way and then later to seek
+ to it (or if the specific entry is not available
+ locally, to its closest entry in time)
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Notification of journal changes is available via
+ <function>sd_journal_get_fd()</function> and related
+ calls.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_open()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_open_directory()</function> calls
+ return 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code. <function>sd_journal_close()</function> returns
+ nothing.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_open()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_open_directory()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_close()</function> interfaces are
+ available as shared library, which can be compiled and
+ linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_print.xml b/man/sd_journal_print.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7742268f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_print.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_print">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_print</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_print</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_print</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_printv</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_send</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_sendv</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_perror</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_SUPPRESS_LOCATION</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Submit log entries to the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_print</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>priority</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>format</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>...</paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_printv</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>priority</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>format</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>va_list <parameter>ap</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_send</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>format</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>...</paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_sendv</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const struct iovec *<parameter>iov</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>n</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_perror</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>message</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_print()</function> may be
+ used to submit simple, plain text log entries to the
+ system journal. The first argument is a priority
+ value. This is followed by a format string and its
+ parameters, similar to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>printf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ priority value is one of
+ <literal>LOG_EMERG</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_ALERT</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_CRIT</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_ERR</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_WARNING</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_NOTICE</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_INFO</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_DEBUG</literal>, as defined in
+ <filename>syslog.h</filename>, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. It is recommended to use this call to
+ submit log messages in the application locale or system
+ locale and in UTF-8 format, but no such restrictions
+ are enforced.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_printv()</function> is
+ similar to <function>sd_journal_print()</function> but
+ takes a variable argument list encapsulated in an
+ object of type <literal>va_list</literal> (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>stdarg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information) instead of the format string. It
+ is otherwise equivalent in behavior.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_send()</function> may be
+ used to submit structured log entries to the system
+ journal. It takes a series of format strings, each
+ immediately followed by their associated parameters,
+ terminated by NULL. The strings passed should be of
+ the format <literal>VARIABLE=value</literal>. The
+ variable name must be in uppercase and consist only of
+ characters, numbers and underscores, and may not begin
+ with an underscore. (All assignments that do not
+ follow this syntax will be ignored.) The value can be
+ of any size and format. It is highly recommended to
+ submit text strings formatted in the UTF-8 character
+ encoding only, and submit binary fields only when
+ formatting in UTf-8 strings is not sensible. A number
+ of well known fields are defined, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details, but additional application defined fields
+ may be used. A variable may be assigned more than one
+ value per entry.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_sendv()</function> is
+ similar to <function>sd_journal_send()</function> but
+ takes an array of <literal>struct iovec</literal> (as
+ defined in <filename>uio.h</filename>, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>readv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) instead of the format string. Each
+ structure should reference one field of the entry to
+ submit. The second argument specifies the number of
+ structures in the
+ array. <function>sd_journal_sendv()</function> is
+ particularly useful to submit binary objects to the
+ journal where that is necessary.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_perror()</function> is a
+ similar to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perror</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and writes a message to the journal that consists of
+ the passed string, suffixed with ": " and a human
+ readable representation of the current error code
+ stored in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
+ the message string is passed as NULL or empty string
+ only the error string representation will be written,
+ prefixed with nothing. An additional journal field
+ ERRNO= is included in the entry containing the numeric
+ error code formatted as decimal string. The log
+ priority used is <literal>LOG_ERR</literal> (3).</para>
+
+ <para>Note that <function>sd_journal_send()</function>
+ is a wrapper around
+ <function>sd_journal_sendv()</function> to make it
+ easier to use when only text strings shall be
+ submitted. Also, the following two calls are
+ mostly equivalent:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>sd_journal_print(LOG_INFO, "Hello World, this is PID %lu!", (unsigned long) getpid());
+
+sd_journal_send("MESSAGE=Hello World, this is PID %lu!", (unsigned long) getpid(),
+ "PRIORITY=%i", LOG_INFO,
+ NULL);</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Note that these calls implicitly add fields for
+ the source file, function name and code line where
+ invoked. This is implemented with macros. If this is
+ not desired it can be turned off by defining
+ SD_JOURNAL_SUPPRESS_LOCATION before including
+ <filename>sd-journal.h</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and <function>sd_journal_print()</function> may
+ largely be used interchangeably
+ functionality-wise. However, note that log messages
+ logged via the former take a different path to the
+ journal server than the later, and hence global
+ chronological ordering between the two streams cannot
+ be guaranteed. Using
+ <function>sd_journal_print()</function> has the
+ benefit of logging source code line, file names, and
+ functions as meta data along all entries, and
+ guaranteeing chronological ordering with structured
+ log entries that are generated via
+ <function>sd_journal_send()</function>. Using
+ <function>syslog()</function> has the benefit of being
+ more portable.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The four calls return 0 on success or a negative
+ errno-style error code. The
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ variable itself is not altered.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_print()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_printv()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_send()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_sendv()</function> interfaces
+ are available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_stream_fd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>perror</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_query_unique.xml b/man/sd_journal_query_unique.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f2f8af0eb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_query_unique.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_query_unique">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_query_unique</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_query_unique</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_query_unique</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_enumerate_unique</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_restart_unique</refname>
+ <refname>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Read unique data fields from the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_query_unique</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>field</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const void** <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t* <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>void <function>sd_journal_restart_unique</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef><function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const void* <parameter>data</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>size_t <parameter>length</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_query_unique()</function>
+ queries the journal for all unique values the
+ specified field can take. It takes two arguments: the
+ journal to query and the field name to look
+ for. Well-known field names are listed on
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Field
+ names must be specified without a trailing '='. After
+ this function has been executed successfully the field
+ values may be queried using
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function>. Invoking
+ this call a second time will change the field name
+ being queried and reset the enumeration index to the
+ first field value that matches.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function>
+ may be used to iterate through all data fields which
+ match the previously selected field name as set with
+ <function>sd_journal_query_unique()</function>. On
+ each invocation the next field data matching the field
+ name is returned. The order of the returned data
+ fields is not defined. It takes three arguments: the
+ journal context object, plus a pair of pointers to
+ pointer/size variables where the data object and its
+ size shall be stored in. The returned data is in a
+ read-only memory map and is only valid until the next
+ invocation of
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function>. Note
+ that the data returned will be prefixed with the field
+ name and '='.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_restart_unique()</function>
+ resets the data enumeration index to the beginning of
+ the list. The next invocation of
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function>
+ will return the first field data matching the field
+ name again.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the
+ <function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE()</function> macro
+ may be used as a handy wrapper around
+ <function>sd_journal_restart_unique()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these functions currently are not
+ influenced by matches set with
+ <function>sd_journal_add_match()</function> but this
+ might change in a later version of this
+ software.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_query_unique()</function>
+ returns 0 on success or a negative errno-style error
+ code. <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function>
+ returns a positive integer if the next field data has
+ been read, 0 when no more fields are known, or a
+ negative errno-style error
+ code. <function>sd_journal_restart_unique()</function>
+ returns nothing.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_query_unique()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_enumerate_unique()</function> and
+ <function>sd_journal_restart_unique()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Use the
+ <function>SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE</function> macro
+ to iterate through all values a field of the journal
+ can take. The following example lists all unit names
+ referenced in the journal:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+#include &lt;string.h&gt;
+#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ sd_journal *j;
+ const void *d;
+ size_t l;
+ int r;
+
+ r = sd_journal_open(&amp;j, SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open journal: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, "_SYSTEMD_UNIT");
+ if (r &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to query journal: %s\n", strerror(-r));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, d, l)
+ printf("%.*s\n", (int) l, (const char*) d);
+ sd_journal_close(j);
+ return 0;
+}</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_seek_head.xml b/man/sd_journal_seek_head.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3716c5d367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_seek_head.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_seek_head">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_seek_head</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_seek_head</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_seek_head</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_seek_tail</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_seek_monotonic_usec</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec</refname>
+ <refname>sd_journal_seek_cursor</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Seek to a position in the
+ journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_seek_head</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_seek_tail</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_seek_monotonic_usec</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_id128_t <parameter>boot_id</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>usec</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uint64_t <parameter>usec</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_seek_cursor</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_journal* <parameter>j</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char * <parameter>cursor</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_seek_head()</function>
+ seeks to the beginning of the journal, i.e. the oldest
+ available entry.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar,
+ <function>sd_journal_seek_tail()</function> may be
+ used to seek to the end of the journal, i.e. the most
+ recent available entry.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_seek_monotonic_usec()</function>
+ seeks to the entry with the specified monotonic
+ timestamp, i.e. CLOCK_MONOOTONIC. Since monotonic time
+ restarts on every reboot a boot ID needs to be
+ specified as well.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec()</function>
+ seeks to the entry with the specified realtime
+ (wallclock) timestamp, i.e. CLOCK_REALTIME. Note that
+ the realtime clock is not necessarily monotonic. If a
+ realtime timestamp is ambiguous it is not defined
+ which position is sought to.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_seek_cursor()</function>
+ seeks to the entry located at the specified cursor
+ string. For details on cursors see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
+ no entry matching the specified cursor is found the
+ call will seek to the next closest entry (in terms of
+ time) instead. To verify whether the newly selected
+ entry actually matches the cursor use
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_test_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these calls do not actually make any
+ entry the new current entry, this needs to be done in
+ a separate step with a subsequent
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ invocation (or a similar call). Only then entry data
+ may be retrieved via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
+ no entry exists that matches exactly the specified
+ seek address the next closest is sought to. If
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is used the closest following entry will be sought to,
+ if
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_previous</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is used the closest preceding entry is sought
+ to.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The functions return 0 on success or a negative
+ errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_seek_head()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_seek_tail()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_seek_monotonic_usec()</function>,
+ <function>sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec()</function>,
+ and <function>sd_journal_seek_cursor()</function>
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_open</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_next</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_data</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_cursor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_get_realtime_usec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_journal_stream_fd.xml b/man/sd_journal_stream_fd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4407296b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_journal_stream_fd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_journal_stream_fd">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_journal_stream_fd</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_journal_stream_fd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_journal_stream_fd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Create log stream file descriptor to the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_journal_stream_fd</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>identifier</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>priority</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>level_prefix</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_stream_fd()</function> may
+ be used to create a log stream file descriptor. Log
+ messages written to this file descriptor as simple
+ newline separated text strings are written to the
+ journal. This file descriptor can be used internally
+ by applications or be made STDOUT/STDERR of other
+ processes executed.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_journal_stream_fd()</function>
+ takes a short program identifier string as first
+ argument, which will be written to the journal as
+ _SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER= field for each log entry (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information). The second argument shall be
+ the default priority level for all messages. The
+ priority level is one of <literal>LOG_EMERG</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_ALERT</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_CRIT</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_ERR</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_WARNING</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_NOTICE</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_INFO</literal>,
+ <literal>LOG_DEBUG</literal>, as defined in
+ <filename>syslog.h</filename>, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. The third argument is a boolean: if true
+ kernel-style log priority level prefixes (such as
+ <literal>SD_WARNING</literal>) are interpreted, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.</para>
+
+ <para>It is recommended that applications log UTF-8
+ messages only with this API, but this is not
+ enforced.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>The call returns a valid write-only file descriptor on success or a
+ negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_journal_stream_fd()</function>
+ interface is available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-journal</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <para>Creating a log stream suitable for
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fprintf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#include &lt;syslog.h&gt;
+#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
+#include &lt;string.h&gt;
+#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;
+#include &lt;systemd/sd-journal.h&gt;
+#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+ int fd;
+ FILE *log;
+ fd = sd_journal_stream_fd("test", LOG_INFO, 1);
+ if (fd &lt; 0) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create stream fd: %s\n", strerror(-fd));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ log = fdopen(fd, "w");
+ if (!log) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create file object: %m\n");
+ close(fd);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ fprintf(log, "Hello World!\n");
+ fprintf(log, SD_WARNING "This is a warning!\n");
+ fclose(log);
+ return 0;
+}</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_print</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fprintf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_listen_fds.xml b/man/sd_listen_fds.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b891b6b039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_listen_fds.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_listen_fds">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_listen_fds</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_listen_fds</refname>
+ <refname>SD_LISTEN_FDS_START</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Check for file descriptors passed by the system manager</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#define SD_LISTEN_FDS_START 3</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_listen_fds</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_listen_fds()</function> shall be
+ called by a daemon to check for file descriptors
+ passed by the init system as part of the socket-based
+ activation logic.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <parameter>unset_environment</parameter>
+ parameter is non-zero
+ <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> will unset the
+ <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname>/<varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname>
+ environment variables before returning (regardless
+ whether the function call itself succeeded or
+ not). Further calls to
+ <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> will then fail,
+ but the variables are no longer inherited by child
+ processes.</para>
+
+ <para>If a daemon receives more than one file
+ descriptor, they will be passed in the same order as
+ configured in the systemd socket definition
+ file. Nonetheless it is recommended to verify the
+ correct socket types before using them. To simplify
+ this checking the functions
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_inet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ are provided. In order to maximize flexibility it is
+ recommended to make these checks as loose as possible
+ without allowing incorrect setups. i.e. often the
+ actual port number a socket is bound to matters little
+ for the service to work, hence it should not be
+ verified. On the other hand, whether a socket is a
+ datagram or stream socket matters a lot for the most
+ common program logics and should be checked.</para>
+
+ <para>This function call will set the FD_CLOEXEC flag
+ for all passed file descriptors to avoid further
+ inheritance to children of the calling process.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On failure, this call returns a negative
+ errno-style error code. If
+ <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname>/<varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname>
+ was not set or was not correctly set for this daemon and
+ hence no file descriptors were received, 0 is
+ returned. Otherwise the number of file descriptors
+ passed is returned. The application may find them
+ starting with file descriptor SD_LISTEN_FDS_START,
+ i.e. file descriptor 3.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This function is provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for new-style daemons and
+ distributed with the systemd package. The algorithm it
+ implements is simple, and can easily be reimplemented
+ in daemons if it is important to support this
+ interface without using the reference
+ implementation.</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, this function checks whether the
+ <varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname> environment variable
+ equals the daemon PID. If not, it returns
+ immediately. Otherwise it parses the number passed in
+ the <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname> environment
+ variable, then sets the FD_CLOEXEC flag for the parsed
+ number of file descriptors starting from
+ SD_LISTEN_FDS_START. Finally it returns the parsed
+ number.</para>
+
+ <para>For details about the algorithm check the
+ liberally licensed reference implementation sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/libsystemd-daemon/sd-daemon.c"/>
+ and <ulink
+ url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-daemon.h"/></para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_listen_fds()</function> is
+ implemented in the reference implementation's
+ <filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-daemon.h</filename> files. These
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-daemon</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file. Alternatively, applications consuming these APIs
+ may copy the implementation into their source
+ tree. For more details about the reference
+ implementation see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If the reference implementation is used as
+ drop-in files and -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set during
+ compilation this function will always return 0 and
+ otherwise become a NOP.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set by the init system
+ for supervised processes that use
+ socket-based activation. This
+ environment variable specifies the
+ data
+ <function>sd_listen_fds()</function>
+ parses. See above for
+ details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_inet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_login_monitor_new.xml b/man/sd_login_monitor_new.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35cb6b368b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_login_monitor_new.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_login_monitor_new">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_login_monitor_new</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_login_monitor_new</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_login_monitor_new</refname>
+ <refname>sd_login_monitor_unref</refname>
+ <refname>sd_login_monitor_flush</refname>
+ <refname>sd_login_monitor_get_fd</refname>
+ <refname>sd_login_monitor</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Monitor login sessions, seats and users</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_login_monitor_new</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>category</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_login_monitor** <parameter>ret</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>sd_login_monitor* <function>sd_login_monitor_unref</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_login_monitor* <parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_login_monitor_flush</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_login_monitor* <parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_login_monitor_get_fd</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>sd_login_monitor* <parameter>m</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_login_monitor_new()</function> may
+ be used to monitor login sessions, users and seats. Via
+ a monitor object a file descriptor can be integrated
+ into an application defined event loop which is woken
+ up each time a user logs in, logs out or a seat is
+ added or removed, or a session, user, or seat changes
+ state otherwise. The first parameter takes a string
+ which can be <literal>seat</literal> (to get
+ only notifications about seats being added, removed or
+ changed), <literal>session</literal> (to get only
+ notifications about sessions being created or removed
+ or changed) or <literal>uid</literal> (to get only
+ notifications when a user changes state in respect to
+ logins). If notifications shall be generated in all
+ these conditions, NULL may be passed. Note that in the
+ future additional categories may be defined. The
+ second parameter returns a monitor object and needs to
+ be freed with the
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_unref()</function> call
+ after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_login_monitor_unref()</function>
+ may be used to destroy a monitor object. Note that
+ this will invalidate any file descriptor returned by
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_get_fd()</function>.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_login_monitor_flush()</function>
+ may be used to reset the wakeup state of the monitor
+ object. Whenever an event causes the monitor to wake
+ up the event loop via the file descriptor this
+ function needs to be called to reset the wake-up
+ state. If this call is not invoked the file descriptor
+ will immediately wake up the event loop again.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_login_monitor_get_fd()</function>
+ may be used to retrieve the file descriptor of the
+ monitor object that may be integrated in an
+ application defined event loop, based around
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>poll</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or a similar interface. The application should include
+ the returned file descriptor as wake up source for
+ POLLIN events. Whenever a wake-up is triggered the
+ file descriptor needs to be reset via
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_flush()</function>. An
+ application needs to reread the login state with a
+ function like
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_get_seats</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or similar to determine what changed.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On success
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_new()</function> and
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_flush()</function> return 0
+ or a positive integer. On success
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_get_fd()</function> returns
+ a Unix file descriptor. On failure, these calls return
+ a negative errno-style error code.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_login_monitor_unref()</function>
+ always returns NULL.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_login_monitor_new()</function>,
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_unref()</function>, <function>sd_login_monitor_flush()</function> and
+ <function>sd_login_monitor_get_fd()</function> interfaces
+ are available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_get_seats</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_notify.xml b/man/sd_notify.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75edeeadf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_notify.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_notify">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_notify</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_notify</refname>
+ <refname>sd_notifyf</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Notify service manager about start-up completion and other daemon status changes</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_notify</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char *<parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_notifyf</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char *<parameter>format</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>...</paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para><function>sd_notify()</function> shall be called
+ by a daemon to notify the init system about status
+ changes. It can be used to send arbitrary information,
+ encoded in an environment-block-like string. Most
+ importantly it can be used for start-up completion
+ notification.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <parameter>unset_environment</parameter>
+ parameter is non-zero <function>sd_notify()</function>
+ will unset the <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname>
+ environment variable before returning (regardless
+ whether the function call itself succeeded or
+ not). Further calls to
+ <function>sd_notify()</function> will then fail, but
+ the variable is no longer inherited by child
+ processes.</para>
+
+ <para>The <parameter>state</parameter> parameter
+ should contain a newline-separated list of variable
+ assignments, similar in style to an environment
+ block. A trailing newline is implied if none is
+ specified. The string may contain any kind of variable
+ assignments, but the following shall be considered
+ well-known:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>READY=1</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Tells the init system
+ that daemon startup is finished. This
+ is only used by systemd if the service
+ definition file has Type=notify
+ set. The passed argument is a boolean
+ "1" or "0". Since there is little
+ value in signaling non-readiness, the
+ only value daemons should send is
+ "READY=1".</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>STATUS=...</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Passes a single-line
+ status string back to the init system
+ that describes the daemon state. This
+ is free-form and can be used for
+ various purposes: general state
+ feedback, fsck-like programs could
+ pass completion percentages and
+ failing programs could pass a human
+ readable error message. Example:
+ "STATUS=Completed 66% of file system
+ check..."</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>ERRNO=...</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If a daemon fails, the
+ errno-style error code, formatted as
+ string. Example: "ERRNO=2" for
+ ENOENT.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>BUSERROR=...</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If a daemon fails, the
+ D-Bus error-style error code. Example:
+ "BUSERROR=org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.TimedOut"</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>MAINPID=...</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The main pid of the
+ daemon, in case the init system did
+ not fork off the process
+ itself. Example:
+ "MAINPID=4711"</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>WATCHDOG=1</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Tells systemd to
+ update the watchdog timestamp. This is
+ the keep-alive ping that services need
+ to issue in regular intervals if
+ <varname>WatchdogSec=</varname> is
+ enabled for it. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. It is recommended to send
+ this message if the
+ <varname>WATCHDOG_USEC=</varname>
+ environment variable has been set for
+ the service process, in every half the
+ time interval that is specified in the
+ variable.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>It is recommended to prefix variable names that
+ are not shown in the list above with
+ <varname>X_</varname> to avoid namespace
+ clashes.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that systemd will accept status data sent
+ from a daemon only if the
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> option is correctly
+ set in the service definition file. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_notifyf()</function> is similar to
+ <function>sd_notify()</function> but takes a
+ <function>printf()</function>-like format string plus
+ arguments.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On failure, these calls return a negative
+ errno-style error code. If
+ <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> was not set and
+ hence no status data could be sent, 0 is returned. If
+ the status was sent these functions return with a
+ positive return value. In order to support both, init
+ systems that implement this scheme and those which
+ don't, it is generally recommended to ignore the return
+ value of this call.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>These functions are provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for new-style daemons and
+ distributed with the systemd package. The algorithms
+ they implement are simple, and can easily be
+ reimplemented in daemons if it is important to support
+ this interface without using the reference
+ implementation.</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, these functions send a single
+ datagram with the state string as payload to the
+ AF_UNIX socket referenced in the
+ <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> environment
+ variable. If the first character of
+ <varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname> is @ the string is
+ understood as Linux abstract namespace socket. The
+ datagram is accompanied by the process credentials of
+ the sending daemon, using SCM_CREDENTIALS.</para>
+
+ <para>For details about the algorithms check the
+ liberally licensed reference implementation sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/libsystemd-daemon/sd-daemon.c"/>
+ and <ulink
+ url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-daemon.h"/></para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_notify()</function> and
+ <function>sd_notifyf()</function> are implemented in
+ the reference implementation's
+ <filename>sd-daemon.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-daemon.h</filename> files. These
+ interfaces are available as shared library, which can
+ be compiled and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-daemon</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file. Alternatively, applications consuming these APIs
+ may copy the implementation into their source tree. For
+ more details about the reference implementation see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If the reference implementation is used as
+ drop-in files and -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set during
+ compilation these functions will always return 0 and
+ otherwise become a NOP.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set by the init system
+ for supervised processes for status
+ and start-up completion
+ notification. This environment variable
+ specifies the socket
+ <function>sd_notify()</function> talks
+ to. See above for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Start-up Notification</title>
+
+ <para>When a daemon finished starting up, it
+ might issue the following call to notify
+ the init system:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>sd_notify(0, "READY=1");</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Extended Start-up Notification</title>
+
+ <para>A daemon could send the following after
+ completing initialization:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>sd_notifyf(0, "READY=1\n"
+ "STATUS=Processing requests...\n"
+ "MAINPID=%lu",
+ (unsigned long) getpid());</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Error Cause Notification</title>
+
+ <para>A daemon could send the following shortly before exiting, on failure</para>
+
+ <programlisting>sd_notifyf(0, "STATUS=Failed to start up: %s\n"
+ "ERRNO=%i",
+ strerror(errno),
+ errno);</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_pid_get_session.xml b/man/sd_pid_get_session.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9517795f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_pid_get_session.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_pid_get_session">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_pid_get_session</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_pid_get_session</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_pid_get_session</refname>
+ <refname>sd_pid_get_unit</refname>
+ <refname>sd_pid_get_owner_uid</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Determine session, service or owner of a session of a specific PID</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_get_session</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_get_unit</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>unit</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_pid_get_owner_uid</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>pid_t <parameter>pid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t* <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_pid_get_session()</function> may be
+ used to determine the login session identifier of a
+ process identified by the specified process
+ identifier. The session identifier is a short string,
+ suitable for usage in file system paths. Note that not
+ all processes are part of a login session (e.g. system
+ service processes, user processes that are shared
+ between multiple sessions of the same user, or kernel
+ threads). For processes not being part of a login
+ session this function will fail. The returned string
+ needs to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_pid_get_unit()</function> may be
+ used to determine the systemd unit (i.e. system
+ service) identifier of a process identified by the
+ specified process identifier. The unit name is a short
+ string, suitable for usage in file system paths. Note
+ that not all processes are part of a unit/service
+ (e.g. user processes, or kernel threads). For
+ processes not being part of a systemd unit/system
+ service this function will fail. The returned string
+ needs to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_pid_get_owner_uid()</function> may
+ be used to determine the Unix user identifier of the
+ owner of the session of a process identified the
+ specified PID. Note that this function will succeed
+ for user processes which are shared between multiple
+ login sessions of the same user, where
+ <function>sd_pid_get_session()</function> will
+ fail. For processes not being part of a login session
+ and not being a shared process of a user this function
+ will fail.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <literal>pid</literal> parameter of any
+ of these functions is passed as 0 the operation is
+ executed for the calling process.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On success these calls return 0 or a positive
+ integer. On failure, these calls return a negative
+ errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_pid_get_session()</function>,
+ <function>sd_pid_get_pid()</function>, and
+ <function>sd_pid_get_owner_uid()</function> interfaces
+ are available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the login session identifier as
+ returned by <function>sd_pid_get_session()</function>
+ is completely unrelated to the process session
+ identifier as returned by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getsid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_session_is_active</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getsid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_readahead.xml b/man/sd_readahead.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a1fc6f178f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_readahead.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_notify">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_readahead</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_readahead</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_readahead</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control ongoing disk boot-time read-ahead operations</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include "sd-readahead.h"</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_readahead</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char *<parameter>action</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para><function>sd_readahead()</function> may be
+ called by programs involved with early boot-up to
+ control ongoing boot-time disk read-ahead operations. It may be
+ used to terminate read-ahead operations in case an
+ uncommon disk access pattern is to be expected and
+ hence read-ahead replay or collection is unlikely to
+ have the desired speed-up effect on the current or
+ future boot-ups.</para>
+
+ <para>The <parameter>action</parameter> should be one
+ of the following strings:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>cancel</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminates read-ahead
+ data collection, and drops all
+ read-ahead data collected during this
+ boot-up.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>done</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminates read-ahead
+ data collection, but keeps all
+ read-ahead data collected during this
+ boot-up around for use during
+ subsequent boot-ups.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>noreplay</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminates read-ahead
+ replay.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On failure, these calls return a negative
+ errno-style error code. It is generally recommended to
+ ignore the return value of this call.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This function is provided by the reference
+ implementation of APIs for controlling boot-time
+ read-ahead and distributed with the systemd
+ package. The algorithm it implements is simple, and
+ can easily be reimplemented in daemons if it is
+ important to support this interface without using the
+ reference implementation.</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, this function creates a file in
+ <filename>/run/systemd/readahead/</filename> which is
+ then used as flag file to notify the read-ahead
+ subsystem.</para>
+
+ <para>For details about the algorithm check the
+ liberally licensed reference implementation sources:
+ <ulink url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/readahead/sd-readahead.c"/>
+ and <ulink
+ url="http://cgit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd/plain/src/systemd/sd-readahead.h"/></para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_readahead()</function> is
+ implemented in the reference implementation's drop-in
+ <filename>sd-readahead.c</filename> and
+ <filename>sd-readahead.h</filename> files. It is
+ recommended that applications consuming this API copy
+ the implementation into their source tree. For more
+ details about the reference implementation see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
+
+ <para>If -DDISABLE_SYSTEMD is set during compilation
+ this function will always return 0 and otherwise
+ become a NOP.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Cancelling all read-ahead operations</title>
+
+ <para>During boots where SELinux has to
+ relabel the file system hierarchy, it will
+ create a large amount of disk accesses that
+ are not necessary during normal boots. Hence
+ it is a good idea to disable both read-ahead replay and read-ahead collection.
+ </para>
+
+ <programlisting>sd_readahead("cancel");
+sd_readahead("noreplay");</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_seat_get_active.xml b/man/sd_seat_get_active.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1d6d20edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_seat_get_active.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_seat_get_active">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_seat_get_active</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_seat_get_active</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_seat_get_active</refname>
+ <refname>sd_seat_get_sessions</refname>
+ <refname>sd_seat_can_multi_session</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Determine state of a specific seat</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_seat_get_active</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t* <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_seat_get_sessions</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char*** <parameter>sessions</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t** <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>unsigned* <parameter>n_uids</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_seat_can_multi_session</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_seat_can_tty</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_seat_can_graphical</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_seat_get_active()</function> may be
+ used to determine which session is currently active on
+ a seat, if there is any. Returns the session
+ identifier and the user identifier of the Unix user
+ the session is belonging to. Either the session or the
+ user identifier parameter can be passed NULL, in
+ case only one of the parameters shall be queried. The
+ returned string needs to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_seat_get_sessions()</function> may
+ be used to determine all sessions on the specified
+ seat. Returns two arrays, one (NULL terminated) with
+ the session identifiers of the sessions and one with
+ the user identifiers of the Unix users the sessions
+ belong to. An additional parameter may be used to
+ return the number of entries in the latter array. The
+ two arrays and the latter parameter may be passed as
+ NULL in case these values need not to be
+ determined. The arrays and the strings referenced by
+ them need to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use. Note that instead of an empty array
+ NULL may be returned and should be considered
+ equivalent to an empty array.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_seat_can_multi_session()</function>
+ may be used to determine whether a specific seat is
+ capable of multi-session, i.e. allows multiple login
+ sessions in parallel (with only one being active at a
+ time).</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_seat_can_tty()</function> may be
+ used to determine whether a specific seat provides TTY
+ functionality, i.e. is useful as a text console.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_seat_can_graphical()</function> may
+ be used to determine whether a specific seat provides
+ graphics functionality, i.e. is useful as a graphics
+ display.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <literal>seat</literal> parameter of any
+ of these functions is passed as NULL the operation is
+ executed for the seat of the session of the calling
+ process, if there is any.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para> On success
+ <function>sd_seat_get_active()</function>
+ returns 0 or a positive integer. On success
+ <function>sd_seat_get_sessions()</function> returns
+ the number of entries in the session identifier
+ array. If the test succeeds
+ <function>sd_seat_can_multi_session</function>,
+ <function>sd_seat_can_tty</function> and
+ <function>sd_seat_can_graphical</function> return a
+ positive integer, if it fails 0. On failure, these
+ calls return a negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_seat_get_active()</function>,
+ <function>sd_seat_get_sessions()</function>,
+ <function>sd_seat_can_multi_session()</function>,
+ <function>sd_seat_can_tty()</function> and
+ <function>sd_seat_can_grapical()</function> interfaces
+ are available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_session_get_seat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_session_is_active.xml b/man/sd_session_is_active.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a9107cb95f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_session_is_active.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_session_is_active">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_session_is_active</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_session_is_active</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_session_is_active</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_state</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_uid</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_seat</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_service</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_type</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_class</refname>
+ <refname>sd_session_get_display</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Determine state of a specific session</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_is_active</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_state</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_uid</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t* <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_seat</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_service</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>service</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_type</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>type</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_class</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>class</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_session_get_display</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>session</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>display</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_is_active()</function> may
+ be used to determine whether the session identified by
+ the specified session identifier is currently active
+ (i.e. currently in the foreground and available for
+ user input) or not.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_state()</function> may
+ be used to determine the state of the session
+ identified by the specified session identifier. The
+ following states are currently known:
+ <literal>online</literal> (session logged in, but
+ session not active, i.e. not in the foreground),
+ <literal>active</literal> (session logged in and
+ active, i.e. in the foreground),
+ <literal>closing</literal> (session nominally logged
+ out, but some processes belonging to it are still
+ around). In the future additional states might be
+ defined, client code should be written to be robust in
+ regards to additional state strings being
+ returned. This function is a more generic version of
+ <function>sd_session_is_active()</function>. The returned
+ string needs to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_uid()</function> may be
+ used to determine the user identifier of the Unix user the session
+ identified by the specified session identifier belongs
+ to.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_seat()</function> may
+ be used to determine the seat identifier of the seat
+ the session identified by the specified session
+ identifier belongs to. Note that not all sessions are
+ attached to a seat, this call will fail for them. The
+ returned string needs to be freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_service()</function>
+ may be used to determine the name of the service (as
+ passed during PAM session setup) that registered the
+ session identified by the specified session
+ identifier. The returned string needs to be freed with
+ the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_type()</function> may
+ be used to determine the type of the session
+ identified by the specified session identifier. The
+ returned string is one of <literal>x11</literal>,
+ <literal>tty</literal> or
+ <literal>unspecified</literal> and needs to be freed
+ with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_class()</function> may
+ be used to determine the class of the session
+ identified by the specified session identifier. The
+ returned string is one of <literal>user</literal>,
+ <literal>greeter</literal> or
+ <literal>lock-screen</literal> and needs to be freed
+ with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_session_get_display()</function>
+ may be used to determine the X11 display of the
+ session identified by the specified session
+ identifier. The returned string is one of needs to be
+ freed with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para>If the <literal>session</literal> parameter of
+ any of these functions is passed as NULL the operation
+ is executed for the session the calling process is a
+ member of, if there is any.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>If the test succeeds
+ <function>sd_session_is_active()</function> returns a
+ positive integer, if it fails 0. On success
+ <function>sd_session_get_state()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_uid()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_seat()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_service()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_type()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_class()</function> and
+ <function>sd_session_get_display()</function> return 0 or
+ a positive integer. On failure, these calls return a
+ negative errno-style error code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_session_is_active()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_state()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_uid()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_seat()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_service()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_type()</function>,
+ <function>sd_session_get_class()</function> and
+ <function>sd_session_get_display()</function> interfaces
+ are available as shared library, which can be compiled
+ and linked to with the
+ <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_pid_get_session</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sd_uid_get_state.xml b/man/sd_uid_get_state.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7bc944b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sd_uid_get_state.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="sd_uid_get_state">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sd_uid_get_state</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sd_uid_get_state</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sd_uid_get_state</refname>
+ <refname>sd_uid_is_on_seat</refname>
+ <refname>sd_uid_get_sessions</refname>
+ <refname>sd_uid_get_seats</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Determine login state of a specific Unix user ID</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <funcsynopsis>
+ <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-login.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_uid_get_state</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char** <parameter>state</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_uid_is_on_seat</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>require_active</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>const char* <parameter>seat</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_uid_get_sessions</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>require_active</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char*** <parameter>sessions</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+
+ <funcprototype>
+ <funcdef>int <function>sd_uid_get_seats</function></funcdef>
+ <paramdef>uid_t <parameter>uid</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>int <parameter>require_active</parameter></paramdef>
+ <paramdef>char*** <parameter>seats</parameter></paramdef>
+ </funcprototype>
+ </funcsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><function>sd_uid_get_state()</function> may be
+ used to determine the login state of a specific Unix
+ user identifier. The following states are currently
+ known: <literal>offline</literal> (user not logged in
+ at all), <literal>lingering</literal> (user not logged
+ in, but some user services running),
+ <literal>online</literal> (user logged in, but not
+ active, i.e. has no session in the foreground),
+ <literal>active</literal> (user logged in, and has at
+ least one active session, i.e. one session in the
+ foreground), <literal>closing</literal> (user not
+ logged in, and not lingering, but some processes are
+ still around). In the future additional states might
+ be defined, client code should be written to be robust
+ in regards to additional state strings being
+ returned. The returned string needs to be freed with
+ the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_uid_is_on_seat()</function> may be
+ used to determine whether a specific user is logged in
+ or active on a specific seat. Accepts a Unix user
+ identifier and a seat identifier string as
+ parameters. The <parameter>require_active</parameter>
+ parameter is a boolean value. If non-zero (true) this
+ function will test if the user is active (i.e. has a
+ session that is in the foreground and accepting user
+ input) on the specified seat, otherwise (false) only
+ if the user is logged in (and possibly inactive) on
+ the specified seat.</para>
+
+ <para><function>sd_uid_get_sessions()</function> may
+ be used to determine the current sessions of the
+ specified user. Accepts a Unix user identifier as
+ parameter. The <parameter>require_active</parameter>
+ parameter controls whether the returned list shall
+ consist of only those sessions where the user is
+ currently active (&gt; 0), where the user is currently
+ online but possibly inactive (= 0), or
+ logged in at all but possibly closing the session (&lt; 0). The call returns a
+ NULL terminated string array of session identifiers in
+ <parameter>sessions</parameter> which needs to be
+ freed by the caller with the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>free</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call after use, including all the strings
+ referenced. If the string array parameter is passed as
+ NULL the array will not be filled in, but the return
+ code still indicates the number of current
+ sessions. Note that instead of an empty array NULL may
+ be returned and should be considered equivalent to an
+ empty array.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar, <function>sd_uid_get_seats()</function>
+ may be used to determine the list of seats on which
+ the user currently has sessions. Similar semantics
+ apply, however note that the user may have
+ multiple sessions on the same seat as well as sessions
+ with no attached seat and hence the number of entries
+ in the returned array may differ from the one returned
+ by <function>sd_uid_get_sessions()</function>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Return Value</title>
+
+ <para>On success
+ <function>sd_uid_get_state()</function> returns 0 or a
+ positive integer. If the test succeeds
+ <function>sd_uid_is_on_seat()</function> returns a
+ positive integer, if it fails
+ 0. <function>sd_uid_get_sessions()</function> and
+ <function>sd_uid_get_seats()</function> return the
+ number of entries in the returned arrays. On failure,
+ these calls return a negative errno-style error
+ code.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>The <function>sd_uid_get_state()</function>,
+ <function>sd_uid_is_on_seat()</function>,
+ <function>sd_uid_get_sessions()</function>, and
+ <function>sd_uid_get_seats()</function> interfaces are
+ available as shared library, which can be compiled and
+ linked to with the <literal>libsystemd-login</literal>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_pid_get_owner_uid</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/shutdown.xml b/man/shutdown.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d54fcb25ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/shutdown.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="shutdown">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>shutdown</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>shutdown</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Halt, power-off or reboot the machine</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>shutdown <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">TIME</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">WALL</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>shutdown</command> may be used to halt,
+ power-off or reboot the machine.</para>
+
+ <para>The first argument may be a time string (which
+ is usually <literal>now</literal>). Optionally, this
+ may be followed by a wall message to be sent to all
+ logged-in users before going down.</para>
+
+ <para>The time string may either be in the format
+ <literal>hh:mm</literal> for hour/minutes specifying
+ the time to execute the shutdown at, specified in 24h
+ clock format. Alternatively it may be in the syntax
+ <literal>+m</literal> referring to the specified
+ number of minutes m from now. <literal>now</literal>
+ is an alias for <literal>+0</literal>, i.e. for
+ triggering an immediate shutdown. If no time argument
+ is specified, <literal>+1</literal> is
+ implied.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that to specify a wall message you must
+ specify a time argument, too.</para>
+
+ <para>If the time argument is used, 5 minutes
+ before the system goes down the
+ <filename>/etc/nologin</filename> file is created to
+ ensure that further logins shall not be
+ allowed.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-H</option></term>
+ <term><option>--halt</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Halt the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-P</option></term>
+ <term><option>--poweroff</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Power-off the
+ machine (the default).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-r</option></term>
+ <term><option>--reboot</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reboot the
+ machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Equivalent to
+ <option>--poweroff</option>, unless
+ <option>--halt</option> is
+ specified.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-k</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't halt, power-off,
+ reboot, just write wall
+ message.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't send wall
+ message before
+ halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-c</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Cancel a pending
+ shutdown. This may be used cancel the
+ effect of an invocation of
+ <command>shutdown</command> with a
+ time argument that is not
+ <literal>+0</literal> or
+ <literal>now</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This is a legacy command available for
+ compatibility only.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>halt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/sysctl.d.xml b/man/sysctl.d.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69aac8cab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/sysctl.d.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="sysctl.d">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sysctl.d</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sysctl.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sysctl.d</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure kernel parameters at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/run/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>At boot,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ reads configuration files from the above directories
+ to configure
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ kernel parameters.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Configuration Format</title>
+
+ <para>The configuration files contain a list of
+ variable assignments, separated by newlines. Empty
+ lines and lines whose first non-whitespace character
+ is # or ; are ignored.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that both / and . are accepted as label
+ separators within sysctl variable
+ names. <literal>kernel.domainname=foo</literal> and
+ <literal>kernel/domainname=foo</literal> hence are
+ entirely equivalent.</para>
+
+ <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
+ style of <filename>&lt;program&gt;.conf</filename>.
+ Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files
+ with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>
+ and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the same
+ name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages
+ should install their configuration files in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local
+ administrator, who may use this logic to override the
+ configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
+ configuration files are sorted by their filename in
+ alphabetical order, regardless in which of the
+ directories they reside, to guarantee that a specific
+ configuration file takes precedence over another file
+ with an alphabetically earlier name, if both files
+ contain the same variable setting.</para>
+
+ <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
+ configuration file supplied by the vendor the
+ recommended way is to place a symlink to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
+ <filename>/etc/sysctl.d/</filename> bearing the
+ same file name.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+ <example>
+ <title>/etc/sysctl.d/domain-name.conf example:</title>
+
+ <programlisting># Set kernel YP domain name
+kernel.domainname=example.com</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemctl.xml b/man/systemctl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31f3b1a909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemctl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1268 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemctl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemctl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
+ introspect and control the state of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ system and service manager.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--type=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-t</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The argument should
+ be a unit type name such as
+ <option>service</option> and
+ <option>socket</option>,
+ or a unit load state such as
+ <option>loaded</option> and
+ <option>masked</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If the argument is a unit type,
+ when listing units, limit display to
+ certain unit types. If not specified
+ units of all types will be shown.</para>
+
+ <para>If the argument is a unit load state,
+ when listing units, limit display to
+ certain unit types. If not specified
+ units of in all load states will be
+ shown.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--property=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When showing
+ unit/job/manager properties, limit
+ display to certain properties as
+ specified as argument. If not
+ specified all set properties are
+ shown. The argument should be a
+ property name, such as
+ <literal>MainPID</literal>. If
+ specified more than once all
+ properties with the specified names
+ are shown.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--all</option></term>
+ <term><option>-a</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When listing units,
+ show all units, regardless of their
+ state, including inactive units. When
+ showing unit/job/manager properties,
+ show all properties regardless whether
+ they are set or not.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--failed</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When listing units,
+ show only failed units. Do not confuse
+ with
+ <option>--fail</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--full</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not ellipsize unit
+ names and truncate unit descriptions
+ in the output of
+ <command>list-units</command> and
+ <command>list-jobs</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--fail</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If the requested
+ operation conflicts with a pending
+ unfinished job, fail the command. If
+ this is not specified the requested
+ operation will replace the pending job,
+ if necessary. Do not confuse
+ with
+ <option>--failed</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--ignore-dependencies</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When enqueuing a new
+ job ignore all its dependencies and
+ execute it immediately. If passed no
+ required units of the unit passed will
+ be pulled in, and no ordering
+ dependencies will be honored. This is
+ mostly a debugging and rescue tool for
+ the administrator and should not be
+ used by
+ applications.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+ <term><option>-q</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Suppress output to
+ STDOUT in
+ <command>snapshot</command>,
+ <command>is-active</command>,
+ <command>enable</command> and
+ <command>disable</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-block</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not synchronously wait for
+ the requested operation to finish. If this is
+ not specified the job will be verified,
+ enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
+ wait until it is completed. By passing this
+ argument it is only verified and
+ enqueued.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-legend</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not print a legend, i.e.
+ the column headers and the footer with hints.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--system</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
+ system manager. (Default)</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--user</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
+ manager of the calling user.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--order</option></term>
+ <term><option>--require</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used in
+ conjunction with the
+ <command>dot</command> command (see
+ below), selects which dependencies are
+ shown in the dependency graph. If
+ <option>--order</option> is passed
+ only dependencies of type
+ <varname>After=</varname> or
+ <varname>Before=</varname> are
+ shown. If <option>--require</option>
+ is passed only dependencies of type
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
+ <varname>Requisite=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
+ <varname>Wants=</varname> and
+ <varname>Conflicts=</varname> are
+ shown. If neither is passed, shows
+ dependencies of all these
+ types.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't send wall
+ message before
+ halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--global</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>enable</command> and
+ <command>disable</command>, operate on the
+ global user configuration
+ directory, thus enabling or disabling
+ a unit file globally for all future
+ logins of all users.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>enable</command> and
+ <command>disable</command>, do not
+ implicitly reload daemon configuration
+ after executing the
+ changes.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>start</command> and related
+ commands, disables asking for
+ passwords. Background services may
+ require input of a password or
+ passphrase string, for example to
+ unlock system hard disks or
+ cryptographic certificates. Unless
+ this option is specified and the
+ command is invoked from a terminal
+ <command>systemctl</command> will
+ query the user on the terminal for the
+ necessary secrets. Use this option to
+ switch this behavior off. In this case
+ the password must be supplied by some
+ other means (for example graphical
+ password agents) or the service might
+ fail. This also disables querying the
+ user for authentication for privileged
+ operations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>kill</command>, choose which
+ processes to kill. Must be one of
+ <option>main</option>,
+ <option>control</option> or
+ <option>all</option> to select whether
+ to kill only the main process of the
+ unit, the control process or all
+ processes of the unit. If omitted
+ defaults to
+ <option>all</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--signal=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-s</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>kill</command>, choose which
+ signal to send to selected
+ processes. Must be one of the well
+ known signal specifiers such as
+ SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGSTOP. If
+ omitted defaults to
+ <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--force</option></term>
+ <term><option>-f</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>enable</command>, overwrite any
+ existing conflicting
+ symlinks.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>halt</command>,
+ <command>poweroff</command>,
+ <command>reboot</command> or
+ <command>kexec</command> execute the
+ selected operation without shutting
+ down all units. However, all processes
+ will be killed forcibly and all file
+ systems are unmounted or remounted
+ read-only. This is hence a drastic but
+ relatively safe option to request an
+ immediate reboot. If
+ <option>--force</option> is specified
+ twice for these operations, they will
+ be executed immediately without
+ terminating any processes or umounting
+ any file systems. Warning: specifying
+ <option>--force</option> twice with
+ any of these operations might result
+ in data loss.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--root=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command> (and
+ related commands), use alternative
+ root path when looking for unit
+ files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--runtime</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command> (and related commands), make
+ changes only temporarily, so that they
+ are dropped on the next reboot. This
+ will have the effect that changes are
+ not made in subdirectories of
+ <filename>/etc</filename> but in
+ <filename>/run</filename>, with
+ identical immediate effects, however,
+ since the latter is lost on reboot,
+ the changes are lost
+ too.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-H</option></term>
+ <term><option>--host</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Execute operation
+ remotely. Specify a hostname, or
+ username and hostname separated by @,
+ to connect to. This will use SSH to
+ talk to the remote systemd
+ instance.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-P</option></term>
+ <term><option>--privileged</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Acquire privileges via
+ PolicyKit before executing the
+ operation.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--lines=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-n</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>status</command> controls the
+ number of journal lines to show,
+ counting from the most recent
+ ones. Takes a positive integer
+ argument. Defaults to
+ 10.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--output=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-o</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used with
+ <command>status</command> controls the
+ formatting of the journal entries that
+ are shown. For the available choices
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Defaults
+ to
+ <literal>short</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-units</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List known units.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>start [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Start (activate) one
+ or more units specified on the command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>stop [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Stop (deactivate) one
+ or more units specified on the command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reload [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Asks all units listed
+ on the command line to reload their
+ configuration. Note that this will
+ reload the service-specific
+ configuration, not the unit
+ configuration file of systemd. If you
+ want systemd to reload the
+ configuration file of a unit use the
+ <command>daemon-reload</command>
+ command. In other words: for the
+ example case of Apache, this will
+ reload Apache's
+ <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the
+ web server, not the
+ <filename>apache.service</filename>
+ systemd unit file. </para>
+
+ <para>This command should not be
+ confused with the
+ <command>daemon-reload</command> or
+ <command>load</command>
+ commands.</para></listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>restart [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Restart one or more
+ units specified on the command
+ line. If the units are not running yet
+ they will be
+ started.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Restart one or more
+ units specified on the command
+ line if the units are running. Do
+ nothing if units are not running.
+ Note that for compatibility
+ with Red Hat init scripts
+ <command>condrestart</command> is
+ equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reload-or-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reload one or more
+ units if they support it. If not,
+ restart them instead. If the units
+ are not running yet they will be
+ started.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reload-or-try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reload one or more
+ units if they support it. If not,
+ restart them instead. Do nothing if
+ the units are not running. Note that
+ for compatibility with SysV init
+ scripts
+ <command>force-reload</command> is
+ equivalent to this
+ command.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>isolate [NAME]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Start the unit
+ specified on the command line and its
+ dependencies and stop all others.</para>
+
+ <para>This is similar to changing the
+ runlevel in a traditional init system. The
+ <command>isolate</command> command will
+ immediately stop processes that are not
+ enabled in the new unit, possibly including
+ the graphical environment or terminal you
+ are currently using.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that this works only on units
+ where <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is
+ enabled. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>kill [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Send a signal to one
+ or more processes of the unit. Use
+ <option>--kill-who=</option> to select
+ which process to kill. Use
+ <option>--kill-mode=</option> to
+ select the kill mode and
+ <option>--signal=</option> to select
+ the signal to send.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-active [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Check whether any of
+ the specified units are active
+ (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
+ 0 if at least one is active, non-zero
+ otherwise. Unless
+ <option>--quiet</option> is specified
+ this will also print the current unit
+ state to STDOUT.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>status [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
+ status information about one or more
+ units, followed by its most recent log
+ data from the journal. This function
+ is intended to generate human-readable
+ output. If you are looking for
+ computer-parsable output, use
+ <command>show</command> instead. If a
+ PID is passed information about the
+ unit the process of the PID belongs to
+ is shown.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show [NAME...|JOB...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show properties of one
+ or more units, jobs or the manager
+ itself. If no argument is specified
+ properties of the manager will be
+ shown. If a unit name is specified
+ properties of the unit is shown, and
+ if a job id is specified properties of
+ the job is shown. By default, empty
+ properties are suppressed. Use
+ <option>--all</option> to show those
+ too. To select specific properties to
+ show use
+ <option>--property=</option>. This
+ command is intended to be used
+ whenever computer-parsable output is
+ required. Use
+ <command>status</command> if you are
+ looking for formatted human-readable
+ output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>help [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show manual pages for
+ one or more units, if available. If a
+ PID is passed the manual pages for the
+ unit the process of the PID belongs to
+ is shown.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reset-failed [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reset the
+ '<literal>failed</literal>' state of the
+ specified units, or if no unit name is
+ passed of all units. When a unit fails
+ in some way (i.e. process exiting with
+ non-zero error code, terminating
+ abnormally or timing out) it will
+ automatically enter the
+ '<literal>failed</literal>' state and
+ its exit code and status is recorded
+ for introspection by the administrator
+ until the service is restarted or
+ reset with this
+ command.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-unit-files</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List installed unit files.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>enable [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enable one or
+ more unit files or unit file
+ instances, as specified on the
+ command line. This will create a
+ number of symlinks as encoded in
+ the <literal>[Install]</literal>
+ sections of the unit files. After
+ the symlinks have been created the
+ systemd configuration is reloaded
+ (in a way that is equivalent to
+ <command>daemon-reload</command>)
+ to ensure the changes are taken into
+ account immediately. Note that this
+ does not have the effect that any of
+ the units enabled are also started at
+ the same time. If this is desired
+ a separate <command>start</command>
+ command must be invoked for the unit.
+ Also note that in case of instance
+ enablement, symlinks named same as
+ instances are created in install
+ location, however they all point to
+ the same template unit file.</para>
+
+ <para>This command will
+ print the actions executed. This
+ output may be suppressed by passing
+ <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that this operation creates
+ only the suggested symlinks for the
+ units. While this command is the
+ recommended way to manipulate the unit
+ configuration directory, the
+ administrator is free to make
+ additional changes manually, by
+ placing or removing symlinks in the
+ directory. This is particularly useful
+ to create configurations that deviate
+ from the suggested default
+ installation. In this case the
+ administrator must make sure to invoke
+ <command>daemon-reload</command>
+ manually as necessary, to ensure his
+ changes are taken into account.</para>
+
+ <para>Enabling units should not be
+ confused with starting (activating)
+ units, as done by the
+ <command>start</command>
+ command. Enabling and starting units
+ is orthogonal: units may be enabled
+ without being started and started
+ without being enabled. Enabling simply
+ hooks the unit into various suggested
+ places (for example, so that the unit
+ is automatically started on boot or
+ when a particular kind of hardware is
+ plugged in). Starting actually spawns
+ the daemon process (in case of service
+ units), or binds the socket (in case
+ of socket units), and so
+ on.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on whether
+ <option>--system</option>,
+ <option>--user</option> or
+ <option>--global</option> is specified
+ this enables the unit for the system,
+ for the calling user only
+ or for all future logins of all
+ users. Note that in the latter case no
+ systemd daemon configuration is
+ reloaded.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>disable [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Disables one or more
+ units. This removes all symlinks to
+ the specified unit files from the unit
+ configuration directory, and hence
+ undoes the changes made by
+ <command>enable</command>. Note
+ however that this removes
+ all symlinks to the unit files
+ (i.e. including manual additions), not
+ just those actually created by
+ <command>enable</command>. This call
+ implicitly reloads the systemd daemon
+ configuration after completing the
+ disabling of the units. Note that this
+ command does not implicitly stop the
+ units that are being disabled. If this
+ is desired an additional
+ <command>stop</command> command should
+ be executed afterwards.</para>
+
+ <para>This command will print the
+ actions executed. This output may be
+ suppressed by passing
+ <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <para>This command honors
+ <option>--system</option>,
+ <option>--user</option>,
+ <option>--global</option> in a similar
+ way as
+ <command>enable</command>.</para>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-enabled [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Checks whether any of
+ the specified unit files are enabled
+ (as with
+ <command>enable</command>). Returns an
+ exit code of 0 if at least one is
+ enabled, non-zero otherwise. Prints
+ the current enable status. To suppress
+ this output use
+ <option>--quiet</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reenable [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reenable one or more
+ unit files, as specified on the
+ command line. This is a combination of
+ <command>disable</command> and
+ <command>enable</command> and is
+ useful to reset the symlinks a unit is
+ enabled with to the defaults
+ configured in the
+ <literal>[Install]</literal> section
+ of the unit file.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>preset [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reset one or more unit
+ files, as specified on the command
+ line, to the defaults configured in
+ the preset policy files. This has the
+ same effect as
+ <command>disable</command> or
+ <command>enable</command>, depending
+ how the unit is listed in the preset
+ files. For more information on preset
+ policy format see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For
+ more information on the concept of
+ presets please consult the <ulink
+ url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
+ document.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>mask [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Mask one or more unit
+ files, as specified on the command
+ line. This will link these units to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename>, making
+ it impossible to start them. This is a stronger version
+ of <command>disable</command>, since
+ it prohibits all kinds of activation
+ of the unit, including manual
+ activation. Use this option with
+ care.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>unmask [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Unmask one or more
+ unit files, as specified on the
+ command line. This will undo the
+ effect of
+ <command>mask</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>link [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Link a unit file that
+ is not in the unit file search paths
+ into the unit file search path. This
+ requires an absolute path to a unit
+ file. The effect of this can be undone
+ with <command>disable</command>. The
+ effect of this command is that a unit
+ file is available for
+ <command>start</command> and other
+ commands although it isn't installed
+ directly in the unit search
+ path.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>load [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Load one or more units
+ specified on the command line. This
+ will simply load their configuration
+ from disk, but not start them. To
+ start them you need to use the
+ <command>start</command> command which
+ will implicitly load a unit that has
+ not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
+ garbage collects loaded units that are
+ not active or referenced by an active
+ unit. This means that units loaded
+ this way will usually not stay loaded
+ for long. Also note that this command
+ cannot be used to reload unit
+ configuration. Use the
+ <command>daemon-reload</command>
+ command for that. All in all, this
+ command is of little use except for
+ debugging.</para>
+ <para>This command should not be
+ confused with the
+ <command>daemon-reload</command> or
+ <command>reload</command>
+ commands.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List jobs that are in progress.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>cancel [JOB...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Cancel one or more
+ jobs specified on the command line by
+ their numeric job
+ IDs. If no job id is specified, cancel all pending jobs.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>dump</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Dump server
+ status. This will output a (usually
+ very long) human readable manager
+ status dump. Its format is subject to
+ change without notice and should not
+ be parsed by
+ applications.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>dot</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Generate textual
+ dependency graph description in dot
+ format for further processing with the
+ GraphViz
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool. Use a command line like
+ <command>systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg >
+ systemd.svg</command> to generate a
+ graphical dependency tree. Unless
+ <option>--order</option> or
+ <option>--require</option> is passed
+ the generated graph will show both
+ ordering and requirement
+ dependencies.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>snapshot [NAME]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Create a snapshot. If
+ a snapshot name is specified, the new
+ snapshot will be named after it. If
+ none is specified an automatic
+ snapshot name is generated. In either
+ case, the snapshot name used is
+ printed to STDOUT, unless
+ <option>--quiet</option> is
+ specified.</para>
+
+ <para>A snapshot refers to a saved
+ state of the systemd manager. It is
+ implemented itself as a unit that is
+ generated dynamically with this
+ command and has dependencies on all
+ units active at the time. At a later
+ time the user may return to this state
+ by using the
+ <command>isolate</command> command on
+ the snapshot unit.</para></listitem>
+
+ <para>Snapshots are only useful for
+ saving and restoring which units are
+ running or are stopped, they do not
+ save/restore any other
+ state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
+ on reboot.</para>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>delete [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Remove a snapshot
+ previously created with
+ <command>snapshot</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reload systemd manager
+ configuration. This will reload all
+ unit files and recreate the entire
+ dependency tree. While the daemon is
+ reloaded, all sockets systemd listens
+ on on behalf of user configuration will
+ stay accessible.</para> <para>This
+ command should not be confused with
+ the <command>load</command> or
+ <command>reload</command>
+ commands.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reexecute the systemd
+ manager. This will serialize the
+ manager state, reexecute the process
+ and deserialize the state again. This
+ command is of little use except for
+ debugging and package
+ upgrades. Sometimes it might be
+ helpful as a heavy-weight
+ <command>daemon-reload</command>. While
+ the daemon is reexecuted all sockets
+ systemd listens on on behalf of user
+ configuration will stay
+ accessible.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Dump the systemd
+ manager environment block. The
+ environment block will be dumped in
+ straight-forward form suitable for
+ sourcing into a shell script. This
+ environment block will be passed to
+ all processes the manager
+ spawns.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-environment [NAME=VALUE...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set one or more
+ systemd manager environment variables,
+ as specified on the command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>unset-environment [NAME...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Unset one or more
+ systemd manager environment
+ variables. If only a variable name is
+ specified it will be removed
+ regardless of its value. If a variable
+ and a value are specified the variable
+ is only removed if it has the
+ specified value.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>default</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enter default
+ mode. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>start
+ default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>rescue</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enter rescue
+ mode. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>isolate
+ rescue.target</command> but also
+ prints a wall message to all
+ users.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>emergency</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enter emergency
+ mode. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>isolate
+ emergency.target</command> but also
+ prints a wall message to all
+ users.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>halt</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shut down and halt the
+ system. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>start halt.target</command>
+ but also prints a wall message to all
+ users. If combined with
+ <option>--force</option> shutdown of
+ all running services is skipped,
+ however all processes are killed and
+ all file systems are unmounted or
+ mounted read-only, immediately
+ followed by the system halt. If
+ <option>--force</option> is specified
+ twice the operation is immediately
+ executed without terminating any
+ processes or unmounting any file
+ systems. This may result in data
+ loss.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shut down and
+ power-off the system. This is mostly
+ equivalent to <command>start
+ poweroff.target</command> but also
+ prints a wall message to all users. If
+ combined with <option>--force</option>
+ shutdown of all running services is
+ skipped, however all processes are
+ killed and all file systems are
+ unmounted or mounted read-only,
+ immediately followed by the powering
+ off. If <option>--force</option> is
+ specified twice the operation is
+ immediately executed without
+ terminating any processes or
+ unmounting any file systems. This may
+ result in data loss.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reboot</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
+ the system. This is mostly equivalent
+ to <command>start
+ reboot.target</command> but also
+ prints a wall message to all users. If
+ combined with <option>--force</option>
+ shutdown of all running services is
+ skipped, however all processes are
+ killed and all file systems are
+ unmounted or mounted read-only,
+ immediately followed by the reboot. If
+ <option>--force</option> is specified
+ twice the operation is immediately
+ executed without terminating any
+ processes or unmounting any file
+ systems. This may result in data
+ loss.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>kexec</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
+ the system via kexec. This is mostly
+ equivalent to <command>start
+ kexec.target</command> but also prints
+ a wall message to all users. If
+ combined with <option>--force</option>
+ shutdown of all running services is
+ skipped, however all processes are killed
+ and all file systems are unmounted or
+ mounted read-only, immediately
+ followed by the
+ reboot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>exit</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ask the systemd
+ manager to quit. This is only
+ supported for user service managers
+ (i.e. in conjunction with the
+ <option>--user</option> option) and
+ will fail otherwise.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>suspend</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Suspend the
+ system. This will trigger activation
+ of the special
+ <filename>suspend.target</filename>
+ target.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>hibernate</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Hibernate the
+ system. This will trigger activation
+ of the special
+ <filename>hibernate.target</filename>
+ target.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Hibernate and suspend
+ the system. This will trigger
+ activation of the special
+ <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>
+ target.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Switches to a
+ different root directory and executes
+ a new system manager process below
+ it. This is intended for usage in
+ initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will
+ transition from the initrd's system
+ manager process (a.k.a "init" process)
+ to the main system manager
+ process. Takes two arguments: the
+ directory to make the new root
+ directory, and the path to the new
+ system manager binary below it to
+ execute as PID 1. If the latter is
+ omitted or the empty string, a
+ systemd binary will automatically be
+ searched for and used as init. If the
+ system manager path is omitted or
+ equal the empty string the state of
+ the initrd's system manager process is
+ passed to the main system manager,
+ which allows later introspection of the
+ state of the services involved in the
+ initrd boot.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Pager to use when
+ <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
+ overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
+ this to an empty string or the value
+ <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
+ <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-analyze.xml b/man/systemd-analyze.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2ff9cc5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-analyze.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-analyze">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-analyze</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-analyze</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-analyze</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Analyze system boot-up performance</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-analyze <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> time</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-analyze <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> blame </command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-analyze <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> plot <arg choice="opt">&gt; file.svg</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-analyze</command> may be used
+ to determine system boot-up performance of the current
+ boot.</para>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-analyze time</command>
+ prints the time spent in the kernel before
+ userspace has been reached, the time spent in the
+ initial RAM disk (initrd) before normal system
+ userspace has been reached and the time normal system
+ userspace took to initialize. Note that these
+ measurements simply measure the time passed up to the
+ point where all system services have been spawned, but
+ not necessarily until they fully finished
+ initialization or the disk is idle.</para>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-analyze blame</command> prints
+ a list of all running units, ordered by the time they
+ took to initialize. This information may be used to
+ optimize boot-up times. Note that the output might be
+ misleading as the initialization of one service might
+ be slow simply because it waits for the initialization
+ of another service to complete.</para>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-analyze plot</command> prints
+ an SVG graphic detailing which system services have
+ been started at what time, highlighting the time they
+ spent on initialization.</para>
+
+ <para>If no command is passed <command>systemd-analyze
+ time</command> is implied.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--user</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shows performance data
+ of user sessions instead of the system
+ manager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-ask-password-console.service.xml b/man/systemd-ask-password-console.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c87feb179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-ask-password-console.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-ask-password-console.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-ask-password-console.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-ask-password-console.path</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-ask-password-wall.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-ask-password-wall.path</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Query the user for system passwords on the
+ console and via wall</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-ask-password-console.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-ask-password-console.path</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-ask-password-wall.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-ask-password-wall.path</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-ask-password-console.service</filename>
+ is a system service that queries the user for system
+ passwords (such as hard disk encryption keys and SSL
+ certificate passphrases) on the console. It is
+ intended to be used during boot to ensure proper
+ handling of passwords necessary for
+ boot. <filename>systemd-ask-password-wall.service</filename>
+ is a system service that informs all logged in users
+ for system passwords via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. It
+ is intended to be used after boot to ensure that users
+ are properly notified.</para>
+
+ <para>See the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PasswordAgents">
+ developer documentation</ulink> for more information
+ about the system password logic.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these services invoke
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ with either the <command>--watch --console</command>
+ or <command>--watch --wall</command> command line
+ parameters.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-ask-password.xml b/man/systemd-ask-password.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b0b9ab809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-ask-password.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-ask-password">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-ask-password</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-ask-password</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Query the user for a system password</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-ask-password <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">MESSAGE</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-ask-password</command> may be
+ used to query a system password or passphrase from the
+ user, using a question message specified on the
+ command line. When run from a TTY it will query a
+ password on the TTY and print it to STDOUT. When run
+ with no TTY or with <option>--no-tty</option> it will
+ query the password system-wide and allow active users
+ to respond via several agents. The latter is
+ only available to privileged processes.</para>
+
+ <para>The purpose of this tool is to query system-wide
+ passwords -- that is passwords not attached to a
+ specific user account. Examples include: unlocking
+ encrypted hard disks when they are plugged in or at
+ boot, entering an SSL certificate passphrase for web
+ and VPN servers.</para>
+
+ <para>Existing agents are: a boot-time password agent
+ asking the user for passwords using Plymouth; a
+ boot-time password agent querying the user directly on
+ the console; an agent requesting password input via a
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ message; an agent suitable for running in a GNOME
+ session; a command line agent which can be started
+ temporarily to process queued password requests; a TTY
+ agent that is temporarily spawned during
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ invocations.</para>
+
+ <para>Additional password agents may be implemented
+ according to the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PasswordAgents">systemd
+ Password Agent Specification</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>If a password is queried on a TTY the user may
+ press TAB to hide the asterisks normally shown for
+ each character typed. Pressing Backspace as first key
+ achieves the same effect.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--icon=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specify an icon name
+ alongside the password query, which may
+ be used in all agents supporting
+ graphical display. The icon name
+ should follow the <ulink
+ url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-naming-spec/icon-naming-spec-latest.html">XDG
+ Icon Naming
+ Specification</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--timeout=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specify the query
+ timeout in seconds. Defaults to
+ 90s.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-tty</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Never ask for password
+ on current TTY even if one is
+ available. Always use agent
+ system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--accept-cached</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If passed accept
+ cached passwords, i.e. passwords
+ previously typed in.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--multiple</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When used in
+ conjunction with
+ <option>--accept-cached</option>
+ accept multiple passwords. This will
+ output one password per
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-binfmt.service.xml b/man/systemd-binfmt.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1db735a826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-binfmt.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-binfmt.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-binfmt.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-binfmt.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-binfmt.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-binfmt</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-binfmt.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-binfmt</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-binfmt.service</filename> is
+ an early-boot service that registers additional binary
+ formats for executables in the kernel.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>binfmt.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about the configuration of this
+ service.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>binfmt.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-cat.xml b/man/systemd-cat.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cac275b453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-cat.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-cat">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-cat</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-cat</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-cat</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Connect a pipeline or program's output with the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-cat <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGUMENTS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-cat <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-cat</command> may be used to
+ connect STDOUT and STDERR of a process with the
+ journal, or as a filter tool in a shell pipeline to
+ pass the output the previous pipeline element
+ generates to the journal.</para>
+
+ <para>If no parameter is passed
+ <command>systemd-cat</command> will write
+ everything it reads from standard input (STDIN) to the journal.</para>
+
+ <para>If parameters are passed they are executed as
+ command line with standard output (STDOUT) and standard
+ error output (STDERR) connected to the journal, so
+ that all it writes is stored in the journal.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-t</option></term>
+ <term><option>--identifier=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specify a short string
+ that is used to identify the logging
+ tool. If not specified no identifying
+ string is written to the journal.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+ <term><option>--priority=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specify the default
+ priority level for the logged
+ messages. Pass one of
+ <literal>emerg</literal>,
+ <literal>alert</literal>,
+ <literal>crit</literal>,
+ <literal>err</literal>,
+ <literal>warning</literal>,
+ <literal>notice</literal>,
+ <literal>info</literal>,
+ <literal>debug</literal>, or a
+ value between 0 and 7 (corresponding
+ to the same named levels). These
+ priority values are the same as
+ defined by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Defaults
+ to <literal>info</literal>. Note that
+ this simply controls the default,
+ individual lines may be logged with
+ different levels if they are prefixed
+ accordingly. For details see
+ <option>--level-prefix=</option>
+ below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--level-prefix=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls whether lines
+ read are parsed for syslog priority
+ level prefixes. If enabled (the
+ default) a line prefixed with a
+ priority prefix such as
+ <literal>&lt;5&gt;</literal> is logged
+ at priority 5
+ (<literal>notice</literal>), and
+ similar for the other priority
+ levels. Takes a boolean
+ argument.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Invoke a program</title>
+
+ <para>This calls <filename>/bin/ls</filename>
+ with STDOUT/STDERR connected to the
+ journal:</para>
+
+ <programlisting># systemd-cat ls</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Usage in a shell pipeline</title>
+
+ <para>This builds a shell pipeline also
+ invoking <filename>/bin/ls</filename> and
+ writes the output it generates to the
+ journal:</para>
+
+ <programlisting># ls | systemd-cat</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>Even though the two examples have very similar
+ effects the first is preferable since only one process
+ is running at a time, and both STDOUT and STDERR are
+ captured while in the second example only STDOUT is
+ captured.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-cgls.xml b/man/systemd-cgls.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b6ee93b4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-cgls.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-cgls">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-cgls</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-cgls</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-cgls</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Recursively show control group contents</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-cgls <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">CGROUP</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-cgls</command> recursively
+ shows the contents of the selected Linux control group
+ hierarchy in a tree. If arguments are specified shows
+ all member processes of the specified control groups
+ plus all their subgroups and their members. The
+ control groups may either be specified by their full
+ file paths or are assumed in the systemd control group
+ hierarchy. If no argument is specified and the current
+ working directory is beneath the control group mount
+ point <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup</filename> shows the contents
+ of the control group the working directory refers
+ to. Otherwise the full systemd control group hierarchy
+ is shown.</para>
+
+ <para>By default empty control groups are not
+ shown.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--all</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't hide empty
+ control groups in the
+ output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-k</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Include kernel
+ threads in output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cgtop</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-cgtop.xml b/man/systemd-cgtop.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a34512b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-cgtop.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-cgtop">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-cgtop</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-cgtop</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-cgtop</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Show top control groups by their resource usage</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-cgtop <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-cgtop</command> shows the top
+ control groups of the local Linux control group
+ hierarchy, ordered by their CPU, memory and disk I/O load. The
+ display is refreshed in regular intervals (by default
+ every 1s), similar in style to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Resource usage is only accounted for control
+ groups in the relevant hierarchy, i.e. CPU usage is
+ only accounted for control groups in the
+ <literal>cpuacct</literal> hierarchy, memory usage
+ only for those in <literal>memory</literal> and disk
+ I/O usage for those in
+ <literal>blkio</literal>. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ by default places all services in their own control
+ group in the <literal>cpuacct</literal> hierarchy, but
+ not in <literal>memory</literal> nor
+ <literal>blkio</literal>. If resource monitoring for
+ these resources is required it is recommended to add
+ <literal>blkio</literal> and <literal>memory</literal>
+ to the <varname>DefaultControllers=</varname> setting
+ in <filename>/etc/systemd/system.conf</filename> (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). Alternatively, it is possible to enable
+ resource accounting individually for services, by
+ making use of the <varname>ControlGroup=</varname>
+ option in the unit files (See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details).</para>
+
+ <para>To emphasize this: unless
+ <literal>blkio</literal> and <literal>memory</literal>
+ are enabled for the services in question with either
+ of the options suggested above no resource accounting
+ will be available for system services and the data shown
+ by <command>systemd-cgtop</command> will be
+ incomplete.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a version string and
+ exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Order by control group
+ path name.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-t</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Order by number of
+ tasks in control
+ group (i.e. threads and processes).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-c</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Order by CPU load.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-m</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Order by memory usage.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-i</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Order by disk I/O load.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-b</option></term>
+ <term><option>--batch</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Run in "batch" mode:
+ do not accept input and run until the
+ iteration limit set with
+ <option>--iterations</option> is
+ exhausted or until killed. This mode
+ could be useful for sending output
+ from <command>systemd-cgtop</command>
+ to other programs or to a
+ file.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-n</option></term>
+ <term><option>--iterations=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Perform only this many
+ iterations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-d</option></term>
+ <term><option>--delay=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Specify refresh delay
+ in seconds (or if one of
+ <literal>ms</literal>,
+ <literal>us</literal>,
+ <literal>min</literal> is specified as
+ unit in this time
+ unit).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--depth=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Maximum control group
+ tree traversal depth. Specifies how
+ deep <command>systemd-cgtop</command>
+ shall traverse the control group
+ hierarchies. If 0 is specified only
+ the root group is monitored, for 1
+ only the first level of control groups
+ is monitored, and so on. Defaults to
+ 3.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Keys</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-cgtop</command> is an
+ interactive tool and may be controlled via user input
+ using the following keys:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>h</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Shows a short help text.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SPACE</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately refresh output.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>q</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Terminate the program.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>p</term>
+ <term>t</term>
+ <term>c</term>
+ <term>m</term>
+ <term>i</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sort the control groups
+ by path, number of tasks, CPU load,
+ memory usage, or IO
+ load, respectively.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>+</term>
+ <term>-</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Increase
+ or decrease refresh
+ delay, respectively.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cgls</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>top</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-coredumpctl.xml b/man/systemd-coredumpctl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b54b90999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-coredumpctl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-coredumpctl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-coredumpctl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Zbigniew</firstname>
+ <surname>Jędrzejewski-Szmek</surname>
+ <email>zbyszek@in.waw.pl</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-coredumpctl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-coredumpctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Retrieve coredumps from the journal</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-coredumpctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">PID|COMM|EXE|MATCH</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-coredumpctl</command> may be used to
+ retrieve coredumps from
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Print a short help
+ text and exit.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Print a short version
+ string and exit.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--field=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-F</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Print all possible
+ data values the specified field
+ takes in matching coredump entries of the
+ journal.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--output=FILE</option></term>
+ <term><option>-o FILE</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Write the core to
+ <option>FILE</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output of
+ <command>list</command> into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-legend</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not print the column headers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List coredumps captured in the journal
+ matching specified characteristics.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>dump</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Extract the last coredump
+ matching specified characteristics.
+ Coredump will be written on stdout, unless
+ an output file is specified with
+ <option>-o/--output</option>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>gdb</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Invoke the GNU
+ debugger on the last coredump matching
+ specified characteristics.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Matching</title>
+
+ <para>Match can be:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>PID</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Process ID of the
+ process that dumped
+ core. An integer.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>COMM</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Name of the executable
+ (matches <option>COREDUMP_COMM=</option>).
+ Must not contain slashes.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>EXE</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Path to the executable
+ (matches <option>COREDUMP_EXE=</option>).
+ Must contain at least one slash.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>MATCH</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>General journalctl predicates
+ (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
+ Must contain an equals sign.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise. Not finding any matching coredumps is treated
+ as failure.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gdb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-cryptsetup-generator.xml b/man/systemd-cryptsetup-generator.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49d4d5545b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-cryptsetup-generator.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-cryptsetup-generator">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Unit generator for <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename></refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-cryptsetup-generator</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</filename>
+ is a generator that translates
+ <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> into native systemd
+ units early at boot and when configuration of the
+ system manager is reloaded. This will create
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ units as necessary.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</filename>
+ implements the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">generator
+ specification</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</filename> understands
+ the following kernel command line parameters:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>luks=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. Defaults to
+ <literal>yes</literal>. If
+ <literal>no</literal> disables the
+ generator
+ entirely. <varname>rd.luks=</varname>
+ is honored only by initial RAM disk
+ (initrd) while
+ <varname>luks=</varname> is honored
+ by both the main system and the
+ initrd. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. Defaults to
+ <literal>yes</literal>. If
+ <literal>no</literal> causes the
+ generator to ignore any devices
+ configured in
+ <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>
+ (<varname>luks.uuid=</varname> will
+ still work
+ however). <varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname>
+ is honored only by initial RAM disk
+ (initrd) while
+ <varname>luks.crypttab=</varname> is
+ honored by both the main system and
+ the initrd. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a LUKS super
+ block UUID as argument. This will
+ activate the specified device as part
+ of the boot process as if it was
+ listed in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. This
+ option may be specified more than once
+ in order to set up multiple
+ devices. <varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname>
+ is honored only by initial RAM disk
+ (initrd) while
+ <varname>luks.uuid=</varname> is
+ honored by both the main system and
+ the initrd.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-cryptsetup@.service.xml b/man/systemd-cryptsetup@.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abbb9d78f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-cryptsetup@.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-cryptsetup@.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-cryptsetup</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Full disk decryption logic</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cryptsetup</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename>
+ is a service responsible for setting up encrypted
+ block devices. It is instantiated for each device that
+ requires decryption for access.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename>
+ will ask for hard disk passwords via the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PasswordAgents">
+ password agent logic</ulink>, in order to query the
+ user for the password using the right mechanism at
+ boot and during runtime.</para>
+
+ <para>At early boot and when the system manager
+ configuration is reloaded this
+ <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> is translated into
+ <filename>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</filename> units
+ by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-delta.xml b/man/systemd-delta.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..072f55f1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-delta.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-delta">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-delta</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-delta</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Find overridden configuration files</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-delta <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">SUFFIX</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-delta</command> may be used to
+ identify and compare configuration files in
+ <filename>/etc</filename> that override default
+ counterparts in <filename>/usr</filename>. The command
+ line argument can be one or more name of a subdirectories of
+ <filename>/etc</filename> or
+ <filename>/usr/lib</filename> to compare, such as
+ <filename>tmpfiles.d</filename>, <filename>sysctl.d</filename> or
+ <filename>systemd/system</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>When no argument is specified a number of
+ well-known subdirectories are searched for overridden
+ files.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--type=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-t</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When listing the
+ differences, only list those that are
+ asked for. The list itself is a
+ comma-separated list of desired
+ difference types.</para>
+
+ <para>Recognized types are:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>masked</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show masked files</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>equivalent</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show overridden
+ files that while overridden, do
+ not differ in content.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>redirected</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show files that
+ are redirected to another.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>overridden</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show overridden,
+ and changed files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>unchanged</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show unmodified
+ files too.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--diff=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When showing modified
+ files, when a file is overridden show a
+ diff as well. This option takes a
+ boolean argument. If omitted it defaults
+ to <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-detect-virt.xml b/man/systemd-detect-virt.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..762b6ab992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-detect-virt.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-detect-virt">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-detect-virt</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-detect-virt</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-detect-virt</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Detect execution in a virtualized environment</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-detect-virt <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-detect-virt</command> detects
+ execution in a virtualized environment. It identifies
+ the virtualization technology and can distinguish full
+ VM virtualization from container
+ virtualization.</para>
+
+ <para>When executed without <option>--quiet</option>
+ will print a short identifier for the detected
+ virtualization technology. The following technologies
+ are currently identified: <varname>qemu</varname>,
+ <varname>kvm</varname>, <varname>vmware</varname>,
+ <varname>microsoft</varname>,
+ <varname>oracle</varname>, <varname>xen</varname>,
+ <varname>bochs</varname>, <varname>chroot</varname>,
+ <varname>openvz</varname>, <varname>lxc</varname>,
+ <varname>lxc-libvirt</varname>,
+ <varname>systemd-nspawn</varname>.</para>
+
+ <para>If multiple virtualization solutions are used
+ only the "innermost" is detected and identified. That
+ means if both VM virtualization and container
+ virtualization are used in conjunction only the latter
+ will be identified (unless <option>--vm</option> is
+ passed).</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-c</option></term>
+ <term><option>--container</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Only detects container
+ virtualization (i.e. shared kernel
+ virtualization).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-v</option></term>
+ <term><option>--vm</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Only detects VM
+ virtualization (i.e. full hardware
+ virtualization).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-q</option></term>
+ <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Suppress output of the
+ virtualization technology
+ identifier.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>If a virtualization technology is detected 0 is
+ returned, a non-zero code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-fsck@.service.xml b/man/systemd-fsck@.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62f63110e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-fsck@.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-fsck@.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-fsck@.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-fsck@.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-fsck-root.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-fsck</refname>
+ <refpurpose>File system checker logic</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-fsck@.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-fsck-root.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-fsck</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-fsck@.service</filename> is a
+ service responsible for file system checks. It is
+ instantiated for each device that requires a file
+ system
+ check. <filename>systemd-fsck-root.service</filename> is
+ responsible for file system checks on the root
+ file system.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-fsck</filename> will
+ forward file system checking progress to the
+ console. If a file system check fails emergency mode
+ is activated, by isolating to
+ <filename>emergency.target</filename>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-fsck</filename> understands
+ one kernel command line parameter:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>One of
+ <literal>auto</literal>,
+ <literal>force</literal>,
+ <literal>skip</literal>. Controls the
+ mode of operation. The default is
+ <literal>auto</literal>, and ensures
+ that file system checks are done when
+ the file system checker deems them
+ necessary. <literal>force</literal>
+ unconditionally results in full file
+ system checks. <literal>skip</literal>
+ skips any file system
+ checks.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fsck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-fstab-generator.xml b/man/systemd-fstab-generator.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2decec6c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-fstab-generator.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-fstab-generator">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-fstab-generator</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-fstab-generator</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Unit generator for /etc/fstab</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-fstab-generator</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-fstab-generator</filename> is
+ a generator that translates
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) into native systemd units early at boot
+ and when configuration of the system manager is
+ reloaded. This will instantiate mount and swap units
+ as necessary.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about special
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> mount options this
+ generator understands.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-fstab-generator</filename>
+ implements the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">generator
+ specification</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-fstab-generator</filename> understands
+ the following kernel command line parameters:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>fstab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. Defaults to
+ <literal>yes</literal>. If
+ <literal>no</literal> causes the
+ generator to ignore any mounts or swaps
+ configured in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. <varname>rd.fstab=</varname>
+ is honored only by initial RAM disk
+ (initrd) while
+ <varname>luks.fstab=</varname> is
+ honored by both the main system and
+ the initrd. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-getty-generator.xml b/man/systemd-getty-generator.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c9c9345f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-getty-generator.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-getty-generator">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-getty-generator</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-getty-generator</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-getty-generator</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Generator for enabling getty instances on
+ the console</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-getty-generator</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-getty-generator</filename> is
+ a generator that automatically instantiates
+ <filename>serial-getty@.service</filename> on the
+ kernel console <filename>/dev/console</filename> if
+ that is not directed to the virtual console
+ subsystem. It will also instantiate
+ <filename>serial-getty@.service</filename> instances
+ for virtualizer consoles, if execution in a
+ virtualized environment is detected. This should
+ ensure that the user is shown a login prompt at the
+ right place, regardless in which environment the
+ system is started. For example, it is sufficient to
+ redirect the kernel console with a kernel command line
+ argument such as <varname>console=</varname> to get
+ both kernel messages and a getty prompt on a serial
+ TTY. See <ulink
+ url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt"><filename>kernel-parameters.txt</filename></ulink>
+ for more information on the
+ <varname>console=</varname> kernel parameter.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-getty-generator</filename>
+ implements the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">generator
+ specification</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>agetty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-halt.service.xml b/man/systemd-halt.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a6bfdc7d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-halt.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-halt.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-halt.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-halt.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-halt.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-poweroff.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-reboot.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-kexec.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-shutdown</refname>
+ <refpurpose>System shutdown logic</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-halt.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-poweroff.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-reboot.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-kexec.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-shutdown</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-halt.service</filename> is a
+ system service that is pulled in by
+ <filename>halt.target</filename> and is responsible
+ for the actual system halt. Similar,
+ <filename>systemd-poweroff.service</filename> is
+ pulled in by <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd-reboot.service</filename> by
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename> and
+ <filename>systemd-kexec.service</filename> by
+ <filename>kexec.target</filename> to execute the
+ respective actions.</para>
+
+ <para>When these services are run they ensure that PID
+ 1 is replaced by the
+ <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-shutdown</filename>
+ tool which is then responsible for the actual
+ shutdown. Before shutting down this binary will try to
+ unmount all remaining file systems, disable all
+ remaining swap devices, detach all remaining storage
+ devices and kill all remaining processes.</para>
+
+ <para>Immediately before executing the actual system
+ halt/poweroff/reboot/kexec
+ <filename>systemd-shutdown</filename> will run all
+ executables in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-shutdown/</filename>
+ and pass one arguments to them: either
+ "<literal>halt</literal>",
+ "<literal>poweroff</literal>",
+ "<literal>reboot</literal>" or
+ "<literal>kexec</literal>", depending on the chosen
+ action. All executables in this directory are executed
+ in parallel, and execution of the action is not
+ continued before all executables finished.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <filename>systemd-halt.service</filename> (and the
+ related units) should never be executed
+ directly. Instead, trigger system shutdown with a
+ command such as "<literal>systemctl halt</literal>" or
+ suchlike.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-hostnamed.service.xml b/man/systemd-hostnamed.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9c1911018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-hostnamed.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-hostnamed.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-hostnamed.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-hostnamed.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-hostnamed.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-hostnamed</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Hostname bus mechanism</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-hostnamed.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-hostnamed</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-hostnamed</filename> is a system
+ service that may be used as mechanism to change the
+ system hostname. <filename>systemd-hostnamed</filename> is
+ automatically activated on request and terminates
+ itself when it is unused.</para>
+
+ <para>The tool
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is a command line client to this service.</para>
+
+ <para>See the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/hostnamed">
+ developer documentation</ulink> for information about
+ the APIs <filename>systemd-hostnamed</filename>
+ provides.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostnamectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-inhibit.xml b/man/systemd-inhibit.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f63c8c73e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-inhibit.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-inhibit">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-inhibit</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-inhibit</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-inhibit</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Execute a program with an inhibition lock taken</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-inhibit <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg>COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGUMENTS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-inhibit <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> --list</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-inhibit</command> may be used
+ to execute a program with a shutdown, sleep or idle
+ inhibitor lock taken. The lock will be acquired before
+ the specified command line is executed and released
+ afterwards.</para>
+
+ <para>Inhibitor locks may be used to block or delay
+ system sleep and shutdown requests from the user, as well
+ as automatic idle handling of the OS. This is useful
+ to avoid system suspends while an optical disc is
+ being recorded, or similar operations that should not
+ be interrupted.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information see the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/inhibit">Inhibitor
+ Lock Developer Documentation</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--what=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a colon
+ separated list of one or more
+ operations to inhibit:
+ <literal>shutdown</literal>,
+ <literal>sleep</literal>,
+ <literal>idle</literal>,
+ <literal>handle-power-key</literal>,
+ <literal>handle-suspend-key</literal>,
+ <literal>handle-hibernate-key</literal>,
+ <literal>handle-lid-switch</literal>,
+ for inhibiting
+ reboot/power-off/halt/kexec,
+ suspending/hibernating, the automatic
+ idle detection, or the low-level
+ handling of the power/sleep key and
+ the lid switch, respectively. If omitted,
+ defaults to
+ <literal>idle:sleep:shutdown</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--who=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a short human
+ readable descriptive string for the
+ program taking the lock. If not passed
+ defaults to the command line
+ string.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--why=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a short human
+ readable descriptive string for the
+ reason for taking the lock. Defaults
+ to "Unknown reason".</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--mode=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes either
+ <literal>block</literal> or
+ <literal>delay</literal> and describes
+ how the lock is applied. If
+ <literal>block</literal> is used (the
+ default), the lock prohibits any of
+ the requested operations without time
+ limit, and only privileged users may
+ override it. If
+ <literal>delay</literal> is used, the
+ lock can only delay the requested
+ operations for a limited time. If the
+ time elapses the lock is ignored and
+ the operation executed. The time limit
+ may be specified in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Note
+ that <literal>delay</literal> is only
+ available for <literal>sleep</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>shutdown</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--list</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Lists all active
+ inhibition locks instead of acquiring
+ one.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>Returns the exit status of the executed program.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <programlisting># systemd-inhibit wodim foobar.iso</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This burns the ISO image
+ <filename>foobar.iso</filename> on a CD using
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wodim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ and inhibits system sleeping, shutdown and idle while
+ doing so.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-initctl.service.xml b/man/systemd-initctl.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eda6459b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-initctl.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-initctl.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-initctl.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-initctl.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-initctl.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-initctl.socket</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-initctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>/dev/initctl compatibility</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-initctl</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-initctl</filename> is a system
+ service that implements compatibility with the
+ <filename>/dev/initctl</filename> FIFO file system
+ object, as implemented by the SysV init system. <filename>systemd-initctl</filename> is
+ automatically activated on request and terminates
+ itself when it is unused.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-journald.service.xml b/man/systemd-journald.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..abc03df5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-journald.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-journald.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-journald.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-journald.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-journald.socket</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-journald</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Journal service</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-journald.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-journald.socket</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-journald</filename> is a
+ system service that collects and stores logging
+ data. It creates and maintains structured, indexed
+ journals based on logging information that is received
+ from the kernel, from user processes via the libc
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call, from STDOUT/STDERR of system services or via its
+ native API. It will implicitly collect numerous meta
+ data fields for each log messages in a secure and
+ unfakeable way. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about the collected meta data.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Log data collected by the journal is primarily
+ text based but can also include binary data where
+ necessary. All objects stored in the journal can be up
+ to 2^64-1 bytes in size.</para>
+
+ <para>By default the journal stores log data in
+ <filename>/run/log/journal/</filename>. Since
+ <filename>/run/</filename> is volatile log data is
+ lost at reboot. To make the data persistent it
+ is sufficient to create
+ <filename>/var/log/journal/</filename> where
+ <filename>systemd-journald</filename> will then store
+ the data.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-journald</filename> will
+ forward all received log messages to the AF_UNIX
+ SOCK_DGRAM socket
+ <filename>/run/systemd/journal/syslog</filename> (if it exists) which
+ may be used by UNIX syslog daemons to process the data
+ further.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about the configuration of this
+ service.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Signals</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGUSR1</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Request that journal
+ data from <filename>/run/</filename>
+ is flushed to
+ <filename>/var/</filename> in order to
+ make it persistent (if this is
+ enabled). This may be used after
+ <filename>/var/</filename> is mounted,
+ but is generally not required since
+ the first journal write when
+ <filename>/var/</filename> becomes
+ writable triggers the flushing
+ anyway.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGUSR2</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Request immediate
+ rotation of the journal
+ files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para>A few configuration parameters from
+ <filename>journald.conf</filename> may be overridden on
+ the kernel command line:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enables/disables
+ forwarding of collected log messages
+ to syslog, the kernel log buffer or
+ the system console.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about these settings.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-localed.service.xml b/man/systemd-localed.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6cefc4265f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-localed.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-localed.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-localed.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-localed.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-localed.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-localed</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Locale bus mechanism</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-localed.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-localed</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-localed</filename> is a system
+ service that may be used as mechanism to change the
+ system locale settings, as well as the console key
+ mapping and default X11 key
+ mapping. <filename>systemd-localed</filename> is
+ automatically activated on request and terminates
+ itself when it is unused.</para>
+
+ <para>The tool
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>localectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is a command line client to this service.</para>
+
+ <para>See the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/localed">
+ developer documentation</ulink> for information about
+ the APIs <filename>systemd-localed</filename>
+ provides.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>localectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loadkeys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-logind.service.xml b/man/systemd-logind.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00f34051a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-logind.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-logind.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-logind.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-logind.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-logind</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Login manager</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-logind.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-logind</filename> is a system
+ service that manages user logins. It is responsible
+ for:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Keeping track of users and sessions, their
+ processes and their idle state</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Creating control groups for
+ user processes</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Providing PolicyKit-based access
+ for users to operations such as system
+ shutdown or sleep</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Implementing a shutdown/sleep
+ inhibition logic for
+ applications</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Handling of power/sleep
+ hardware keys</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Multi-seat
+ management</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Session
+ switch management</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Device access management for
+ users</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Automatic spawning of text
+ logins (gettys) on virtual console activation
+ and user runtime directory
+ management</para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>User sessions are registered in logind via the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ PAM module.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about the configuration of this
+ service.</para>
+
+ <para>See <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/multiseat">Multi-Seat
+ on Linux</ulink> for an introduction into basic
+ concepts of logind such as users, sessions and seats.</para>
+
+ <para>See the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/logind">
+ logind D-Bus API Documentation</ulink> for information about
+ the APIs <filename>systemd-logind</filename>
+ provides.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information on the inhibition logic see
+ the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/inhibit">Inhibitor
+ Lock Developer Documentation</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-user-sessions.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-machine-id-setup.xml b/man/systemd-machine-id-setup.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25fb63af2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-machine-id-setup.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-machine-id-setup">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-machine-id-setup</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-machine-id-setup</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-machine-id-setup</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Initialize the machine ID in /etc/machine-id</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-machine-id-setup</command> may
+ be used by system installer tools to initialize the
+ machine ID stored in
+ <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> at install time
+ with a randomly generated ID. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information about this file.</para>
+
+ <para>This tool will execute no operation if
+ <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename> is already
+ initialized.</para>
+
+ <para>If a valid D-Bus machine ID is already
+ configured for the system the D-Bus machine ID is
+ copied and used to initialize the machine ID in
+ <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>If run inside a KVM virtual machine and a UUID
+ is passed via the <option>-uuid</option> option this
+ UUID is used to initialize the machine ID instead of a
+ randomly generated one. The caller must ensure that the
+ UUID passed is sufficiently unique and is different
+ for every booted instanced of the VM.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar, if run inside a Linux container
+ environment and a UUID is set for the container this
+ is used to initialize the machine ID. For details see
+ the documentation of the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface">Container
+ Interface</ulink>.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dbus-uuidgen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-modules-load.service.xml b/man/systemd-modules-load.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5f10a7beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-modules-load.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-modules-load.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-modules-load.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-modules-load.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-modules-load</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure kernel modules to load at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-modules-load.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-modules-load</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-modules-load.service</filename>
+ is an early-boot service that loads kernel modules
+ from static configuration.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modules-load.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about the configuration of this
+ service.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-modules-load.service</filename> understands
+ the following kernel command line parameters:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>modules-load=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.modules-load=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a comma
+ separated list of kernel modules to
+ statically load during early boot. The
+ option prefixed with
+ <literal>rd.</literal> is read by the
+ initial RAM disk
+ only.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>modules-load.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-notify.xml b/man/systemd-notify.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b03492c5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-notify.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-notify">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-notify</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-notify</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-notify</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Notify service manager about start-up completion and other daemon status changes</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-notify <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">VARIABLE=VALUE</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-notify</command> may be
+ called by daemon scripts to notify the init system
+ about status changes. It can be used to send arbitrary
+ information, encoded in an environment-block-like list
+ of strings. Most importantly it can be used for
+ start-up completion notification.</para>
+
+ <para>This is mostly just a wrapper around
+ <function>sd_notify()</function> and makes this
+ functionality available to shell scripts. For details
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>The command line may carry a list of
+ environment variables to send as part of the status
+ update.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that systemd will refuse reception of
+ status updates from this command unless
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=all</varname> is set for the
+ service unit this command is called from.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--ready</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Inform the init system
+ about service start-up
+ completion. This is equivalent to
+ <command>systemd-notify
+ READY=1</command>. For details about
+ the semantics of this option see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--pid=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Inform the init system
+ about the main PID of the
+ daemon. Takes a PID as argument. If
+ the argument is omitted the PID of the
+ process that invoked
+ <command>systemd-notify</command> is
+ used. This is equivalent to
+ <command>systemd-notify
+ MAINPID=$PID</command>. For details
+ about the semantics of this option see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--status=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Send a free-form
+ status string for the daemon to the
+ init systemd. This option takes the
+ status string as argument. This is
+ equivalent to <command>systemd-notify
+ STATUS=...</command>. For details
+ about the semantics of this option see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--booted</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Returns 0 if the
+ system was booted up with systemd,
+ non-zero otherwise. If this option is
+ passed no message is sent. This option
+ is hence unrelated to the other
+ options. For details about the
+ semantics of this option see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_booted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--readahead=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls disk
+ read-ahead operations. The argument
+ must be a string, and either "cancel",
+ "done" or "noreplay". For details
+ about the semantics of this option see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_readahead</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Start-up Notification and Status Updates</title>
+
+ <para>A simple shell daemon that sends
+ start-up notifications after having set up its
+ communication channel. During runtime it sends
+ further status updates to the init
+ system:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>#!/bin/bash
+
+mkfifo /tmp/waldo
+systemd-notify --ready --status="Waiting for data..."
+
+while : ; do
+ read a &lt; /tmp/waldo
+ systemd-notify --status="Processing $a"
+
+ # Do something with $a ...
+
+ systemd-notify --status="Waiting for data..."
+done</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_booted</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-nspawn.xml b/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fef5c2c83a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-nspawn">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-nspawn</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-nspawn</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Spawn a namespace container for debugging, testing and building</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-nspawn <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> may be used to
+ run a command or OS in a light-weight namespace
+ container. In many ways it is similar to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ but more powerful since it fully virtualizes the file
+ system hierarchy, as well as the process tree, the
+ various IPC subsystems and the host and domain
+ name.</para>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> limits access
+ to various kernel interfaces in the container to
+ read-only, such as <filename>/sys</filename>,
+ <filename>/proc/sys</filename> or
+ <filename>/sys/fs/selinux</filename>. Network
+ interfaces and the system clock may not be changed
+ from within the container. Device nodes may not be
+ created. The host system cannot be rebooted and kernel
+ modules may not be loaded from within the
+ container.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that even though these security precautions
+ are taken <command>systemd-nspawn</command> is not
+ suitable for secure container setups. Many of the
+ security features may be circumvented and are hence
+ primarily useful to avoid accidental changes to the
+ host system from the container. The intended use of
+ this program is debugging and testing as well as
+ building of packages, distributions and software
+ involved with boot and systems management.</para>
+
+ <para>In contrast to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <command>systemd-nspawn</command> may be used to boot
+ full Linux-based operating systems in a
+ container.</para>
+
+ <para>Use a tool like
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ to set up an OS directory tree suitable as file system
+ hierarchy for <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
+ containers.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will
+ mount file systems private to the container to
+ <filename>/dev</filename>,
+ <filename>/run</filename> and similar. These will
+ not be visible outside of the container, and their
+ contents will be lost when the container exits.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that running two
+ <command>systemd-nspawn</command> containers from the
+ same directory tree will not make processes in them
+ see each other. The PID namespace separation of the
+ two containers is complete and the containers will
+ share very few runtime objects except for the
+ underlying file system.</para>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-nspawn</command> implements the
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface">Container
+ Interface</ulink> specification.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>If no arguments are passed the container is set
+ up and a shell started in it, otherwise the passed
+ command and arguments are executed in it. The
+ following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--directory=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-D</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Directory to use as
+ file system root for the namespace
+ container. If omitted the current
+ directory will be
+ used.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--boot</option></term>
+ <term><option>-b</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Automatically search
+ for an init binary and invoke it
+ instead of a shell or a user supplied
+ program.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--user=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-u</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Run the command
+ under specified user, create home
+ directory and cd into it. As rest
+ of systemd-nspawn, this is not
+ the security feature and limits
+ against accidental changes only.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--uuid=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the specified uuid
+ for the container. The init system
+ will initialize
+ <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename>
+ from this if this file is not set yet.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--controllers=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-C</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Makes the container appear in
+ other hierarchies than the name=systemd:/ one.
+ Takes a comma-separated list of controllers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--private-network</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Turn off networking in
+ the container. This makes all network
+ interfaces unavailable in the
+ container, with the exception of the
+ loopback device.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--read-only</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Mount the root file
+ system read only for the
+ container.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--capability=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List one or more
+ additional capabilities to grant the
+ container. Takes a comma separated
+ list of capability names, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. Note that the
+ following capabilities will be
+ granted in any way: CAP_CHOWN,
+ CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE, CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH,
+ CAP_FOWNER, CAP_FSETID, CAP_IPC_OWNER,
+ CAP_KILL, CAP_LEASE,
+ CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE,
+ CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
+ CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW,
+ CAP_SETGID, CAP_SETFCAP, CAP_SETPCAP,
+ CAP_SETUID, CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
+ CAP_SYS_CHROOT, CAP_SYS_NICE,
+ CAP_SYS_PTRACE, CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG,
+ CAP_SYS_RESOURCE, CAP_SYS_BOOT.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--link-journal=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Control whether the
+ container's journal shall be made
+ visible to the host system. If enabled
+ allows viewing the container's journal
+ files from the host (but not vice
+ versa). Takes one of
+ <literal>no</literal>,
+ <literal>host</literal>,
+ <literal>guest</literal>,
+ <literal>auto</literal>. If
+ <literal>no</literal>, the journal is
+ not linked. If <literal>host</literal>,
+ the journal files are stored on the
+ host file system (beneath
+ <filename>/var/log/journal/&lt;machine-id&gt;</filename>)
+ and the subdirectory is bind-mounted
+ into the container at the same
+ location. If <literal>guest</literal>,
+ the journal files are stored on the
+ guest file system (beneath
+ <filename>/var/log/journal/&lt;machine-id&gt;</filename>)
+ and the subdirectory is symlinked into the host
+ at the same location. If
+ <literal>auto</literal> (the default),
+ and the right subdirectory of
+ <filename>/var/log/journal</filename>
+ exists, it will be bind mounted
+ into the container. If the
+ subdirectory doesn't exist, no
+ linking is performed. Effectively,
+ booting a container once with
+ <literal>guest</literal> or
+ <literal>host</literal> will link the
+ journal persistently if further on
+ the default of <literal>auto</literal>
+ is used.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-j</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Equivalent to
+ <option>--link-journal=guest</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example 1</title>
+
+ <programlisting># yum --releasever=17 --nogpgcheck --installroot ~/fedora-tree/ install yum passwd vim-minimal rootfiles systemd
+# systemd-nspawn -D ~/fedora-tree /usr/lib/systemd/systemd</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This installs a minimal Fedora distribution into
+ the directory <filename>~/fedora-tree/</filename>
+ and then boots an OS in a namespace container in it,
+ with systemd as init system.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example 2</title>
+
+ <programlisting># debootstrap --arch=amd64 unstable ~/debian-tree/
+# systemd-nspawn -D ~/debian-tree/</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This installs a minimal Debian unstable
+ distribution into the directory
+ <filename>~/debian-tree/</filename> and then spawns a
+ shell in a namespace container in it.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>The exit code of the program executed in the
+ container is returned.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-quotacheck.service.xml b/man/systemd-quotacheck.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4d0218b659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-quotacheck.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-quotacheck.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-quotacheck.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-quotacheck.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-quotacheck</refname>
+ <refpurpose>File system quota checker logic</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-quotacheck.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-quotacheck</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-quotacheck.service</filename>
+ is a service responsible for file system quota
+ checks. It is run once at boot after all necessary
+ file systems are mounted. It is pulled in only if at
+ least one file system has quotas enabled.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-quotacheck</filename> understands
+ one kernel command line parameter:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>One of
+ <literal>auto</literal>,
+ <literal>force</literal>,
+ <literal>skip</literal>. Controls the
+ mode of operation. The default is
+ <literal>auto</literal>, and ensures
+ that file system quota checks are done
+ when the file system quota checker
+ deems them
+ necessary. <literal>force</literal>
+ unconditionally results in full file
+ system quota
+ checks. <literal>skip</literal> skips
+ any file system quota
+ checks.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>quotacheck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-random-seed-load.service.xml b/man/systemd-random-seed-load.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87f563e293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-random-seed-load.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-random-seed-load.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-random-seed-load.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-random-seed-load.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-random-seed-load.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-random-seed-save.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-random-seed</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Load and save the system random seed at boot and shutdown</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-random-seed-load.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-random-seed-save.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-random-seed</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-random-seed-load.service</filename>
+ is an early-boot service that restores the random seed
+ of the
+ system. <filename>systemd-random-seed-save.service</filename>
+ is a late-shutdown service that saves the random seed
+ of the system. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Saving/restoring the random seed across
+ boots increases the amount of available entropy early
+ at boot. On disk the random seed is stored in
+ <filename>/var/lib/random-seed</filename>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-readahead-replay.service.xml b/man/systemd-readahead-replay.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..66d253454b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-readahead-replay.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-readahead-replay.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-readahead-replay.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-readahead-replay.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-readahead-replay.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-readahead-collect.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-readahead-done.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-readahead-done.timer</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-readahead</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Disk read ahead logic</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-readahead-replay.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-readahead-collect.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-readahead-done.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-readahead-done.timer</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-readahead-collect.service</filename>
+ is a service that collects disk usage patterns at boot
+ time. <filename>systemd-readahead-replay.service</filename>
+ is a service that replays this access data collected
+ at the subsequent boot. Since disks tend to be
+ magnitudes slower than RAM this is intended to improve
+ boot speeds by pre-loading early at boot all data on
+ disk that is known to be read for the complete boot
+ process.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-readahead-done.service</filename>
+ is executed a short while after boot completed and signals
+ <filename>systemd-readahead-collect.service</filename>
+ to end data collection. On this signal this service
+ will then sort the collected disk accesses and store
+ information about them disk in
+ <filename>/.readahead</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Normally, both
+ <filename>systemd-readahead-collect.service</filename>
+ and
+ <filename>systemd-readahead-replay.service</filename>
+ are activated at boot so that access patterns from the
+ preceding boot are replayed and new data collected
+ for the subsequent boot. However, on read-only media
+ where the collected data cannot be stored it might
+ be a good idea to disable
+ <filename>systemd-readahead-collect.service</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>On rotating media, when replaying disk accesses
+ at early boot
+ <filename>systemd-readahead-replay.service</filename>
+ will order read requests by their location on disk. On
+ non-rotating media, they will be ordered by their
+ original access timestamp. If the file system supports
+ it
+ <filename>systemd-readahead-collect.service</filename>
+ will also defragment and rearrange files on disk to
+ optimize subsequent boot times.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-remount-fs.service.xml b/man/systemd-remount-fs.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d920c0c400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-remount-fs.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-remount-fs.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-remount-fs.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-remount-fs.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-remount-fs.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-remount-fs</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Remount root and kernel file systems</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-remount-fs.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-remount-fs</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-remount-fs.service</filename>
+ is an early-boot service that applies mount options
+ listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ to the root file system, the <filename>/usr</filename>
+ file system and the kernel API virtual file
+ systems. This is required so that the mount options of
+ these file systems -- which are pre-mounted by the
+ kernel, the initial RAM disk, container environments
+ or system manager code -- are updated to those listed
+ in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. This service
+ ignores normal file systems and only changes the root
+ file system (i.e. <filename>/</filename>),
+ <filename>/usr</filename> and the virtual kernel API
+ file systems such as <filename>/proc</filename>,
+ <filename>/sys</filename> or
+ <filename>/dev/</filename>. This service executes no
+ operation if <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> does not
+ exist or lists no entries for the mentioned file systems.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-shutdownd.service.xml b/man/systemd-shutdownd.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1b8ef7a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-shutdownd.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-shutdownd.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-shutdownd.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-shutdownd.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-shutdownd.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-shutdownd.socket</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-shutdownd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Scheduled shutdown service</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-shutdownd.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-shutdownd.socket</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-shutdownd</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-shutdownd.service</filename> is a
+ system service that implements scheduled shutdowns, as
+ exposed by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ <filename>systemd-shutdownd.service</filename> is automatically activated on request and terminates
+ itself when it is unused.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-suspend.service.xml b/man/systemd-suspend.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b8bad4791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-suspend.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-suspend.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-suspend.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-suspend.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-suspend.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-hibernate.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-sleep</refname>
+ <refpurpose>System sleep state logic</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sleep</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename> is
+ a system service that is pulled in by
+ <filename>suspend.target</filename> and is responsible
+ for the actual system suspend. Similar,
+ <filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename> is
+ pulled in by <filename>hibernate.target</filename> to
+ execute the actual hibernation. Finally,
+ <filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename> is
+ pulled in by <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>
+ to execute hybrid hibernation with system
+ suspend.</para>
+
+ <para>Immediately before entering system suspend
+ and/or hibernation
+ <filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename> (and the
+ other mentioned units, respectively) will run all
+ executables in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep/</filename>
+ and pass two arguments to them. The first argument
+ will be "<literal>pre</literal>", the second either
+ "<literal>suspend</literal>",
+ "<literal>hibernate</literal>", or
+ "<literal>hybrid-sleep</literal>" depending on the
+ chosen action. Immediately after leaving system
+ suspend and/or hibernation the same executables are run,
+ but the first argument is now
+ "<literal>post</literal>". All executables in this
+ directory are executed in parallel, and execution of
+ the action is not continued before all executables
+ finished.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that scripts or binaries dropped in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-sleep/</filename>
+ are intended for local use only and should be
+ considered hacks. If applications want to be notified
+ of system suspend/hibernation and resume there are
+ much nicer interfaces available.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that
+ <filename>systemd-suspend.service</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd-hibernate.service</filename> and
+ <filename>systemd-hybrid-sleep.service</filename>
+ should never be executed directly. Instead, trigger
+ system sleep states with a command such as
+ "<literal>systemctl suspend</literal>" or
+ similar.</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, this service will echo a string like
+ <literal>mem</literal> into
+ <filename>/sys/power/state</filename>, to trigger the
+ actual system suspend.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-halt.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-sysctl.service.xml b/man/systemd-sysctl.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72a102c128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-sysctl.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-sysctl.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-sysctl.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-sysctl.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-sysctl.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-sysctl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure kernel parameters at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-sysctl.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysctl</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-sysctl.service</filename> is
+ an early-boot service that configures
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ kernel parameters.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about the configuration of this
+ service.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wine</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-system-update-generator.xml b/man/systemd-system-update-generator.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18a23ed7fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-system-update-generator.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-system-update-generator">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-system-update-generator</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-system-update-generator</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-system-update-generator</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Generator for redirecting boot to offline update mode</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/systemd-system-update-generator</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-system-update-generator</filename>
+ is a generator that automatically redirects the boot
+ process to <filename>system-update.target</filename>
+ if <filename>/system-update</filename> exists. This is
+ required to implement the logic explained in the
+ <ulink
+ url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates">System
+ Updates Specification</ulink>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-system-update-generator</filename>
+ implements the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">generator
+ specification</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-timedated.service.xml b/man/systemd-timedated.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea2abc5765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-timedated.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-timedated.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-timedated.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-timedated.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-timedated.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-timedated</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Time and date bus mechanism</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-timedated.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-timedated</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-timedated</filename> is a
+ system service that may be used as mechanism to change
+ the system clock and timezone, as well as to
+ enable/disable NTP time
+ synchronization. <filename>systemd-timedated</filename>
+ is automatically activated on request and terminates
+ itself when it is unused.</para>
+
+ <para>The tool
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is a command line client to this service.</para>
+
+ <para>See the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/timedated">
+ developer documentation</ulink> for information about
+ the APIs <filename>systemd-timedated</filename>
+ provides.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hwclock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-tmpfiles.xml b/man/systemd-tmpfiles.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22744c7c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-tmpfiles.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-tmpfiles">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-tmpfiles</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-tmpfiles</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile
+ and temporary files and directories</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-tmpfiles <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">CONFIGURATION FILE</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> creates,
+ deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and
+ directories, based on the configuration file format and
+ location specified in <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If invoked with no arguments, it applies all
+ directives from all configuration files. If one or
+ more file names are passed on the command line, only
+ the directives in these files are applied. If only
+ the basename of a configuration file is specified,
+ all configuration directories as specified in <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry> are searched for a matching file.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--create</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>If this option is passed all
+ files and directories marked with f,
+ F, d, D in the configuration files are
+ created. Files and directories marked with z,
+ Z have their ownership, access mode and security
+ labels set.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--clean</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>If this option is
+ passed all files and directories with
+ an age parameter configured will be
+ cleaned up.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--remove</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>If this option is
+ passed all files and directories marked
+ with r, R in the configuration files
+ are removed.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--prefix=PATH</option></term>
+ <listitem><para>Only apply rules that
+ apply to paths with the specified
+ prefix.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>It is possible to combine
+ <option>--create</option>, <option>--clean</option>,
+ and <option>--remove</option> in one invocation. For
+ example, during boot the following command line is
+ executed to ensure that all temporary and volatile
+ directories are removed and created according to the
+ configuration file:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>systemd-tmpfiles --remove --create</programlisting>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent.xml b/man/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..31a18ba4b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-tty-ask-password-agent.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-tty-ask-password-agent">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</refname>
+ <refpurpose>List or process pending systemd password requests</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">VARIABLE=VALUE</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command>
+ is a password agent that handles password
+ requests of the system, for example for hard disk
+ encryption passwords or SSL certificate passwords that
+ need to be queried at boot-time or during
+ runtime.</para>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-tty-ask-password-agent</command>
+ implements the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PasswordAgents">Password
+ Agents Specification</ulink>.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--list</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Lists all currently pending system password requests.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--query</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Process all currently
+ pending system password requests by
+ querying the user on the calling
+ TTY.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--watch</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Continuously process
+ password requests.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--wall</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Forward password
+ requests to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ instead of querying the user on the
+ calling TTY.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--plymouth</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ask question with
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ instead of querying the user on the
+ calling TTY.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--console</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ask question on
+ <filename>/dev/console</filename>
+ instead of querying the user on the
+ calling TTY. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-ask-password-console.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-udevd.service.xml b/man/systemd-udevd.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92fb38f067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-udevd.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<refentry id="systemd-udevd.service">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-udevd.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Kay</firstname>
+ <surname>Sievers</surname>
+ <email>kay@vrfy.org</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo class="version"></refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-udevd.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-udevd-control.socket</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-udevd-kernel.socket</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-udevd</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Device event managing daemon</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-udevd.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-udevd-control.socket</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-udevd-kernel.socket</filename></para>
+
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd</command>
+ <arg><option>--daemon</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--children-max=</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--exec-delay=</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--resolve-names=early|late|never</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--version</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--help</option></arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Description</title>
+ <para><command>systemd-udevd</command> listens to kernel uevents.
+ For every event, systemd-udevd executes matching instructions
+ specified in udev rules. See <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>.</para>
+ <para>The behavior of the running daemon can be changed with
+ <command>udevadm control</command>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Options</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--daemon</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Detach and run in the background.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--debug</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print debug messages to stderr.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--children-max=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Limit the number of events executed in parallel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--exec-delay=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+
+ <para>Delay the execution of RUN instruction by the given
+ number of seconds. This option might be useful when
+ debugging system crashes during coldplug caused by loading
+ non-working kernel modules.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--resolve-names=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Specify when systemd-udevd should resolve names of users and groups.
+ When set to <option>early</option> (the default) names will be
+ resolved when the rules are parsed. When set to
+ <option>late</option> names will be resolved for every event.
+ When set to <option>never</option> names will never be resolved
+ and all devices will be owned by root.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print version number.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Environment</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>UDEV_LOG=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the logging priority.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Kernel command line</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <para>Parameters starting with "rd." will be read when
+ <command>systemd-udevd</command> is used in an initrd.</para>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>udev.log-priority=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.log-priority=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the logging priority.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>udev.children-max=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.children-max=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Limit the number of events executed in parallel.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>udev.exec-delay=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.exec-delay=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Delay the execution of RUN instruction by the given
+ number of seconds. This option might be useful when
+ debugging system crashes during coldplug caused by loading
+ non-working kernel modules.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry></para>
+ </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service.xml b/man/systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e19581f98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-user-sessions.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-update-utmp</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Write audit and utmp updates at runlevel
+ changes and shutdown</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-update-utmp</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service</filename>
+ is a service that writes SysV runlevel changes to utmp
+ and wtmp, as well as the audit logs, as they
+ occur. <filename>systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service</filename>
+ does the same for shut-down requests.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>utmp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>auditd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-user-sessions.service.xml b/man/systemd-user-sessions.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9214ec9c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-user-sessions.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-user-sessions.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-user-sessions.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-user-sessions.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-user-sessions.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-user-sessions</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logins at shutdown</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-user-sessions.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-user-sessions</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-user-sessions.service</filename>
+ is a service that controls user logins. After basic
+ system initialization is complete it removes
+ <filename>/run/nologin</filename>, thus permitting
+ logins. Before system shutdown it creates
+ <filename>/run/nologin</filename>, thus prohibiting
+ further logins. At the same time it also kills all
+ user processes, so that system shutdown may proceed
+ without any remaining user processes around.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-logind.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam_nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd-vconsole-setup.service.xml b/man/systemd-vconsole-setup.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1ef80dae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd-vconsole-setup.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd-vconsole-setup.service">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refname>
+ <refname>systemd-vconsole-setup</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configure the virtual console at boot</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-vconsole-setup</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><filename>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</filename>
+ is an early-boot service that configures the virtual
+ console font and console keymap. Internally it calls
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loadkeys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setfont</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about the configuration files understood by this
+ service.</para>
+
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para>A few configuration parameters from
+ <filename>vconsole.conf</filename> may be overridden on
+ the kernel command line:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.keymap.toggle=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Overrides the key
+ mapping table for the keyboard and the
+ second toggle keymap.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font.map=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font.unimap=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures the console
+ font, the console map, and the unicode
+ font map.</para></listitem>
+
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for information about these settings.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loadkeys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setfont</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-localed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.automount.xml b/man/systemd.automount.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe559e1dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.automount.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.automount">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.automount</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.automount</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Automount unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.automount</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.automount</filename> encodes information
+ about a file system automount point controlled and
+ supervised by systemd.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The
+ automount specific configuration options are configured
+ in the [Automount] section.</para>
+
+ <para>Automount units must be named after the
+ automount directories they control. Example: the
+ automount point <filename>/home/lennart</filename>
+ must be configured in a unit file
+ <filename>home-lennart.automount</filename>. For
+ details about the escaping logic used to convert a
+ file system path to a unit name see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>For each automount unit file a matching mount
+ unit file (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) must exist which is activated when the
+ automount path is accessed. Example: if an automount
+ unit <filename>home-lennart.automount</filename> is
+ active and the user accesses
+ <filename>/home/lennart</filename> the mount unit
+ <filename>home-lennart.mount</filename> will be
+ activated.</para>
+
+ <para>Automount units may be used to implement
+ on-demand mounting as well as parallelized mounting of
+ file systems.</para>
+
+ <para>If an automount point is beneath another mount
+ point in the file system hierarchy a dependency
+ between both units is created automatically.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title><filename>fstab</filename></title>
+
+ <para>Automount units may either be configured via unit
+ files, or via <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details).</para>
+
+ <para>For details how systemd parses
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If an automount point is configured in both
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and a unit file the
+ configuration in the latter takes precedence.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Automount files must include an [Automount]
+ section, which carries information about the file
+ system automount points it supervises. The options
+ specific to the [Automount] section of automount units
+ are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Where=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute path
+ of a directory of the automount
+ point. If the automount point is not
+ existing at time that the automount
+ point is installed it is created. This
+ string must be reflected in the unit
+ file name. (See above.) This option is
+ mandatory.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Directories of
+ automount points (and any parent
+ directories) are automatically created
+ if needed. This option specifies the
+ file system access mode used when
+ creating these directories. Takes an
+ access mode in octal
+ notation. Defaults to
+ 0755.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.conf.xml b/man/systemd.conf.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6be932c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.conf.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.conf">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.conf</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.conf</refname>
+ <refpurpose>System and service manager configuration file</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/systemd/system.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/etc/systemd/user.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>When run as system instance systemd reads the
+ configuration file <filename>system.conf</filename>,
+ otherwise <filename>user.conf</filename>. These
+ configuration files contain a few settings controlling
+ basic manager operations.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>All options are configured in the
+ <literal>[Manager]</literal> section:</para>
+
+ <variablelist class='systemd-directives'>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>LogLevel=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LogTarget=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LogColor=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LogLocation=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DumpCore=yes</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>CrashShell=no</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ShowStatus=yes</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>CrashChVT=1</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultStandardOutput=journal</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultStandardError=inherit</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures various
+ parameters of basic manager
+ operation. These options may be
+ overridden by the respective command
+ line arguments. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about these command line
+ arguments.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures the initial
+ CPU affinity for the init
+ process. Takes a space-separated list
+ of CPU indexes.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DefaultControllers=cpu</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures in which
+ cgroup controller hierarchies to
+ create per-service cgroups
+ automatically, in addition to the
+ name=systemd named hierarchy. Defaults
+ to 'cpu'. Takes a space separated list
+ of controller names. Pass an empty
+ string to ensure that systemd does not
+ touch any hierarchies but its
+ own.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct,cpuset net_cls,netprio</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures controllers
+ that shall be mounted in a single
+ hierarchy. By default systemd will
+ mount all controllers which are
+ enabled in the kernel in individual
+ hierarchies, with the exception of
+ those listed in this setting. Takes a
+ space separated list of comma
+ separated controller names, in order
+ to allow multiple joined
+ hierarchies. Defaults to
+ 'cpu,cpuacct'. Pass an empty string to
+ ensure that systemd mounts all
+ controllers in separate
+ hierarchies.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RuntimeWatchdogSec=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ShutdownWatchdogSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configure the hardware
+ watchdog at runtime and at
+ reboot. Takes a timeout value in
+ seconds (or in other time units if
+ suffixed with <literal>ms</literal>,
+ <literal>min</literal>,
+ <literal>h</literal>,
+ <literal>d</literal>,
+ <literal>w</literal>). If
+ <varname>RuntimeWatchdogSec=</varname>
+ is set to a non-zero value the
+ watchdog hardware
+ (<filename>/dev/watchdog</filename>)
+ will be programmed to automatically
+ reboot the system if it is not
+ contacted within the specified timeout
+ interval. The system manager will
+ ensure to contact it at least once in
+ half the specified timeout
+ interval. This feature requires a
+ hardware watchdog device to be
+ present, as it is commonly the case in
+ embedded and server systems. Not all
+ hardware watchdogs allow configuration
+ of the reboot timeout, in which case
+ the closest available timeout is
+ picked. <varname>ShutdownWatchdogSec=</varname>
+ may be used to configure the hardware
+ watchdog when the system is asked to
+ reboot. It works as a safety net to
+ ensure that the reboot takes place
+ even if a clean reboot attempt times
+ out. By default
+ <varname>RuntimeWatchdogSec=</varname>
+ defaults to 0 (off), and
+ <varname>ShutdownWatchdogSec=</varname>
+ to 10min. These settings have no
+ effect if a hardware watchdog is not
+ available.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls which
+ capabilities to include in the
+ capability bounding set for PID 1 and
+ its children. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Takes a whitespace
+ separated list of capability names as
+ read by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ Capabilities listed will be included
+ in the bounding set, all others are
+ removed. If the list of capabilities
+ is prefixed with ~ all but the listed
+ capabilities will be included, the
+ effect of the assignment
+ inverted. Note that this option also
+ affects the respective capabilities in
+ the effective, permitted and
+ inheritable capability sets. The
+ capability bounding set may also be
+ individually configured for units
+ using the
+ <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>
+ directive for units, but note that
+ capabilities dropped for PID 1 cannot
+ be regained in individual units, they
+ are lost for good.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
+ in nanoseconds for PID 1 which is then
+ inherited to all executed processes,
+ unless overridden individually, for
+ example with the
+ <varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname>
+ setting in service units (for details
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). The
+ timer slack controls the accuracy of
+ wake-ups triggered by timers. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. Note that in
+ contrast to most other time span
+ definitions this parameter takes an
+ integer value in nano-seconds if no
+ unit is specified. The usual time
+ units are understood
+ too.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitCPU=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitDATA=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitSTACK=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitCORE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitRSS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitAS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitNPROC=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitNICE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DefaultLimitRTTIME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>These settings control
+ various default resource limits for
+ units. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Use the string
+ <varname>infinity</varname> to
+ configure no limit on a specific
+ resource. These settings may be
+ overridden in individual units
+ using the corresponding LimitXXX=
+ directives. Note that these resource
+ limits are only defaults for units,
+ they are not applied to PID 1
+ itself.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.device.xml b/man/systemd.device.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..141d72e3dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.device.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.device">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.device</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.device</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Device unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.device</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.device</filename> encodes information about
+ a device unit as exposed in the
+ sysfs/<citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ device tree.</para>
+
+ <para>This unit type has no specific options. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic <literal>[Unit]</literal> and
+ <literal>[Install]</literal> sections. A separate
+ <literal>[Device]</literal> section does not exist,
+ since no device-specific options may be
+ configured.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd will automatically create dynamic device
+ units for all kernel devices that are marked with the
+ "systemd" udev tag (by default all block and network
+ devices, and a few others). This may be used to define
+ dependencies between devices and other
+ units.</para>
+
+ <para>Device units are named after the
+ <filename>/sys</filename> and
+ <filename>/dev</filename> paths they control. Example:
+ the device <filename>/dev/sda5</filename> is exposed
+ in systemd as <filename>dev-sda5.device</filename>. For
+ details about the escaping logic used to convert a
+ file system path to a unit name see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>The udev Database</title>
+
+ <para>The settings of device units may either be
+ configured via unit files, or directly from the udev
+ database (which is recommended). The following udev
+ properties are understood by systemd:</para>
+
+ <variablelist class='udev-directives'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SYSTEMD_WANTS=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Adds dependencies of
+ type <varname>Wants</varname> from
+ this unit to all listed units. This
+ may be used to activate arbitrary
+ units, when a specific device becomes
+ available. Note that this and the
+ other tags are not taken into account
+ unless the device is tagged with the
+ "<literal>systemd</literal>" string in
+ the udev database, because otherwise
+ the device is not exposed as systemd
+ unit.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SYSTEMD_ALIAS=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Adds an additional
+ alias name to the device unit. This
+ must be an absolute path that is
+ automatically transformed into a unit
+ name. (See above.)</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SYSTEMD_READY=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>If set to 0 systemd
+ will consider this device unplugged
+ even if it shows up in the udev
+ tree. If this property is unset or set
+ to 1 the device will be considered
+ plugged the moment it shows up in the
+ udev tree. This property has no
+ influence on the behavior when a
+ device disappears from the udev
+ tree. This option is useful to support
+ devices that initially show up in an
+ uninitialized state in the tree, and for
+ which a changed event is generated the
+ moment they are fully set
+ up.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ID_MODEL_FROM_DATABASE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ID_MODEL=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If set, this property is
+ used as description string for the
+ device unit.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.exec.xml b/man/systemd.exec.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b6514375d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.exec.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1154 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.exec">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.exec</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.exec</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Execution environment configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.service</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.socket</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.mount</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.swap</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets,
+ mount points and swap devices share a subset of
+ configuration options which define the execution
+ environment of spawned processes.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ shared by these four unit types. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files, and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information on the specific unit
+ configuration files. The execution specific
+ configuration options are configured in the [Service],
+ [Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] sections, depending on the unit
+ type.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute
+ directory path. Sets the working
+ directory for executed processes. If
+ not set defaults to the root directory
+ when systemd is running as a system
+ instance and the respective user's
+ home directory if run as
+ user.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute
+ directory path. Sets the root
+ directory for executed processes, with
+ the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ system call. If this is used it must
+ be ensured that the process and all
+ its auxiliary files are available in
+ the <function>chroot()</function>
+ jail.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the Unix user
+ or group that the processes are executed
+ as, respectively. Takes a single user or group
+ name or ID as argument. If no group is
+ set, the default group of the user is
+ chosen.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the supplementary
+ Unix groups the processes are executed
+ as. This takes a space separated list
+ of group names or IDs. This option may
+ be specified more than once in which
+ case all listed groups are set as
+ supplementary groups. This option does
+ not override but extends the list of
+ supplementary groups configured in the
+ system group database for the
+ user.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Nice=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the default nice
+ level (scheduling priority) for
+ executed processes. Takes an integer
+ between -20 (highest priority) and 19
+ (lowest priority). See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>OOMScoreAdjust=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the adjustment
+ level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for
+ executed processes. Takes an integer
+ between -1000 (to disable OOM killing
+ for this process) and 1000 (to make
+ killing of this process under memory
+ pressure very likely). See <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
+ class for executed processes. Takes an
+ integer between 0 and 3 or one of the
+ strings <option>none</option>,
+ <option>realtime</option>,
+ <option>best-effort</option> or
+ <option>idle</option>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
+ priority for executed processes. Takes
+ an integer between 0 (highest
+ priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The
+ available priorities depend on the
+ selected IO scheduling class (see
+ above). See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the CPU
+ scheduling policy for executed
+ processes. Takes one of
+ <option>other</option>,
+ <option>batch</option>,
+ <option>idle</option>,
+ <option>fifo</option> or
+ <option>rr</option>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the CPU
+ scheduling priority for executed
+ processes. Takes an integer between 1
+ (lowest priority) and 99 (highest
+ priority). The available priority
+ range depends on the selected CPU
+ scheduling policy (see above). See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true elevated CPU
+ scheduling priorities and policies
+ will be reset when the executed
+ processes fork, and can hence not leak
+ into child processes. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the CPU
+ affinity of the executed
+ processes. Takes a space-separated
+ list of CPU indexes. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>UMask=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the file mode
+ creation mask. Takes an access mode in
+ octal notation. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Defaults to
+ 0022.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets environment
+ variables for executed
+ processes. Takes a space-separated
+ list of variable assignments. This
+ option may be specified more than once
+ in which case all listed variables
+ will be set. If the same variable is
+ set twice the later setting will
+ override the earlier setting. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Similar to
+ <varname>Environment=</varname> but
+ reads the environment variables from a
+ text file. The text file should
+ contain new-line separated variable
+ assignments. Empty lines and lines
+ starting with ; or # will be ignored,
+ which may be used for commenting. The
+ parser strips leading and
+ trailing whitespace from the values
+ of assignments, unless you use
+ double quotes (").
+ The
+ argument passed should be an absolute
+ file name, optionally prefixed with
+ "-", which indicates that if the file
+ does not exist it won't be read and no
+ error or warning message is
+ logged. The files listed with this
+ directive will be read shortly before
+ the process is executed. Settings from
+ these files override settings made
+ with
+ <varname>Environment=</varname>. If
+ the same variable is set twice from
+ these files the files will be read in
+ the order they are specified and the
+ later setting will override the
+ earlier setting. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls where file
+ descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed
+ processes is connected to. Takes one
+ of <option>null</option>,
+ <option>tty</option>,
+ <option>tty-force</option>,
+ <option>tty-fail</option> or
+ <option>socket</option>. If
+ <option>null</option> is selected
+ standard input will be connected to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
+ i.e. all read attempts by the process
+ will result in immediate EOF. If
+ <option>tty</option> is selected
+ standard input is connected to a TTY
+ (as configured by
+ <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
+ below) and the executed process
+ becomes the controlling process of the
+ terminal. If the terminal is already
+ being controlled by another process the
+ executed process waits until the current
+ controlling process releases the
+ terminal.
+ <option>tty-force</option>
+ is similar to <option>tty</option>,
+ but the executed process is forcefully
+ and immediately made the controlling
+ process of the terminal, potentially
+ removing previous controlling
+ processes from the
+ terminal. <option>tty-fail</option> is
+ similar to <option>tty</option> but if
+ the terminal already has a controlling
+ process start-up of the executed
+ process fails. The
+ <option>socket</option> option is only
+ valid in socket-activated services,
+ and only when the socket configuration
+ file (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) specifies a single socket
+ only. If this option is set standard
+ input will be connected to the socket
+ the service was activated from, which
+ is primarily useful for compatibility
+ with daemons designed for use with the
+ traditional
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ daemon. This setting defaults to
+ <option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls where file
+ descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed
+ processes is connected to. Takes one
+ of <option>inherit</option>,
+ <option>null</option>,
+ <option>tty</option>,
+ <option>syslog</option>,
+ <option>kmsg</option>,
+ <option>journal</option>,
+ <option>syslog+console</option>,
+ <option>kmsg+console</option>,
+ <option>journal+console</option> or
+ <option>socket</option>. If set to
+ <option>inherit</option> the file
+ descriptor of standard input is
+ duplicated for standard output. If set
+ to <option>null</option> standard
+ output will be connected to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
+ i.e. everything written to it will be
+ lost. If set to <option>tty</option>
+ standard output will be connected to a
+ tty (as configured via
+ <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
+ below). If the TTY is used for output
+ only the executed process will not
+ become the controlling process of the
+ terminal, and will not fail or wait
+ for other processes to release the
+ terminal. <option>syslog</option>
+ connects standard output to the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ system syslog
+ service. <option>kmsg</option>
+ connects it with the kernel log buffer
+ which is accessible via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <option>journal</option>
+ connects it with the journal which is
+ accessible via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ (Note that everything that is written
+ to syslog or kmsg is implicitly stored
+ in the journal as well, those options
+ are hence supersets of this
+ one). <option>syslog+console</option>,
+ <option>journal+console</option> and
+ <option>kmsg+console</option> work
+ similarly but copy the output to the
+ system console as
+ well. <option>socket</option> connects
+ standard output to a socket from
+ socket activation, semantics are
+ similar to the respective option of
+ <varname>StandardInput=</varname>.
+ This setting defaults to the value set
+ with
+ <option>DefaultStandardOutput=</option>
+ in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ which defaults to
+ <option>journal</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls where file
+ descriptor 2 (STDERR) of the executed
+ processes is connected to. The
+ available options are identical to
+ those of
+ <varname>StandardOutput=</varname>,
+ with one exception: if set to
+ <option>inherit</option> the file
+ descriptor used for standard output is
+ duplicated for standard error. This
+ setting defaults to the value set with
+ <option>DefaultStandardError=</option>
+ in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ which defaults to
+ <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Sets the terminal
+ device node to use if standard input,
+ output or stderr are connected to a
+ TTY (see above). Defaults to
+ <filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TTYReset=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Reset the terminal
+ device specified with
+ <varname>TTYPath=</varname> before and
+ after execution. Defaults to
+ <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TTYVHangup=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Disconnect all clients
+ which have opened the terminal device
+ specified with
+ <varname>TTYPath=</varname>
+ before and after execution. Defaults
+ to
+ <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TTYVTDisallocate=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>If the terminal
+ device specified with
+ <varname>TTYPath=</varname> is a
+ virtual console terminal try to
+ deallocate the TTY before and after
+ execution. This ensures that the
+ screen and scrollback buffer is
+ cleared. Defaults to
+ <literal>no</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SyslogIdentifier=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Sets the process name
+ to prefix log lines sent to syslog or
+ the kernel log buffer with. If not set
+ defaults to the process name of the
+ executed process. This option is only
+ useful when
+ <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
+ <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
+ set to <option>syslog</option> or
+ <option>kmsg</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Sets the syslog
+ facility to use when logging to
+ syslog. One of <option>kern</option>,
+ <option>user</option>,
+ <option>mail</option>,
+ <option>daemon</option>,
+ <option>auth</option>,
+ <option>syslog</option>,
+ <option>lpr</option>,
+ <option>news</option>,
+ <option>uucp</option>,
+ <option>cron</option>,
+ <option>authpriv</option>,
+ <option>ftp</option>,
+ <option>local0</option>,
+ <option>local1</option>,
+ <option>local2</option>,
+ <option>local3</option>,
+ <option>local4</option>,
+ <option>local5</option>,
+ <option>local6</option> or
+ <option>local7</option>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. This option is only
+ useful when
+ <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
+ <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
+ set to <option>syslog</option>.
+ Defaults to
+ <option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Default syslog level
+ to use when logging to syslog or the
+ kernel log buffer. One of
+ <option>emerg</option>,
+ <option>alert</option>,
+ <option>crit</option>,
+ <option>err</option>,
+ <option>warning</option>,
+ <option>notice</option>,
+ <option>info</option>,
+ <option>debug</option>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. This option is only
+ useful when
+ <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
+ <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
+ set to <option>syslog</option> or
+ <option>kmsg</option>. Note that
+ individual lines output by the daemon
+ might be prefixed with a different log
+ level which can be used to override
+ the default log level specified
+ here. The interpretation of these
+ prefixes may be disabled with
+ <varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>,
+ see below. For details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+
+ Defaults to
+ <option>info</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true and
+ <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
+ <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
+ set to <option>syslog</option>,
+ <option>kmsg</option> or
+ <option>journal</option>, log lines
+ written by the executed process that
+ are prefixed with a log level will be
+ passed on to syslog with this log
+ level set but the prefix removed. If
+ set to false, the interpretation of
+ these prefixes is disabled and the
+ logged lines are passed on as-is. For
+ details about this prefixing see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ Defaults to true.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
+ in nanoseconds for the executed
+ processes. The timer slack controls
+ the accuracy of wake-ups triggered by
+ timers. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information. Note that in
+ contrast to most other time span
+ definitions this parameter takes an
+ integer value in nano-seconds if no
+ unit is specified. The usual time
+ units are understood
+ too.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>These settings control
+ various resource limits for executed
+ processes. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Use the string
+ <varname>infinity</varname> to
+ configure no limit on a specific
+ resource.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Sets the PAM service
+ name to set up a session as. If set
+ the executed process will be
+ registered as a PAM session under the
+ specified service name. This is only
+ useful in conjunction with the
+ <varname>User=</varname> setting. If
+ not set no PAM session will be opened
+ for the executed processes. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TCPWrapName=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>If this is a
+ socket-activated service this sets the
+ tcpwrap service name to check the
+ permission for the current connection
+ with. This is only useful in
+ conjunction with socket-activated
+ services, and stream sockets (TCP) in
+ particular. It has no effect on other
+ socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and
+ on processes unrelated to socket-based
+ activation. If the tcpwrap
+ verification fails daemon start-up
+ will fail and the connection is
+ terminated. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Note that this option may
+ be used to do access control checks
+ only. Shell commands and commands
+ described in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hosts_options</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ are not supported.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls which
+ capabilities to include in the
+ capability bounding set for the
+ executed process. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Takes a whitespace
+ separated list of capability names as
+ read by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ Capabilities listed will be included
+ in the bounding set, all others are
+ removed. If the list of capabilities
+ is prefixed with ~ all but the listed
+ capabilities will be included, the
+ effect of the assignment
+ inverted. Note that this option also
+ effects the respective capabilities in
+ the effective, permitted and
+ inheritable capability sets, on top of
+ what <varname>Capabilities=</varname>
+ does. If this option is not used the
+ capability bounding set is not
+ modified on process execution, hence
+ no limits on the capabilities of the
+ process are
+ enforced.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls the secure
+ bits set for the executed process. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Takes a list of strings:
+ <option>keep-caps</option>,
+ <option>keep-caps-locked</option>,
+ <option>no-setuid-fixup</option>,
+ <option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>,
+ <option>noroot</option> and/or
+ <option>noroot-locked</option>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ set for the executed process. Take a
+ capability string describing the
+ effective, permitted and inherited
+ capability sets as documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ Note that these capability sets are
+ usually influenced by the capabilities
+ attached to the executed file. Due to
+ that
+ <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>
+ is probably the much more useful
+ setting.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ControlGroup=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls the control
+ groups the executed processes shall be
+ made members of. Takes a
+ space-separated list of cgroup
+ identifiers. A cgroup identifier has a
+ format like
+ <filename>cpu:/foo/bar</filename>,
+ where "cpu" identifies the kernel
+ control group controller used, and
+ <filename>/foo/bar</filename> is the
+ control group path. The controller
+ name and ":" may be omitted in which
+ case the named systemd control group
+ hierarchy is implied. Alternatively,
+ the path and ":" may be omitted, in
+ which case the default control group
+ path for this unit is implied. This
+ option may be used to place executed
+ processes in arbitrary groups in
+ arbitrary hierarchies -- which can be
+ configured externally with additional
+ execution limits. By default systemd
+ will place all executed processes in
+ separate per-unit control groups
+ (named after the unit) in the systemd
+ named hierarchy. Since every process
+ can be in one group per hierarchy only
+ overriding the control group path in
+ the named systemd hierarchy will
+ disable automatic placement in the
+ default group. This option is
+ primarily intended to place executed
+ processes in specific paths in
+ specific kernel controller
+ hierarchies. It is however not
+ recommended to manipulate the service
+ control group path in the systemd
+ named hierarchy. For details about
+ control groups see <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ControlGroupModify=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, the control groups
+ created for this unit will be owned by
+ the user specified with
+ <varname>User=</varname> (and the
+ appropriate group), and he/she can create
+ subgroups as well as add processes to
+ the group.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ControlGroupPersistent=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, the control groups
+ created for this unit will be marked
+ to be persistent, i.e. systemd will
+ not remove them when stopping the
+ unit. The default is false, meaning
+ that the control groups will be
+ removed when the unit is stopped. For
+ details about the semantics of this
+ logic see <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups">PaxControlGroups</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ControlGroupAttribute=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set a specific control
+ group attribute for executed
+ processes, and (if needed) add the
+ executed processes to a cgroup in the
+ hierarchy of the controller the
+ attribute belongs to. Takes two
+ space-separated arguments: the
+ attribute name (syntax is
+ <literal>cpu.shares</literal> where
+ <literal>cpu</literal> refers to a
+ specific controller and
+ <literal>shares</literal> to the
+ attribute name), and the attribute
+ value. Example:
+ <literal>ControlGroupAttribute=cpu.shares
+ 512</literal>. If this option is used
+ for an attribute that belongs to a
+ kernel controller hierarchy the unit
+ is not already configured to be added
+ to (for example via the
+ <literal>ControlGroup=</literal>
+ option) then the unit will be added to
+ the controller and the default unit
+ cgroup path is implied. Thus, using
+ <varname>ControlGroupAttribute=</varname>
+ is in most case sufficient to make use
+ of control group enforcements,
+ explicit
+ <varname>ControlGroup=</varname> are
+ only necessary in case the implied
+ default control group path for a
+ service is not desirable. For details
+ about control group attributes see
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>. This
+ option may appear more than once, in
+ order to set multiple control group
+ attributes.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPUShares=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Assign the specified
+ overall CPU time shares to the
+ processes executed. Takes an integer
+ value. This controls the
+ <literal>cpu.shares</literal> control
+ group attribute, which defaults to
+ 1024. For details about this control
+ group attribute see <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/scheduler/sched-design-CFS.txt">sched-design-CFS.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MemoryLimit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>MemorySoftLimit=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Limit the overall memory usage
+ of the executed processes to a certain
+ size. Takes a memory size in bytes. If
+ the value is suffixed with K, M, G or
+ T the specified memory size is parsed
+ as Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes,
+ or Terabytes (to the base
+ 1024), respectively. This controls the
+ <literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>memory.soft_limit_in_bytes</literal>
+ control group attributes. For details
+ about these control group attributes
+ see <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt">memory.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DeviceAllow=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DeviceDeny=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Control access to
+ specific device nodes by the executed processes. Takes two
+ space separated strings: a device node
+ path (such as
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename>)
+ followed by a combination of r, w, m
+ to control reading, writing, or
+ creating of the specific device node
+ by the unit, respectively. This controls the
+ <literal>devices.allow</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>devices.deny</literal>
+ control group attributes. For details
+ about these control group attributes
+ see <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt">devices.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the default or
+ per-device overall block IO weight
+ value for the executed
+ processes. Takes either a single
+ weight value (between 10 and 1000) to
+ set the default block IO weight, or a
+ space separated pair of a file path
+ and a weight value to specify the
+ device specific weight value (Example:
+ "/dev/sda 500"). The file path may be
+ specified as path to a block device
+ node or as any other file in which
+ case the backing block device of the
+ file system of the file is
+ determined. This controls the
+ <literal>blkio.weight</literal> and
+ <literal>blkio.weight_device</literal>
+ control group attributes, which
+ default to 1000. Use this option
+ multiple times to set weights for
+ multiple devices. For details about
+ these control group attributes see
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BlockIOReadBandwidth=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>BlockIOWriteBandwidth=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the per-device
+ overall block IO bandwidth limit for
+ the executed processes. Takes a space
+ separated pair of a file path and a
+ bandwidth value (in bytes per second)
+ to specify the device specific
+ bandwidth. The file path may be
+ specified as path to a block device
+ node or as any other file in which
+ case the backing block device of the
+ file system of the file is determined.
+ If the bandwidth is suffixed with K, M,
+ G, or T the specified bandwidth is
+ parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes,
+ Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively (Example:
+ "/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0
+ 5M"). This controls the
+ <literal>blkio.read_bps_device</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>blkio.write_bps_device</literal>
+ control group attributes. Use this
+ option multiple times to set bandwidth
+ limits for multiple devices. For
+ details about these control group
+ attributes see <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets up a new
+ file-system name space for executed
+ processes. These options may be used
+ to limit access a process might have
+ to the main file-system
+ hierarchy. Each setting takes a
+ space-separated list of absolute
+ directory paths. Directories listed in
+ <varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>
+ are accessible from within the
+ namespace with the same access rights
+ as from outside. Directories listed in
+ <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
+ are accessible for reading only,
+ writing will be refused even if the
+ usual file access controls would
+ permit this. Directories listed in
+ <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
+ will be made inaccessible for processes
+ inside the namespace. Note that
+ restricting access with these options
+ does not extend to submounts of a
+ directory. You must list submounts
+ separately in these settings to
+ ensure the same limited access. These
+ options may be specified more than
+ once in which case all directories
+ listed will have limited access from
+ within the
+ namespace.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true sets up a new file
+ system namespace for the executed
+ processes and mounts a private
+ <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
+ inside it, that is not shared by
+ processes outside of the
+ namespace. This is useful to secure
+ access to temporary files of the
+ process, but makes sharing between
+ processes via
+ <filename>/tmp</filename>
+ impossible. Defaults to
+ false.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PrivateNetwork=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true sets up a new
+ network namespace for the executed
+ processes and configures only the
+ loopback network device
+ <literal>lo</literal> inside it. No
+ other network devices will be
+ available to the executed process.
+ This is useful to securely turn off
+ network access by the executed
+ process. Defaults to
+ false.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a mount
+ propagation flag:
+ <option>shared</option>,
+ <option>slave</option> or
+ <option>private</option>, which
+ control whether the file system
+ namespace set up for this unit's
+ processes will receive or propagate
+ new mounts. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Default to
+ <option>shared</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>UtmpIdentifier=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a four
+ character identifier string for an
+ utmp/wtmp entry for this service. This
+ should only be set for services such
+ as <command>getty</command>
+ implementations where utmp/wtmp
+ entries must be created and cleared
+ before and after execution. If the
+ configured string is longer than four
+ characters it is truncated and the
+ terminal four characters are
+ used. This setting interprets %I style
+ string replacements. This setting is
+ unset by default, i.e. no utmp/wtmp
+ entries are created or cleaned up for
+ this service.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IgnoreSIGPIPE=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true causes SIGPIPE to be
+ ignored in the executed
+ process. Defaults to true, since
+ SIGPIPE generally is useful only in
+ shell pipelines.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>NoNewPrivileges=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true ensures that the
+ service process and all its children
+ can never gain new privileges. This
+ option is more powerful than the respective
+ secure bits flags (see above), as it
+ also prohibits UID changes of any
+ kind. This is the simplest, most
+ effective way to ensure that a process
+ and its children can never elevate
+ privileges again.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SystemCallFilter=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a space
+ separated list of system call
+ names. If this setting is used all
+ system calls executed by the unit
+ process except for the listed ones
+ will result in immediate process
+ termination with the SIGSYS signal
+ (whitelisting). If the first character
+ of the list is <literal>~</literal>
+ the effect is inverted: only the
+ listed system calls will result in
+ immediate process termination
+ (blacklisting). If this option is used
+ <varname>NoNewPrivileges=yes</varname>
+ is implied. This feature makes use of
+ the Secure Computing Mode 2 interfaces
+ of the kernel ('seccomp filtering')
+ and is useful for enforcing a minimal
+ sandboxing environment. Note that the
+ <function>execve</function>,
+ <function>rt_sigreturn</function>,
+ <function>sigreturn</function>,
+ <function>exit_group</function>,
+ <function>exit</function> system calls
+ are implicitly whitelisted and don't
+ need to be listed
+ explicitly.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.journal-fields.xml b/man/systemd.journal-fields.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76a436d650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.journal-fields.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.journal-fields">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.journal-fields</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.journal-fields</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Special journal fields</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>Entries in the journal resemble an environment
+ block in their syntax, however with fields that can
+ include binary data. Primarily, fields are formatted
+ UTF-8 text strings, and binary formatting is used only
+ where formatting as UTF-8 text strings makes little
+ sense. New fields may freely be defined by
+ applications, but a few fields have special
+ meaning. All fields with special meanings are
+ optional. In some cases fields may appear more than
+ once per entry.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>User Journal Fields</title>
+
+ <para>User fields are fields that are directly passed
+ from clients and stored in the journal.</para>
+
+ <variablelist class='journal-directives'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MESSAGE=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The human readable
+ message string for this
+ entry. This is supposed to be
+ the primary text shown to the
+ user. It is usually not
+ translated (but might be in
+ some cases), and is not
+ supposed to be parsed for meta
+ data.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MESSAGE_ID=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A 128bit message
+ identifier ID for recognizing
+ certain message types, if this
+ is desirable. This should
+ contain a 128bit id formatted
+ as lower-case hexadecimal
+ string, without any separating
+ dashes or suchlike. This is
+ recommended to be a UUID
+ compatible ID, but this is not
+ enforced, and formatted
+ differently. Developers can
+ generate a new ID for this
+ purpose with
+ <command>journalctl
+ --new-id</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PRIORITY=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A priority value between
+ 0 (<literal>emerg</literal>)
+ and 7
+ (<literal>debug</literal>)
+ formatted as decimal
+ string. This field is
+ compatible with syslog's
+ priority concept.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CODE_FILE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>CODE_LINE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>CODE_FUNC=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The code location
+ generating this message, if
+ known. Contains the source
+ file name, the line number and
+ the function name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ERRNO=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The low-level Unix error
+ number causing this entry, if
+ any. Contains the numeric
+ value of
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ formatted as decimal
+ string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SYSLOG_FACILITY=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SYSLOG_PID=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Syslog compatibility
+ fields containing the facility
+ (formatted as decimal string),
+ the identifier string
+ (i.e. "tag"), and the client
+ PID.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Trusted Journal Fields</title>
+
+ <para>Fields prefixed with an underscore are trusted
+ fields, i.e. fields that are implicitly added by the
+ journal and cannot be altered by client code.</para>
+
+ <variablelist class='journal-directives'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_PID=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_UID=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_GID=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The process, user and
+ group ID of the process the
+ journal entry originates from
+ formatted as decimal
+ string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_COMM=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_EXE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name, the executable
+ path and the command line of
+ the process the journal entry
+ originates from.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The session and login
+ UID of the process the journal
+ entry originates from, as
+ maintained by the kernel audit
+ subsystem.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The control group path in
+ the systemd hierarchy, the
+ systemd session ID (if any),
+ the systemd unit name (if any)
+ and the owner UID of the
+ systemd session (if any) of
+ the process the journal entry
+ originates from.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_SELINUX_CONTEXT=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The SELinux security
+ context of the process the
+ journal entry originates
+ from.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The earliest trusted
+ timestamp of the message, if
+ any is known that is different
+ from the reception time of the
+ journal. This is the time in
+ usec since the epoch UTC
+ formatted as decimal
+ string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_BOOT_ID=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel boot ID for
+ the boot the message was
+ generated in, formatted as
+ 128bit hexadecimal
+ string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_MACHINE_ID=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The machine ID of the
+ originating host, as available
+ in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name of the
+ originating host.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>_TRANSPORT=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>How the entry was
+ received by the journal
+ service. One of
+ <literal>driver</literal>,
+ <literal>syslog</literal>,
+ <literal>journal</literal>,
+ <literal>stdout</literal>,
+ <literal>kernel</literal> for
+ internally generated messages,
+ for those received via the
+ local syslog socket with the
+ syslog protocol, for those
+ received via the native
+ journal protocol, for the
+ those read from a services'
+ standard output or error
+ output, or for those read
+ from the kernel, respectively.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Journal Fields</title>
+
+ <para>Kernel fields are fields that are used by
+ messages originating in the kernel and stored in the
+ journal.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel device
+ name. If the entry is
+ associated to a block device,
+ the major and minor of the
+ device node, separated by ':'
+ and prefixed by 'b'. Similar
+ for character devices, but
+ prefixed by 'c'. For network
+ devices the interface index,
+ prefixed by 'n'. For all other
+ devices '+' followed by the
+ subsystem name, followed by
+ ':', followed by the kernel
+ device name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>_KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM=</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel subsystem name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>_UDEV_SYSNAME=</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel device name
+ as it shows up in the device
+ tree below
+ <filename>/sys</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>_UDEV_DEVNODE=</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The device node path of
+ this device in
+ <filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>_UDEV_DEVLINK=</term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Additional symlink names
+ pointing to the device node in
+ <filename>/dev</filename>. This
+ field is frequently set more
+ than once per entry.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Address Fields</title>
+
+ <para>During serialization into external formats, such
+ as the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
+ Export Format</ulink> or the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
+ JSON Format</ulink>, the addresses of journal entries
+ are serialized into fields prefixed with double
+ underscores. Note that these aren't proper fields when
+ stored in the journal, but addressing meta data of
+ entries. They cannot be written as part of structured
+ log entries via calls such as
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. They
+ may also not be used as matches for
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
+
+ <variablelist class='journal-directives'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>__CURSOR=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The cursor for the
+ entry. A cursor is an opaque
+ text string that uniquely
+ describes the position of an
+ entry in the journal and is
+ portable across machines,
+ platforms and journal
+ files.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The wallclock time
+ (CLOCK_REALTIME) at the point
+ in time the entry was received
+ by the journal, in usec since
+ the epoch UTC formatted as
+ decimal string. This has
+ different properties from
+ <literal>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</literal>
+ as it is usually a bit later
+ but more likely to be
+ monotonic.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The monotonic time
+ (CLOCK_MONOTONIC) at the point
+ in time the entry was received
+ by the journal in usec
+ formatted as decimal
+ string. To be useful as an
+ address for the entry this
+ should be combined with with
+ boot ID in
+ <literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.kill.xml b/man/systemd.kill.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3fff2f57e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.kill.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.kill">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.kill</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.kill</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Kill environment configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.service</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.socket</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.mount</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.swap</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets,
+ mount points and swap devices share a subset of
+ configuration options which define the process killing
+ parameters of spawned processes.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ shared by these four unit types. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files, and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information on the specific unit
+ configuration files. The execution specific
+ configuration options are configured in the [Service],
+ [Socket], [Mount], or [Swap] section, depending on the unit
+ type.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>KillMode=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies how
+ processes of this service shall be
+ killed. One of
+ <option>control-group</option>,
+ <option>process</option>,
+ <option>none</option>.</para>
+
+ <para>If set to
+ <option>control-group</option> all
+ remaining processes in the control
+ group of this unit will be terminated
+ on unit stop (for services: after the
+ stop command is executed, as
+ configured with
+ <varname>ExecStop=</varname>). If set
+ to <option>process</option> only the
+ main process itself is killed. If set
+ to <option>none</option> no process is
+ killed. In this case only the stop
+ command will be executed on unit
+ stop, but no process be killed
+ otherwise. Processes remaining alive
+ after stop are left in their control
+ group and the control group continues
+ to exist after stop unless it is
+ empty. Defaults to
+ <option>control-group</option>.</para>
+
+ <para>Processes will first be
+ terminated via SIGTERM (unless the
+ signal to send is changed via
+ <varname>KillSignal=</varname>). If
+ then after a delay (configured via the
+ <varname>TimeoutSec=</varname> option)
+ processes still remain, the
+ termination request is repeated with
+ the SIGKILL signal (unless this is
+ disabled via the
+ <varname>SendSIGKILL=</varname>
+ option). See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more
+ information.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>KillSignal=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies which signal
+ to use when killing a
+ service. Defaults to SIGTERM.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SendSIGKILL=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies whether to
+ send SIGKILL to remaining processes
+ after a timeout, if the normal
+ shutdown procedure left processes of
+ the service around. Takes a boolean
+ value. Defaults to "yes".
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.mount.xml b/man/systemd.mount.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..219ef6531e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.mount.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.mount">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.mount</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.mount</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Mount unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.mount</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.mount</filename> encodes information about
+ a file system mount point controlled and supervised by
+ systemd.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The
+ mount specific configuration options are configured
+ in the [Mount] section.</para>
+
+ <para>Additional options are listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ which define the execution environment the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ binary is executed in, and in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ which define the way the processes are
+ terminated.</para>
+
+ <para>Mount units must be named after the mount point
+ directories they control. Example: the mount point
+ <filename>/home/lennart</filename> must be configured
+ in a unit file
+ <filename>home-lennart.mount</filename>. For details
+ about the escaping logic used to convert a file system
+ path to a unit name see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>Optionally, a mount unit may be accompanied by
+ an automount unit, to allow on-demand or parallelized
+ mounting. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If a mount point is beneath another mount point
+ in the file system hierarchy, a dependency between both
+ units is created automatically.</para>
+
+ <para>Mount points created at runtime independent on
+ unit files or <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> will be
+ monitored by systemd and appear like any other mount
+ unit in systemd.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title><filename>/etc/fstab</filename></title>
+
+ <para>Mount units may either be configured via unit
+ files, or via <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). Mounts listed in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> will be converted into
+ native units dynamically at boot and when the
+ configuration of the system manager is reloaded. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about the conversion.</para>
+
+ <para>When reading <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> a
+ few special mount options are understood by systemd
+ which influence how dependencies are created for mount
+ points from <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. systemd
+ will create a dependency of type
+ <option>Wants</option> from either
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename> or
+ <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>, depending
+ whether the file system is local or remote. If
+ <option>x-systemd.automount</option> is set, an
+ automount unit will be created for the file
+ system. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. If
+ <option>x-systemd.device-timeout=</option> is
+ specified it may be used to configure how long systemd
+ should wait for a device to show up before giving up
+ on an entry from
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. Specify a time in
+ seconds or explicitly specify a unit as
+ <literal>s</literal>, <literal>min</literal>,
+ <literal>h</literal>, <literal>ms</literal>.</para>
+
+ <para>If a mount point is configured in both
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and a unit file, the
+ configuration in the latter takes precedence.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Mount files must include a [Mount] section,
+ which carries information about the file system mount points it
+ supervises. A number of options that may be used in
+ this section are shared with other unit types. These
+ options are documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ options specific to the [Mount] section of mount
+ units are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>What=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute path
+ of a device node, file or other
+ resource to mount. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. If this refers to a
+ device node, a dependency on the
+ respective device unit is
+ automatically created. (See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.)
+ This option is
+ mandatory.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Where=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute path
+ of a directory of the mount point. If
+ the mount point does not exist at the
+ time of mounting, it is created. This
+ string must be reflected in the unit
+ file name. (See above.) This option is
+ mandatory.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a string for the
+ filesystem type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. This setting is
+ optional.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Options=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Mount options to use
+ when mounting. This takes a comma
+ separated list of options. This
+ setting is optional.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Directories of mount
+ points (and any parent directories)
+ are automatically created if
+ needed. This option specifies the file
+ system access mode used when creating
+ these directories. Takes an access
+ mode in octal notation. Defaults to
+ 0755.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the time to
+ wait for the mount command to
+ finish. If a command does not exit
+ within the configured time the mount
+ will be considered failed and be shut
+ down again. All commands still running
+ will be terminated forcibly via
+ SIGTERM, and after another delay of
+ this time with SIGKILL. (See
+ <option>KillMode=</option> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
+ Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or
+ a time span value such as "5min
+ 20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
+ logic. Defaults to
+ 90s.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Check
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more settings.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Compatibility Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following option is also available in the
+ <literal>[Mount]</literal> section, but exists purely
+ for compatibility reasons and should not be used in
+ newly written mount files.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>FsckPassNo=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The pass number for
+ the file system checking service for
+ this mount. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information on this setting.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.path.xml b/man/systemd.path.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a27a97be77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.path.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.path">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.path</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.path</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Path unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.path</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.path</filename> encodes information about
+ a path monitored by systemd, for
+ path-based activation.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The
+ path specific configuration options are configured in
+ the [Path] section.</para>
+
+ <para>For each path file, a matching unit file must
+ exist, describing the unit to activate when the path
+ changes. By default, a service by the same name as the
+ path (except for the suffix) is activated. Example: a
+ path file <filename>foo.path</filename> activates a
+ matching service <filename>foo.service</filename>. The
+ unit to activate may be controlled by
+ <varname>Unit=</varname> (see below).</para>
+
+ <para>Internally, path units use the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inotify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ API to monitor file systems. Due to that, it suffers by the
+ same limitations as inotify, and for example cannot be
+ used to monitor files or directories changed by other
+ machines on remote NFS file systems.</para>
+
+ <para>If a path unit is beneath another mount
+ point in the file system hierarchy, a dependency
+ between both units is created automatically.</para>
+
+ <para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
+ is set to <option>false</option>, path units will
+ implicitly have dependencies of type
+ <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and
+ <varname>Before=</varname> on
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure
+ that path units are terminated cleanly prior to system
+ shutdown. Only path units involved with early boot or
+ late system shutdown should disable this
+ option.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Path files must include a [Path] section,
+ which carries information about the path(s) it
+ monitors. The options specific to the [Path] section
+ of path units are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PathExists=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>PathExistsGlob=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>PathChanged=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>PathModified=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>DirectoryNotEmpty=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Defines paths to
+ monitor for certain changes:
+ <varname>PathExists=</varname> may be
+ used to watch the mere existence of a
+ file or directory. If the file
+ specified exists the configured unit
+ is
+ activated. <varname>PathExistsGlob=</varname>
+ works similar, but checks for the
+ existence of at least one file
+ matching the globbing pattern
+ specified. <varname>PathChanged=</varname>
+ may be used to watch a file or
+ directory and activate the configured
+ unit whenever it changes. It is not activated
+ on every write to the watched file but it is
+ activated if the file which was open for writing
+ gets closed. <varname>PathModified=</varname>
+ is similar, but additionally it is activated
+ also on simple writes to the watched file.
+
+ <varname>DirectoryNotEmpty=</varname>
+ may be used to watch a directory and
+ activate the configured unit whenever
+ it contains at least one file.</para>
+
+ <para>The arguments of these
+ directives must be absolute file
+ system paths.</para>
+
+ <para>Multiple directives may be
+ combined, of the same and of different
+ types, to watch multiple paths.</para>
+
+ <para>If a path is already existing
+ (in case of
+ <varname>PathExists=</varname> and
+ <varname>PathExistsGlob=</varname>) or
+ a directory already is not empty (in
+ case of
+ <varname>DirectoryNotEmpty=</varname>)
+ at the time the path unit is
+ activated, then the configured unit is
+ immediately activated as
+ well. Something similar does not apply
+ to <varname>PathChanged=</varname>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Unit=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The unit to activate
+ when any of the configured paths
+ changes. The argument is a unit name,
+ whose suffix is not
+ <filename>.path</filename>. If not
+ specified, this value defaults to a
+ service that has the same name as the
+ path unit, except for the suffix. (See
+ above.) It is recommended that the
+ unit name that is activated and the
+ unit name of the path unit are named
+ identical, except for the
+ suffix.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MakeDirectory=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true the directories to
+ watch are created before
+ watching. This option is ignored for
+ <varname>PathExists=</varname>
+ settings. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <varname>MakeDirectory=</varname> is
+ enabled use the mode specified here to
+ create the directories in
+ question. Takes an access mode in
+ octal notation. Defaults to
+ <option>0755</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inotify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.preset.xml b/man/systemd.preset.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a692053876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.preset.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="systemd.preset">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.preset</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.preset</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Service enablement presets</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/systemd/system-preset/*.preset</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/run/systemd/system-preset/*.preset</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/*.preset</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/etc/systemd/user-preset/*.preset</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/run/systemd/user-preset/*.preset</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/user-preset/*.preset</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>Preset files may be used to encode policy which
+ units shall be enabled by default and which ones
+ shall be disabled. They are read by <command>systemctl
+ preset</command> (for more information see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
+ which uses this information to enable or disable a
+ unit according to preset policy. <command>systemctl
+ preset</command> is used by the post install
+ scriptlets of RPM packages (or other OS package formats),
+ to enable/disable specific units by default on package
+ installation, enforcing distribution, spin or
+ administrator preset policy. This allows choosing a certain
+ set of units to be enabled/disabled even before
+ installing the actual package.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information on the preset logic please
+ have a look at the <ulink
+ url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Presets</ulink>
+ document.</para>
+
+ <para>It is not recommended to ship preset files
+ within the respective software packages implementing
+ the units, but rather centralize them in a
+ distribution or spin default policy, which can be
+ amended by administrator policy.</para>
+
+ <para>If no preset files exist, <command>systemctl
+ preset</command> will enable all units that are
+ installed by default. If this is not desired and all
+ units shall rather be disabled it is necessary to ship
+ a preset file with a single, catchall
+ "<filename>disable *</filename>" line. (See example 1,
+ below.)</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Preset File Format</title>
+
+ <para>The preset files contain a list of
+ directives consisting of either the word
+ <literal>enable</literal> or
+ <literal>disable</literal> followed by a space and a
+ unit name (possibly with shell style wildcards),
+ separated by newlines. Empty lines and lines whose
+ first non-whitespace character is # or ; are
+ ignored.</para>
+
+ <para>Two different directives are understood:
+ <literal>enable</literal> may be used to enable units
+ by default, <literal>disable</literal> to disable
+ units by default.</para>
+
+ <para>If multiple lines apply to a unit name the
+ first matching one takes precedence over all
+ others.</para>
+
+ <para>Each preset file shall be named in the style of
+ <filename>&lt;priority&gt;-&lt;program&gt;.conf</filename>.
+ Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files
+ with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>
+ and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the
+ same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages
+ should install their preset files in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local
+ administrator, who may use this logic to override the
+ preset files installed by vendor packages. All preset
+ files are sorted by their filename in alphabetical
+ order, regardless in which of the directories they
+ reside, to guarantee that a specific preset file takes
+ precedence over another file with an alphabetically
+ earlier name, if both files contain lines that apply
+ to the same unit names. It is recommended to prefix
+ all file names with two-digit number, to simplify
+ ordering.</para>
+
+ <para>If the administrator wants to disable a preset
+ file supplied by the vendor the recommended way is to
+ place a symlink to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
+ <filename>/etc/systemd/system-preset/</filename>
+ bearing the same file name.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Default off example <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/99-default.preset</filename>:</title>
+
+ <programlisting>disable *</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>This disables all units. Due to the file name
+ prefix <literal>99-</literal> it will be read last and
+ hence can easily be overridden by spin or
+ administrator preset policy or suchlike.</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>A GNOME spin example <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system-preset/50-gnome.preset</filename>:</title>
+
+ <programlisting>enable gdm.service
+enable colord.service
+enable accounts-daemon.service
+enable avahi-daemon.*</programlisting>
+
+ </example>
+
+ <para>This enables the three mentioned units, plus all
+ <filename>avahi-daemon</filename> regardless of which
+ unit type. A file like this could be useful for
+ inclusion in a GNOME spin of a distribution. It will
+ ensure that the units necessary for GNOME are properly
+ enabled as they are installed. It leaves all other
+ units untouched, and subject to other (later) preset
+ files, for example like the one from the first example
+ above.</para>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Administrator policy <filename>/etc/systemd/system-preset/00-lennart.preset</filename>:</title>
+
+ <programlisting>enable httpd.service
+enable sshd.service
+enable postfix.service
+disable *</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <para>This enables three specific services and
+ disables all others. This is useful for administrators
+ to specifically select the units to enable, and
+ disable all others. Due to the file name prefix
+ <literal>00-</literal> it will be read early and hence
+ overrides all other preset policy files.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.service.xml b/man/systemd.service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00a6398a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,924 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.service">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.service</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.service</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Service unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.service</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.service</filename> encodes information
+ about a process controlled and supervised by
+ systemd.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic <literal>[Unit]</literal> and
+ <literal>[Install]</literal> sections. The service
+ specific configuration options are configured in the
+ <literal>[Service]</literal> section.</para>
+
+ <para>Additional options are listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ which define the execution environment the commands
+ are executed in, and in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ which define the way the processes of the service are
+ terminated.</para>
+
+ <para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
+ is set to <option>false</option>, service units will
+ implicitly have dependencies of type
+ <varname>Requires=</varname> and
+ <varname>After=</varname> on
+ <filename>basic.target</filename> as well as
+ dependencies of type <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and
+ <varname>Before=</varname> on
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure
+ that normal service units pull in basic system
+ initialization, and are terminated cleanly prior to
+ system shutdown. Only services involved with early
+ boot or late system shutdown should disable this
+ option.</para>
+
+ <para>If a service is requested under a certain name
+ but no unit configuration file is found, systemd looks
+ for a SysV init script by the same name (with the
+ <filename>.service</filename> suffix removed) and
+ dynamically creates a service unit from that
+ script. This is useful for compatibility with
+ SysV. Note that this compatibility is quite
+ comprehensive but not 100%. For details about the
+ incompatibilities see the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Incompatibilities">Incompatibilities
+ with SysV</ulink> document.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Service files must include a
+ <literal>[Service]</literal> section, which carries
+ information about the service and the process it
+ supervises. A number of options that may be used in
+ this section are shared with other unit types. These
+ options are documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ options specific to the <literal>[Service]</literal>
+ section of service units are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures the process
+ start-up type for this service
+ unit. One of <option>simple</option>,
+ <option>forking</option>,
+ <option>oneshot</option>,
+ <option>dbus</option>,
+ <option>notify</option> or
+ <option>idle</option>.</para>
+
+ <para>If set to
+ <option>simple</option> (the default
+ value if <varname>BusName=</varname>
+ is not specified) it is expected that
+ the process configured with
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is the
+ main process of the service. In this
+ mode, if the process offers
+ functionality to other processes on
+ the system its communication channels
+ should be installed before the daemon
+ is started up (e.g. sockets set up by
+ systemd, via socket activation), as
+ systemd will immediately proceed
+ starting follow-up units.</para>
+
+ <para>If set to
+ <option>forking</option> it is
+ expected that the process configured
+ with <varname>ExecStart=</varname>
+ will call <function>fork()</function>
+ as part of its start-up. The parent process is
+ expected to exit when start-up is
+ complete and all communication
+ channels set up. The child continues
+ to run as the main daemon
+ process. This is the behavior of
+ traditional UNIX daemons. If this
+ setting is used, it is recommended to
+ also use the
+ <varname>PIDFile=</varname> option, so
+ that systemd can identify the main
+ process of the daemon. systemd will
+ proceed starting follow-up units as
+ soon as the parent process
+ exits.</para>
+
+ <para>Behavior of
+ <option>oneshot</option> is similar
+ to <option>simple</option>, however
+ it is expected that the process has to
+ exit before systemd starts follow-up
+ units. <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname>
+ is particularly useful for this type
+ of service.</para>
+
+ <para>Behavior of
+ <option>dbus</option> is similar to
+ <option>simple</option>, however it is
+ expected that the daemon acquires a
+ name on the D-Bus bus, as configured
+ by
+ <varname>BusName=</varname>. systemd
+ will proceed starting follow-up units
+ after the D-Bus bus name has been
+ acquired. Service units with this
+ option configured implicitly gain
+ dependencies on the
+ <filename>dbus.socket</filename>
+ unit. This type is the default if
+ <varname>BusName=</varname> is
+ specified.</para>
+
+ <para>Behavior of
+ <option>notify</option> is similar to
+ <option>simple</option>, however it is
+ expected that the daemon sends a
+ notification message via
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or an equivalent call when it finished
+ starting up. systemd will proceed
+ starting follow-up units after this
+ notification message has been sent. If
+ this option is used
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> (see
+ below) should be set to open access to
+ the notification socket provided by
+ systemd. If
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> is
+ not set, it will be implicitly set to
+ <option>main</option>.</para>
+
+ <para>Behavior of
+ <option>idle</option> is very similar
+ to <option>simple</option>, however
+ actual execution of the service
+ binary is delayed until all jobs are
+ dispatched. This may be used to avoid
+ interleaving of output of shell
+ services with the status output on the
+ console.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value
+ that specifies whether the service
+ shall be considered active even when
+ all its processes exited. Defaults to
+ <option>no</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>GuessMainPID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean value
+ that specifies whether systemd should
+ try to guess the main PID of a service
+ if it cannot be determined
+ reliably. This option is ignored
+ unless <option>Type=forking</option>
+ is set and <option>PIDFile=</option>
+ is unset because for the other types
+ or with an explicitly configured PID
+ file the main PID is always known. The
+ guessing algorithm might come to
+ incorrect conclusions if a daemon
+ consists of more than one process. If
+ the main PID cannot be determined
+ failure detection and automatic
+ restarting of a service will not work
+ reliably. Defaults to
+ <option>yes</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PIDFile=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute file
+ name pointing to the PID file of this
+ daemon. Use of this option is
+ recommended for services where
+ <varname>Type=</varname> is set to
+ <option>forking</option>. systemd will
+ read the PID of the main process of
+ the daemon after start-up of the
+ service. systemd will not write to the
+ file configured here.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BusName=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a D-Bus bus
+ name, that this service is reachable
+ as. This option is mandatory for
+ services where
+ <varname>Type=</varname> is set to
+ <option>dbus</option>, but its use
+ is otherwise recommended as well if
+ the process takes a name on the D-Bus
+ bus.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecStart=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a command line
+ that is executed when this service
+ shall be started up. The first token
+ of the command line must be an
+ absolute file name, then followed by
+ arguments for the process. It is
+ mandatory to set this option for all
+ services. This option may not be
+ specified more than once, except when
+ <varname>Type=oneshot</varname> is
+ used in which case more than one
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname> line is
+ accepted which are then invoked one by
+ one, sequentially in the order they
+ appear in the unit file.</para>
+
+ <para>Optionally, if the absolute file
+ name is prefixed with
+ <literal>@</literal>, the second token
+ will be passed as
+ <literal>argv[0]</literal> to the
+ executed process, followed by the
+ further arguments specified. If the
+ first token is prefixed with
+ <literal>-</literal> an exit code of
+ the command normally considered a
+ failure (i.e. non-zero exit status or
+ abnormal exit due to signal) is ignored
+ and considered success. If both
+ <literal>-</literal> and
+ <literal>@</literal> are used for the
+ same command the former must precede
+ the latter. Unless
+ <varname>Type=forking</varname> is
+ set, the process started via this
+ command line will be considered the
+ main process of the daemon. The
+ command line accepts % specifiers as
+ described in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>On top of that basic environment
+ variable substitution is
+ supported. Use
+ <literal>${FOO}</literal> as part of a
+ word, or as a word of its own on the
+ command line, in which case it will be
+ replaced by the value of the
+ environment variable including all
+ whitespace it contains, resulting in a
+ single argument. Use
+ <literal>$FOO</literal> as a separate
+ word on the command line, in which
+ case it will be replaced by the value
+ of the environment variable split up
+ at whitespace, resulting in no or more
+ arguments. Note that the first
+ argument (i.e. the program to execute)
+ may not be a variable, and must be a
+ literal and absolute path
+ name.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that this setting does not
+ directly support shell command
+ lines. If shell command lines are to
+ be used they need to be passed
+ explicitly to a shell implementation
+ of some kind. Example:
+ <literal>ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'dmesg | tac'</literal></para>
+
+ <para>For services run by a user
+ instance of systemd the special
+ environment variable
+ <literal>MANAGERPID</literal> is set
+ to the PID of the systemd
+ instance.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecStartPre=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ExecStartPost=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Additional commands
+ that are executed before or after
+ the command in
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname>, respectively. Multiple
+ command lines may be concatenated in a
+ single directive, by separating them
+ by semicolons (these semicolons must
+ be passed as separate words). In that
+ case, the commands are executed one
+ after the other,
+ serially. Alternatively, these
+ directives may be specified more than
+ once with the same effect. However,
+ the latter syntax is not recommended
+ for compatibility with parsers
+ suitable for XDG
+ <filename>.desktop</filename> files.
+ Use of these settings is
+ optional. Specifier and environment
+ variable substitution is
+ supported.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecReload=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Commands to execute to
+ trigger a configuration reload in the
+ service. This argument takes multiple
+ command lines, following the same
+ scheme as pointed out for
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>
+ above. Use of this setting is
+ optional. Specifier and environment
+ variable substitution is supported
+ here following the same scheme as for
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname>. One
+ additional special environment
+ variables is set: if known
+ <literal>$MAINPID</literal> is set to
+ the main process of the daemon, and
+ may be used for command lines like the
+ following: <command>/bin/kill -HUP
+ $MAINPID</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecStop=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Commands to execute to
+ stop the service started via
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname>. This
+ argument takes multiple command lines,
+ following the same scheme as pointed
+ out for
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>
+ above. Use of this setting is
+ optional. All processes remaining for
+ a service after the commands
+ configured in this option are run are
+ terminated according to the
+ <varname>KillMode=</varname> setting
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). If
+ this option is not specified the
+ process is terminated right-away when
+ service stop is requested. Specifier
+ and environment variable substitution
+ is supported (including
+ <literal>$MAINPID</literal>, see
+ above).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecStopPost=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Additional commands
+ that are executed after the service
+ was stopped using the commands
+ configured in
+ <varname>ExecStop=</varname>. This
+ argument takes multiple command lines,
+ following the same scheme as pointed
+ out for
+ <varname>ExecStartPre</varname>. Use
+ of these settings is
+ optional. Specifier and environment
+ variable substitution is
+ supported.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RestartSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the time to
+ sleep before restarting a service (as
+ configured with
+ <varname>Restart=</varname>). Takes a
+ unit-less value in seconds, or a time
+ span value such as "5min
+ 20s". Defaults to
+ 100ms.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimeoutStartSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the time to
+ wait for start-up. If a
+ daemon service does not signal
+ start-up completion within the
+ configured time, the service will be
+ considered failed and be shut down
+ again.
+ Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a
+ time span value such as "5min
+ 20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
+ logic. Defaults to 90s, except when
+ <varname>Type=oneshot</varname> is
+ used in which case the timeout
+ is disabled by default.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimeoutStopSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the time to
+ wait for stop. If a service is asked
+ to stop but does not terminate in the
+ specified time, it will be terminated
+ forcibly via SIGTERM, and after
+ another delay of this time with
+ SIGKILL (See
+ <varname>KillMode=</varname>
+ in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
+ Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a
+ time span value such as "5min
+ 20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
+ logic. Defaults to 90s.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>A shorthand for configuring
+ both <varname>TimeoutStartSec=</varname>
+ and <varname>TimeoutStopSec=</varname>
+ to the specified value.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>WatchdogSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the
+ watchdog timeout for a service. This
+ is activated when the start-up is
+ completed. The service must call
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ regularly with "WATCHDOG=1" (i.e. the
+ "keep-alive ping"). If the time
+ between two such calls is larger than
+ the configured time then the service
+ is placed in a failure state. By
+ setting <varname>Restart=</varname> to
+ <option>on-failure</option> or
+ <option>always</option> the service
+ will be automatically restarted. The
+ time configured here will be passed to
+ the executed service process in the
+ <varname>WATCHDOG_USEC=</varname>
+ environment variable. This allows
+ daemons to automatically enable the
+ keep-alive pinging logic if watchdog
+ support is enabled for the service. If
+ this option is used
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> (see
+ below) should be set to open access to
+ the notification socket provided by
+ systemd. If
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> is
+ not set, it will be implicitly set to
+ <option>main</option>. Defaults to 0,
+ which disables this
+ feature.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Restart=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures whether the
+ main service process shall be
+ restarted when it exits. Takes one of
+ <option>no</option>,
+ <option>on-success</option>,
+ <option>on-failure</option>,
+ <option>on-abort</option> or
+ <option>always</option>. If set to
+ <option>no</option> (the default) the
+ service will not be restarted when it
+ exits. If set to
+ <option>on-success</option> it will be
+ restarted only when it exited cleanly,
+ i.e. terminated with an exit code of
+ 0. If set to
+ <option>on-failure</option> it will be
+ restarted only when it exited with an
+ exit code not equaling 0, when
+ terminated by a signal (including on
+ core dump), when an operation (such as
+ service reload) times out or when the
+ configured watchdog timeout is
+ triggered. If set to
+ <option>on-abort</option> it will be
+ restarted only if it exits due to
+ reception of an uncaught signal
+ (including on core dump). If set to
+ <option>always</option> the service
+ will be restarted regardless whether
+ it exited cleanly or not, got
+ terminated abnormally by a signal or
+ hit a timeout.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SuccessExitStatus=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a list of exit
+ status definitions that when returned
+ by the main service process will be
+ considered successful termination, in
+ addition to the normal successful exit
+ code 0 and the signals SIGHUP, SIGINT,
+ SIGTERM and SIGPIPE. Exit status
+ definitions can either be numeric exit
+ codes or termination signal names, and
+ are separated by spaces. Example:
+ "<literal>SuccessExitStatus=1 2 8
+ SIGKILL</literal>", ensures that exit
+ codes 1, 2, 8 and the termination
+ signal SIGKILL are considered clean
+ service
+ terminations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RestartPreventExitStatus=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a list of exit
+ status definitions that when returned
+ by the main service process will
+ prevent automatic service restarts
+ regardless of the restart setting
+ configured with
+ <varname>Restart=</varname>. Exit
+ status definitions can either be
+ numeric exit codes or termination
+ signal names, and are separated by
+ spaces. Defaults to the empty list, so
+ that by default no exit status is
+ excluded from the configured restart
+ logic. Example:
+ "<literal>RestartPreventExitStatus=1 6
+ SIGABRT</literal>", ensures that exit
+ codes 1 and 6 and the termination signal
+ SIGABRT will not result in automatic
+ service restarting.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PermissionsStartOnly=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, the permission
+ related execution options as
+ configured with
+ <varname>User=</varname> and similar
+ options (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information) are only applied
+ to the process started with
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname>, and not
+ to the various other
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecReload=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStop=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStopPost=</varname>
+ commands. If false, the setting is
+ applied to all configured commands the
+ same way. Defaults to
+ false.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RootDirectoryStartOnly=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, the root directory
+ as configured with the
+ <varname>RootDirectory=</varname>
+ option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information) is only applied
+ to the process started with
+ <varname>ExecStart=</varname>, and not
+ to the various other
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecReload=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStop=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStopPost=</varname>
+ commands. If false, the setting is
+ applied to all configured commands the
+ same way. Defaults to
+ false.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>NonBlocking=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Set O_NONBLOCK flag
+ for all file descriptors passed via
+ socket-based activation. If true, all
+ file descriptors >= 3 (i.e. all except
+ STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR) will have
+ the O_NONBLOCK flag set and hence are in
+ non-blocking mode. This option is only
+ useful in conjunction with a socket
+ unit, as described in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Defaults
+ to false.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>NotifyAccess=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls access to the
+ service status notification socket, as
+ accessible via the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ call. Takes one of
+ <option>none</option> (the default),
+ <option>main</option> or
+ <option>all</option>. If
+ <option>none</option> no daemon status
+ updates are accepted from the service
+ processes, all status update messages
+ are ignored. If <option>main</option>
+ only service updates sent from the
+ main process of the service are
+ accepted. If <option>all</option> all
+ services updates from all members of
+ the service's control group are
+ accepted. This option should be set to
+ open access to the notification socket
+ when using
+ <varname>Type=notify</varname> or
+ <varname>WatchdogUsec=</varname> (see
+ above). If those options are used but
+ <varname>NotifyAccess=</varname> not
+ configured it will be implicitly set
+ to
+ <option>main</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Sockets=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the name of
+ the socket units this service shall
+ inherit the sockets from when the
+ service is started. Normally it
+ should not be necessary to use this
+ setting as all sockets whose unit
+ shares the same name as the service
+ (ignoring the different suffix of course)
+ are passed to the spawned
+ process.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the same socket may be
+ passed to multiple processes at the
+ same time. Also note that a different
+ service may be activated on incoming
+ traffic than inherits the sockets. Or
+ in other words: The
+ <varname>Service=</varname> setting of
+ <filename>.socket</filename> units
+ doesn't have to match the inverse of the
+ <varname>Sockets=</varname> setting of
+ the <filename>.service</filename> it
+ refers to.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>StartLimitInterval=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configure service
+ start rate limiting. By default
+ services which are started more often
+ than 5 times within 10s are not
+ permitted to start any more times
+ until the 10s interval ends. With
+ these two options this rate limiting
+ may be modified. Use
+ <varname>StartLimitInterval=</varname>
+ to configure the checking interval
+ (defaults to 10s, set to 0 to disable
+ any kind of rate limiting). Use
+ <varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname> to
+ configure how many starts per interval
+ are allowed (defaults to 5). These
+ configuration options are particularly
+ useful in conjunction with
+ <varname>Restart=</varname>, however
+ apply to all kinds of starts
+ (including manual), not just those
+ triggered by the
+ <varname>Restart=</varname> logic.
+ Note that units which are configured
+ for <varname>Restart=</varname> and
+ which reach the start limit are not
+ attempted to be restarted anymore,
+ however they may still be restarted
+ manually at a later point from which
+ point on the restart logic is again
+ activated. Note that
+ <command>systemctl
+ reset-failed</command> will cause the
+ restart rate counter for a service to
+ be flushed, which is useful if the
+ administrator wants to manually start
+ a service and the start limit
+ interferes with
+ that.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>StartLimitAction=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configure the action
+ to take if the rate limit configured
+ with
+ <varname>StartLimitInterval=</varname>
+ and
+ <varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname> is
+ hit. Takes one of
+ <option>none</option>,
+ <option>reboot</option>,
+ <option>reboot-force</option> or
+ <option>reboot-immediate</option>. If
+ <option>none</option> is set,
+ hitting the rate limit will trigger no
+ action besides that the start will not
+ be
+ permitted. <option>reboot</option>
+ causes a reboot following the normal
+ shutdown procedure (i.e. equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl reboot</command>),
+ <option>reboot-force</option> causes
+ an forced reboot which will terminate
+ all processes forcibly but should
+ cause no dirty file systems on reboot
+ (i.e. equivalent to <command>systemctl
+ reboot -f</command>) and
+ <option>reboot-immediate</option>
+ causes immediate execution of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ system call, which might result in
+ data loss. Defaults to
+ <option>none</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Check
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more settings.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Compatibility Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are also available in the
+ <literal>[Service]</literal> section, but exist purely
+ for compatibility reasons and should not be used in
+ newly written service files.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SysVStartPriority=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Set the SysV start
+ priority to use to order this service
+ in relation to SysV services lacking
+ LSB headers. This option is only
+ necessary to fix ordering in relation
+ to legacy SysV services, that have no
+ ordering information encoded in the
+ script headers. As such it should only
+ be used as temporary compatibility
+ option, and not be used in new unit
+ files. Almost always it is a better
+ choice to add explicit ordering
+ directives via
+ <varname>After=</varname> or
+ <varname>Before=</varname>,
+ instead. For more details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
+ used, pass an integer value in the
+ range 0-99.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>FsckPassNo=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Set the fsck passno
+ priority to use to order this service
+ in relation to other file system
+ checking services. This option is only
+ necessary to fix ordering in relation
+ to fsck jobs automatically created for
+ all <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
+ entries with a value in the fs_passno
+ column > 0. As such it should only be
+ used as option for fsck
+ services. Almost always it is a better
+ choice to add explicit ordering
+ directives via
+ <varname>After=</varname> or
+ <varname>Before=</varname>,
+ instead. For more details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. If
+ used, pass an integer value in the
+ same range as
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>'s
+ fs_passno column. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.snapshot.xml b/man/systemd.snapshot.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b432682a48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.snapshot.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.snapshot">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.snapshot</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.snapshot</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Snapshot unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.snapshot</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>Snapshot units are not configured via unit
+ configuration files. Nonetheless they are named
+ similar to filenames. A unit name whose name ends in
+ <filename>.snapshot</filename> refers to a dynamic
+ snapshot of the systemd runtime state.</para>
+
+ <para>Snapshots are not configured on disk but created
+ dynamically via <command>systemctl snapshot</command>
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) or an equivalent command. When created,
+ they will automatically get dependencies on the
+ currently activated units. They act as saved
+ runtime state of the systemd manager. Later on, the
+ user may choose to return to the saved state via
+ <command>systemctl isolate</command>. They are
+ useful to roll back to a defined state after
+ temporarily starting/stopping services or
+ similar.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.socket.xml b/man/systemd.socket.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b1fcc8b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.socket.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.socket">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.socket</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.socket</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Socket unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.socket</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.socket</filename> encodes information about
+ an IPC or network socket or a file system FIFO
+ controlled and supervised by systemd, for socket-based
+ activation.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The
+ socket specific configuration options are configured
+ in the [Socket] section.</para>
+
+ <para>Additional options are listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ which define the execution environment the
+ <option>ExecStartPre=</option>,
+ <option>ExecStartPost=</option>,
+ <option>ExecStopPre=</option> and
+ <option>ExecStoptPost=</option> commands are executed
+ in, and in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ which define the way the processes are
+ terminated.</para>
+
+ <para>For each socket file a matching service file
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) must exist, describing the service to
+ start on incoming traffic on the socket. Depending on
+ the setting of <option>Accept=</option> (see below),
+ this must either be named like the socket unit, but
+ with the suffix replaced; or it must be a template
+ file named the same way. Example: a socket file
+ <filename>foo.socket</filename> needs a matching
+ service <filename>foo.service</filename> if
+ <option>Accept=false</option> is set. If
+ <option>Accept=true</option> is set a service template
+ file <filename>foo@.service</filename> must exist from
+ which services are instantiated for each incoming
+ connection.</para>
+
+ <para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
+ is set to <option>false</option>, socket units will
+ implicitly have dependencies of type
+ <varname>Requires=</varname> and
+ <varname>After=</varname> on
+ <filename>sysinit.target</filename> as well as
+ dependencies of type <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and
+ <varname>Before=</varname> on
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure
+ that socket units pull in basic system
+ initialization, and are terminated cleanly prior to
+ system shutdown. Only sockets involved with early
+ boot or late system shutdown should disable this
+ option.</para>
+
+ <para>Socket units may be used to implement on-demand
+ starting of services, as well as parallelized starting
+ of services.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the daemon software configured for
+ socket activation with socket units needs to be able
+ to accept sockets from systemd, either via systemd's
+ native socket passing interface (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details) or via the traditional
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>-style
+ socket passing (i.e. sockets passed in via STDIN and
+ STDOUT, using <varname>StandardInput=socket</varname>
+ in the service file).</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Socket files must include a [Socket] section,
+ which carries information about the socket or FIFO it
+ supervises. A number of options that may be used in
+ this section are shared with other unit types. These
+ options are documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ options specific to the [Socket] section of socket
+ units are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ListenStream=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ListenDatagram=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ListenSequentialPacket=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies an address
+ to listen on for a stream
+ (SOCK_STREAM), datagram (SOCK_DGRAM),
+ or sequential packet
+ (SOCK_SEQPACKET) socket, respectively. The address
+ can be written in various formats:</para>
+
+ <para>If the address starts with a
+ slash (/), it is read as file system
+ socket in the AF_UNIX socket
+ family.</para>
+
+ <para>If the address starts with an
+ at symbol (@) it is read as abstract
+ namespace socket in the AF_UNIX
+ family. The @ is replaced with a NUL
+ character before binding. For details
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If the address string is a
+ single number it is read as port
+ number to listen on via
+ IPv6. Depending on the value of
+ <varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname> (see below) this
+ might result in the service being
+ available via both IPv6 and IPv4 (default) or
+ just via IPv6.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If the address string is a
+ string in the format v.w.x.y:z it is
+ read as IPv4 specifier for listening
+ on an address v.w.x.y on a port
+ z.</para>
+
+ <para>If the address string is a
+ string in the format [x]:y it is read
+ as IPv6 address x on a port y. Note
+ that this might make the service
+ available via IPv4, too, depending on
+ the <varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname>
+ setting (see below).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Note that SOCK_SEQPACKET
+ (i.e. <varname>ListenSequentialPacket=</varname>)
+ is only available for AF_UNIX
+ sockets. SOCK_STREAM
+ (i.e. <varname>ListenStream=</varname>)
+ when used for IP sockets refers to TCP
+ sockets, SOCK_DGRAM
+ (i.e. <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>)
+ to UDP.</para>
+
+ <para>These options may be specified
+ more than once in which case incoming
+ traffic on any of the sockets will trigger
+ service activation, and all listed
+ sockets will be passed to the service,
+ regardless whether there is incoming
+ traffic on them or not.</para>
+
+ <para>If an IP address is used here, it
+ is often desirable to listen on it
+ before the interface it is configured
+ on is up and running, and even
+ regardless whether it will be up and
+ running ever at all. To deal with this it is
+ recommended to set the
+ <varname>FreeBind=</varname> option
+ described below.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ListenFIFO=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies a file
+ system FIFO to listen on. This expects
+ an absolute file system path as
+ argument. Behavior otherwise is very
+ similar to the
+ <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>
+ directive above.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ListenSpecial=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies a special
+ file in the file system to listen
+ on. This expects an absolute file
+ system path as argument. Behavior
+ otherwise is very similar to the
+ <varname>ListenFIFO=</varname>
+ directive above. Use this to open
+ character device nodes as well as
+ special files in
+ <filename>/proc</filename> and
+ <filename>/sys</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ListenNetlink=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies a Netlink
+ family to create a socket for to
+ listen on. This expects a short string
+ referring to the AF_NETLINK family
+ name (such as <varname>audit</varname>
+ or <varname>kobject-uevent</varname>)
+ as argument, optionally suffixed by a
+ whitespace followed by a multicast
+ group integer. Behavior otherwise is
+ very similar to the
+ <varname>ListenDatagram=</varname>
+ directive above.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ListenMessageQueue=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies a POSIX
+ message queue name to listen on. This
+ expects a valid message queue name
+ (i.e. beginning with /). Behavior
+ otherwise is very similar to the
+ <varname>ListenFIFO=</varname>
+ directive above. On Linux message
+ queue descriptors are actually file
+ descriptors and can be inherited
+ between processes.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BindIPv6Only=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a one of
+ <option>default</option>,
+ <option>both</option> or
+ <option>ipv6-only</option>. Controls
+ the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipv6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). If
+ <option>both</option>, IPv6 sockets
+ bound will be accessible via both IPv4
+ and IPv6. If
+ <option>ipv6-only</option>, they will
+ be accessible via IPv6 only. If
+ <option>default</option> (which is the
+ default, surprise!) the system wide
+ default setting is used, as controlled
+ by
+ <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv6/bindv6only</filename>,
+ which in turn defaults to the
+ equivalent of
+ <option>both</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Backlog=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an unsigned
+ integer argument. Specifies the number
+ of connections to queue that have not
+ been accepted yet. This setting
+ matters only for stream and sequential
+ packet sockets. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>listen</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. Defaults to SOMAXCONN
+ (128).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BindToDevice=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies a network
+ interface name to bind this socket
+ to. If set traffic will only be
+ accepted from the specified network
+ interfaces. This controls the
+ SO_BINDTODEVICE socket option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). If this option is used,
+ an automatic dependency from this
+ socket unit on the network interface
+ device unit
+ (<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ is created.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DirectoryMode=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>If listening on a file
+ system socket or FIFO, the parent
+ directories are automatically created
+ if needed. This option specifies the
+ file system access mode used when
+ creating these directories. Takes an
+ access mode in octal
+ notation. Defaults to
+ 0755.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SocketMode=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>If listening on a file
+ system socket or FIFO, this option
+ specifies the file system access mode
+ used when creating the file
+ node. Takes an access mode in octal
+ notation. Defaults to
+ 0666.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Accept=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, a service instance
+ is spawned for each incoming
+ connection and only the connection
+ socket is passed to it. If false, all
+ listening sockets themselves are
+ passed to the started service unit,
+ and only one service unit is spawned
+ for all connections (also see
+ above). This value is ignored for
+ datagram sockets and FIFOs where
+ a single service unit unconditionally
+ handles all incoming traffic. Defaults
+ to <option>false</option>. For
+ performance reasons, it is recommended
+ to write new daemons only in a way
+ that is suitable for
+ <option>Accept=false</option>. This
+ option is mostly useful to allow
+ daemons designed for usage with
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ to work unmodified with systemd socket
+ activation.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MaxConnections=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>The maximum number of
+ connections to simultaneously run
+ services instances for, when
+ <option>Accept=true</option> is
+ set. If more concurrent connections
+ are coming in, they will be refused
+ until at least one existing connection
+ is terminated. This setting has no
+ effect for sockets configured with
+ <option>Accept=false</option> or datagram
+ sockets. Defaults to
+ 64.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>KeepAlive=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If true, the TCP/IP stack
+ will send a keep alive message after
+ 2h (depending on the configuration of
+ <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_keepalive_time</filename>)
+ for all TCP streams accepted on this
+ socket. This controls the SO_KEEPALIVE
+ socket option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and the <ulink
+ url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/TCP-Keepalive-HOWTO/">TCP
+ Keepalive HOWTO</ulink> for details.)
+ Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ argument controlling the priority for
+ all traffic sent from this
+ socket. This controls the SO_PRIORITY
+ socket option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ReceiveBuffer=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SendBuffer=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ argument controlling the receive
+ or send buffer sizes of this
+ socket, respectively. This controls the SO_RCVBUF
+ and SO_SNDBUF socket options (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IPTOS=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ argument controlling the IP
+ Type-Of-Service field for packets
+ generated from this socket. This
+ controls the IP_TOS socket option (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.). Either a numeric string
+ or one of <option>low-delay</option>,
+ <option>throughput</option>,
+ <option>reliability</option> or
+ <option>low-cost</option> may be
+ specified.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IPTTL=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ argument controlling the IPv4
+ Time-To-Live/IPv6 Hop-Count field for
+ packets generated from this
+ socket. This sets the
+ IP_TTL/IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket
+ options (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ip</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ipv6</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.)</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Mark=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ value. Controls the firewall mark of
+ packets generated by this socket. This
+ can be used in the firewall logic to
+ filter packets from this socket. This
+ sets the SO_MARK socket option. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>iptables</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SmackLabel=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SmackLabelIPIn=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SmackLabelIPOut=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a string
+ value. Controls the extended
+ attributes
+ <literal>security.SMACK64</literal>,
+ <literal>security.SMACK64IPIN</literal>
+ and
+ <literal>security.SMACK64IPOUT</literal>,
+ respectively, i.e. the security label
+ of the FIFO, or the security label for
+ the incoming or outgoing connections
+ of the socket, respectively. See
+ <ulink
+ url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/security/Smack.txt">Smack.txt</ulink>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PipeSize=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ value. Controls the pipe buffer size
+ of FIFOs configured in this socket
+ unit. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fcntl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>MessageQueueMaxMessages=</varname>,
+ <varname>MessageQueueMessageSize=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>These two settings
+ take integer values and control the
+ mq_maxmsg field or the mq_msgsize field, respectively, when
+ creating the message queue. Note that
+ either none or both of these variables
+ need to be set. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mq_setattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>FreeBind=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. Controls whether the socket can
+ be bound to non-local IP
+ addresses. This is useful to configure
+ sockets listening on specific IP
+ addresses before those IP addresses
+ are successfully configured on a
+ network interface. This sets the
+ IP_FREEBIND socket option. For
+ robustness reasons it is recommended
+ to use this option whenever you bind a
+ socket to a specific IP
+ address. Defaults to <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Transparent=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. Controls the IP_TRANSPARENT
+ socket option. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. This controls the SO_BROADCAST
+ socket option, which allows broadcast
+ datagrams to be sent from this
+ socket. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PassCredentials=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. This controls the SO_PASSCRED
+ socket option, which allows AF_UNIX sockets to
+ receive the credentials of the sending
+ process in an ancillary message.
+ Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PassSecurity=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ value. This controls the SO_PASSSEC
+ socket option, which allows AF_UNIX
+ sockets to receive the security
+ context of the sending process in an
+ ancillary message. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TCPCongestion=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes a string
+ value. Controls the TCP congestion
+ algorithm used by this socket. Should
+ be one of "westwood", "veno", "cubic",
+ "lp" or any other available algorithm
+ supported by the IP stack. This
+ setting applies only to stream
+ sockets.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecStartPre=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ExecStartPost=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes one or more
+ command lines, which are executed
+ before or after the listening
+ sockets/FIFOs are created and
+ bound, respectively. The first token of the command
+ line must be an absolute file name,
+ then followed by arguments for the
+ process. Multiple command lines may be
+ specified following the same scheme as
+ used for
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname> of
+ service unit files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ExecStopPre=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ExecStopPost=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Additional commands
+ that are executed before or after
+ the listening sockets/FIFOs are closed
+ and removed, respectively. Multiple command lines
+ may be specified following the same
+ scheme as used for
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname> of
+ service unit files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the time to
+ wait for the commands specified in
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStartPost=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStopPre=</varname> and
+ <varname>ExecStopPost=</varname> to
+ finish. If a command does not exit
+ within the configured time, the socket
+ will be considered failed and be shut
+ down again. All commands still running,
+ will be terminated forcibly via
+ SIGTERM, and after another delay of
+ this time with SIGKILL. (See
+ <option>KillMode=</option> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
+ Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or
+ a time span value such as "5min
+ 20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
+ logic. Defaults to
+ 90s.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Service=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Specifies the service
+ unit name to activate on incoming
+ traffic. This defaults to the service
+ that bears the same name as the socket
+ (ignoring the different suffixes). In
+ most cases it should not be necessary
+ to use this option.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Check
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more settings.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.special.xml b/man/systemd.special.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ea288e337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.special.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.special">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.special</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.special</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Special systemd units</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>basic.target</filename>,
+ <filename>bluetooth.target</filename>,
+ <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename>,
+ <filename>cryptsetup.target</filename>,
+ <filename>dbus.service</filename>,
+ <filename>dbus.socket</filename>,
+ <filename>default.target</filename>,
+ <filename>display-manager.service</filename>,
+ <filename>emergency.target</filename>,
+ <filename>exit.target</filename>,
+ <filename>final.target</filename>,
+ <filename>getty.target</filename>,
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>,
+ <filename>halt.target</filename>,
+ <filename>hibernate.target</filename>,
+ <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>,
+ <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>,
+ <filename>kexec.target</filename>,
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+ <filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename>,
+ <filename>mail-transfer-agent.target</filename>,
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
+ <filename>network.target</filename>,
+ <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
+ <filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>,
+ <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+ <filename>printer.target</filename>,
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+ <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
+ <filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename>,
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+ <filename>rpcbind.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sleep.target</filename>,
+ <filename>smartcard.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sound.target</filename>,
+ <filename>suspend.target</filename>,
+ <filename>swap.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sysinit.target</filename>,
+ <filename>syslog.socket</filename>,
+ <filename>syslog.target</filename>,
+ <filename>system-update.target</filename>,
+ <filename>time-sync.target</filename>,
+ <filename>umount.target</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A few units are treated specially by
+ systemd. They have special internal semantics and
+ cannot be renamed.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special System Units</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ covering early boot-up.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of the types
+ Requires and After for this
+ target unit to all SysV
+ service units configured for
+ runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
+ <para>Usually this should pull-in
+ all sockets, mount points,
+ swap devices and other basic
+ initialization necessary for
+ the general purpose
+ daemons. Most normal daemons
+ should have dependencies of
+ type After and Requires on
+ this unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>bluetooth.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ bluetooth controller is
+ plugged in or becomes
+ available at boot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd starts this
+ target whenever
+ Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
+ the console. Usually this
+ should be aliased (symlinked)
+ to
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>cryptsetup.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A target that pulls in
+ setup services for all
+ encrypted block
+ devices.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>dbus.service</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special unit for the
+ D-Bus system bus. As soon as
+ this service is fully started
+ up systemd will connect to it
+ and register its
+ service.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>dbus.socket</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special unit for the
+ D-Bus system bus socket. All
+ units with
+ <literal>Type=dbus</literal>
+ automatically gain a
+ dependency on this
+ unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The default unit systemd
+ starts at bootup. Usually this
+ should be aliased (symlinked)
+ to
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ <para>The default unit systemd
+ starts at bootup can be
+ overridden with the
+ <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>
+ kernel command line option.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>display-manager.service</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The display manager
+ service. Usually this should
+ be aliased (symlinked) to
+ <filename>gdm.service</filename>
+ or a similar display manager
+ service.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with a LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$x-display-manager</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>emergency.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that starts an emergency
+ shell on the main
+ console. This unit is supposed
+ to be used with the kernel
+ command line option
+ <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>
+ and has otherwise little use.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>final.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that is used during the
+ shutdown logic and may be used
+ to pull in late services after
+ all normal services are
+ already terminated and all
+ mounts unmounted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>getty.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that pulls in all local TTY
+ <filename>getty</filename> instances.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up a graphical
+ login screen. This pulls in
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units that are needed
+ for graphical login shall add
+ Wants dependencies for their
+ unit to this unit (or
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
+ during installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>hibernate.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for hibernating the
+ system. This pulls in
+ <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for hibernating and suspending the
+ system at the same time. This pulls in
+ <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ halt the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd starts this
+ target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
+ pressed on the console. This
+ is a good candidate to be
+ aliased (symlinked) to
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>kexec.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and rebooting the system via kexec.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ reboot the system with kexec should start
+ this unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After to all mount units that
+ refer to local mount points
+ for this target unit. In
+ addition, systemd adds
+ dependencies of type Wants to
+ this target unit for those
+ mounts listed in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
+ that have the
+ <option>auto</option> and
+ <option>comment=systemd.mount</option>
+ mount options set.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$local_fs</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target unit is
+ automatically ordered before
+ all local mount points marked
+ with <option>auto</option>
+ (see above). It can be used to
+ execute certain units before
+ all local mounts.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>mail-transfer-agent.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The mail transfer agent
+ (MTA) service. Usually this
+ should pull-in all units
+ necessary for
+ sending/receiving mails on the
+ local host.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$mail-transfer-agent</literal>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up a multi-user
+ system (non-graphical). This
+ is pulled in by
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units that are needed
+ for a multi-user system shall
+ add Wants dependencies to
+ this unit for their unit during
+ installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$network</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A target that should be
+ used as synchronization point
+ for all host/network name
+ service lookups. Note that
+ this is independent of
+ user/group name lookups for
+ which
+ <filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>
+ should be used. systemd
+ automatically adds
+ dependencies of type After for
+ this target unit to all SysV
+ init script service units with
+ an LSB header referring to the
+ <literal>$named</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A target that should be
+ used as synchronization point
+ for all user/group name
+ service lookups. Note that
+ this is independent of
+ host/network name lookups for
+ which
+ <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>
+ should be used. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>poweroff.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ power off the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>printer.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ printer is plugged in or
+ becomes available at
+ boot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ reboot the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Similar to
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+ but for remote mount
+ points.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$remote_fs</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target unit is
+ automatically ordered before
+ all remote mount points marked
+ with <option>auto</option>
+ (see above). It can be used to
+ execute certain units before
+ all remote mounts.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up the base system
+ and a rescue shell.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel1.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$portmap</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>These are targets that
+ are called whenever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 2, 3, 4, 5,
+ respectively. It is a good
+ idea to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ (for runlevel 2) or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>
+ (the others).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that terminates the services
+ on system shutdown.</para>
+
+ <para>Services that shall be
+ terminated on system shutdown
+ shall add Conflicts
+ dependencies to this unit for
+ their service unit, which is
+ implicitly done when
+ <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
+ is set (the default).</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ Conflicts to this target unit
+ for all SysV init script
+ service units that shall be
+ terminated in SysV runlevels 0
+ or 6.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target that is
+ started when systemd receives
+ the SIGPWR process signal,
+ which is normally sent by the
+ kernel or UPS daemons when
+ power fails.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sleep.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that is pulled in by
+ <filename>suspend.target</filename>,
+ <filename>hibernate.target</filename> and <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>
+ and may be used to hook units
+ into the sleep state
+ logic.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>smartcard.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ smartcard controller is
+ plugged in or becomes
+ available at boot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that sets up all service
+ sockets.</para>
+
+ <para>Services that can be
+ socket-activated shall add
+ Wants dependencies to this
+ unit for their socket unit
+ during installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sound.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ sound card is plugged in or
+ becomes available at
+ boot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>suspend.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for suspending the
+ system. This pulls in
+ <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Similar to
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
+ partitions and swap
+ files.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sysinit.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ covering early boot-up scripts.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of the types
+ Wants and After for all
+ SysV service units configured
+ for runlevels that are not 0
+ to 6 to this target unit.
+ This covers the special
+ boot-up runlevels some
+ distributions have, such as S
+ or b.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>syslog.socket</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The socket unit
+ syslog implementations should
+ listen on. All userspace log
+ messages will be made
+ available on this socket. For
+ more information about syslog
+ integration, please consult
+ the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/syslog">Syslog
+ Interface</ulink>
+ document.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>syslog.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$syslog</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>system-update.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that is used for off-line
+ system updates.
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system-update-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ will redirect the boot process
+ to this target if
+ <filename>/system-update</filename>
+ exists. For more information
+ see the <ulink
+ url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates">System
+ Updates
+ Specification</ulink>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>time-sync.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$time</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>umount.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that umounts all mount and
+ automount points on system
+ shutdown.</para>
+
+ <para>Mounts that shall be
+ unmounted on system shutdown
+ shall add Conflicts
+ dependencies to this unit for
+ their mount unit, which is
+ implicitly done when
+ <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
+ is set (the default).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special User Units</title>
+
+ <para>When systemd runs as a user instance, the
+ following special units are available, which have
+ similar definitions as their system counterparts:
+ <filename>default.target</filename>,
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename></para>
+
+ <para>In addition the following special unit is
+ understood only when systemd runs as service instance:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>exit.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special service unit
+ for shutting down the
+ user service manager.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ terminate the user service
+ manager should start this
+ unit. If systemd receives
+ SIGTERM or SIGINT when running
+ as user service daemon it will
+ start this unit.</para>
+
+ <para>Normally, this pulls in
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>
+ which in turn should be
+ conflicted by all units that
+ want to be shut down on
+ user service manager exit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.swap.xml b/man/systemd.swap.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a932143d43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.swap.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.swap">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.swap</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.swap</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Swap unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.swap</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.swap</filename> encodes information about a
+ swap device or file for memory paging controlled and
+ supervised by systemd.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The swap
+ specific configuration options are configured in the
+ [Swap] section.</para>
+
+ <para>Additional options are listed in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ which define the execution environment the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ binary is executed in, and in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ which define the way the processes are
+ terminated.</para>
+
+ <para>Swap units must be named after the devices
+ or files they control. Example: the swap device
+ <filename>/dev/sda5</filename> must be configured in a
+ unit file <filename>dev-sda5.swap</filename>. For
+ details about the escaping logic used to convert a
+ file system path to a unit name see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>All swap units automatically get the appropriate
+ dependencies on the devices or on the mount points
+ of the files they are activated from.</para>
+
+ <para>Swap units with
+ <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname> enabled
+ implicitly acquire a conflicting dependency to
+ <filename>umount.target</filename> so that they are
+ deactivated at shutdown.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title><filename>fstab</filename></title>
+
+ <para>Swap units may either be configured via unit
+ files, or via <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). Swaps listed in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> will be converted into
+ native units dynamically at boot and when the
+ configuration of the system manager is
+ reloaded. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about the conversion.</para>
+
+ <para>If a swap device or file is configured in both
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and a unit file the
+ configuration in the latter takes precedence.</para>
+
+ <para>Unless the <option>noauto</option> option is set
+ for them all swap units configured in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> are also added as
+ requirements to <filename>swap.target</filename>, so
+ that they are waited for and activated during
+ boot.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Swap files must include a [Swap] section, which
+ carries information about the swap device it
+ supervises. A number of options that may be used in
+ this section are shared with other unit types. These
+ options are documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ options specific to the [Swap] section of swap units
+ are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>What=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Takes an absolute path
+ of a device node or file to use for
+ paging. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details. If this refers to a
+ device node, a dependency on the
+ respective device unit is
+ automatically created. (See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.) If this refers
+ to a file, a dependency on the
+ respective mount unit is automatically
+ created. (See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.) This option is
+ mandatory.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Swap priority to use
+ when activating the swap device or
+ file. This takes an integer. This
+ setting is optional.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Configures the time to
+ wait for the swapon command to
+ finish. If a command does not exit
+ within the configured time the swap
+ will be considered failed and be shut
+ down again. All commands still running
+ will be terminated forcibly via
+ SIGTERM, and after another delay of
+ this time with SIGKILL. (See
+ <option>KillMode=</option> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
+ Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or
+ a time span value such as "5min
+ 20s". Pass 0 to disable the timeout
+ logic. Defaults to
+ 90s.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Check
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more settings.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.target.xml b/man/systemd.target.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1f4d22674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.target.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.target">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.target</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.target</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Target unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.target</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.target</filename> encodes information about
+ a target unit of systemd, which is used for grouping
+ units and as well-known synchronization points during
+ start-up.</para>
+
+ <para>This unit type has no specific options. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. A
+ separate [Target] section does not exist, since no
+ target-specific options may be configured.</para>
+
+ <para>Target units do not offer any additional
+ functionality on top of the generic functionality
+ provided by units. They exist merely to group units via dependencies
+ (useful as boot targets), and to establish
+ standardized names for synchronization points used in
+ dependencies between units. Among other things, target
+ units are a more flexible replacement for SysV
+ runlevels in the classic SysV init system. (And for
+ compatibility reasons special
+ target units such as
+ <filename>runlevel3.target</filename> exist which are used by
+ the SysV runlevel compatibility code in systemd. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details).</para>
+
+ <para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
+ is set to <option>false</option>, target units will
+ implicitly complement all configured dependencies of
+ type <varname>Wants=</varname>,
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname> with
+ dependencies of type <varname>After=</varname> if the
+ units in question also have
+ <varname>DefaultDependencies=true</varname>.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.timer.xml b/man/systemd.timer.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6fc26a5536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.timer.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.timer">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.timer</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.timer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Timer unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.timer</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
+ <filename>.timer</filename> encodes information about
+ a timer controlled and supervised by systemd, for
+ timer-based activation.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the configuration options
+ specific to this unit type. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for the common options of all unit configuration
+ files. The common configuration items are configured
+ in the generic [Unit] and [Install] sections. The
+ timer specific configuration options are configured in
+ the [Timer] section.</para>
+
+ <para>For each timer file, a matching unit file must
+ exist, describing the unit to activate when the timer
+ elapses. By default, a service by the same name as the
+ timer (except for the suffix) is activated. Example: a
+ timer file <filename>foo.timer</filename> activates a
+ matching service <filename>foo.service</filename>. The
+ unit to activate may be controlled by
+ <varname>Unit=</varname> (see below).</para>
+
+ <para>Unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname>
+ is set to <option>false</option>, timer units will
+ implicitly have dependencies of type
+ <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and
+ <varname>Before=</varname> on
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>. These ensure
+ that timer units are stopped cleanly prior to system
+ shutdown. Only timer units involved with early boot or
+ late system shutdown should disable this
+ option.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Timer files must include a [Timer] section,
+ which carries information about the timer it
+ defines. The options specific to the [Timer] section
+ of timer units are the following:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>OnActiveSec=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>OnBootSec=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>OnStartupSec=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Defines timers
+ relative to different starting points:
+ <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname> defines a
+ timer relative to the moment the timer
+ itself is
+ activated. <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>
+ defines a timer relative to when the
+ machine was booted
+ up. <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>
+ defines a timer relative to when
+ systemd was
+ started. <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname>
+ defines a timer relative to when the
+ unit the timer is activating was last
+ activated. <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname>
+ defines a timer relative to when the
+ unit the timer is activating was last
+ deactivated.</para>
+
+ <para>Multiple directives may be
+ combined of the same and of different
+ types. For example, by combining
+ <varname>OnBootSec=</varname> and
+ <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> it is
+ possible to define a timer that
+ elapses in regular intervals and
+ activates a specific service each
+ time.</para>
+
+ <para>The arguments to the directives
+ are time spans configured in
+ seconds. Example: "OnBootSec=50" means
+ 50s after boot-up. The argument may
+ also include time units. Example:
+ "OnBootSec=5h 30min" means 5 hours and 30
+ minutes after boot-up. For details
+ about the syntax of time spans see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>If a timer configured with
+ <varname>OnBootSec=</varname> or
+ <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname> is
+ already in the past when the timer
+ unit is activated, it will immediately
+ elapse and the configured unit is
+ started. This is not the case for
+ timers defined in the other
+ directives.</para></listitem>
+
+ <para>These are monotonic timers,
+ independent of wall-clock time and timezones. If the
+ computer is temporarily suspended, the
+ monotonic clock stops too.</para>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Unit=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The unit to activate
+ when this timer elapses. The argument is a
+ unit name, whose suffix is not
+ <filename>.timer</filename>. If not
+ specified, this value defaults to a
+ service that has the same name as the
+ timer unit, except for the
+ suffix. (See above.) It is recommended
+ that the unit name that is activated
+ and the unit name of the timer unit
+ are named identically, except for the
+ suffix.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.unit.xml b/man/systemd.unit.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c20efe5527
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.unit.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.unit">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.unit</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.unit</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Unit configuration</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>systemd.service</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.socket</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.device</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.mount</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.automount</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.swap</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.target</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.path</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.timer</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd.snapshot</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A unit configuration file encodes information
+ about a service, a socket, a device, a mount point, an
+ automount point, a swap file or partition, a start-up
+ target, a file system path or a timer controlled and
+ supervised by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ syntax is inspired by <ulink
+ url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/">XDG
+ Desktop Entry Specification</ulink> <filename>.desktop</filename> files, which are in turn
+ inspired by Microsoft Windows
+ <filename>.ini</filename> files.</para>
+
+ <para>This man page lists the common configuration
+ options of all the unit types. These options need to
+ be configured in the [Unit] or [Install]
+ sections of the unit files.</para>
+
+ <para>In addition to the generic [Unit] and [Install]
+ sections described here, each unit should have a
+ type-specific section, e.g. [Service] for a service
+ unit. See the respective man pages for more
+ information.</para>
+
+ <para>Unit files may contain additional options on top
+ of those listed here. If systemd encounters an unknown
+ option it will write a warning log message but
+ continue loading the unit. If an option is prefixed
+ with <option>X-</option> it is ignored completely by
+ systemd. Applications may use this to include
+ additional information in the unit files.</para>
+
+ <para>Boolean arguments used in unit files can be
+ written in various formats. For positive settings the
+ strings <option>1</option>, <option>yes</option>,
+ <option>true</option> and <option>on</option> are
+ equivalent. For negative settings the strings
+ <option>0</option>, <option>no</option>,
+ <option>false</option> and <option>off</option> are
+ equivalent.</para>
+
+ <para>Time span values encoded in unit files can be
+ written in various formats. A stand-alone number
+ specifies a time in seconds. If suffixed with a time
+ unit, the unit is honored. A concatenation of
+ multiple values with units is supported, in which case
+ the values are added up. Example: "50" refers to 50
+ seconds; "2min 200ms" refers to 2 minutes plus 200
+ milliseconds, i.e. 120200ms. The following time units
+ are understood: s, min, h, d, w, ms, us.</para>
+
+ <para>Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are
+ ignored. This may be used for commenting. Lines ending
+ in a backslash are concatenated with the following
+ line while reading and the backslash is replaced by a
+ space character. This may be used to wrap long lines.</para>
+
+ <para>If a line starts with <option>.include</option>
+ followed by a file name, the specified file will be
+ parsed at this point. Make sure that the file that is
+ included has the appropriate section headers before
+ any directives.</para>
+
+ <para>Along with a unit file
+ <filename>foo.service</filename> a directory
+ <filename>foo.service.wants/</filename> may exist. All
+ units symlinked from such a directory are implicitly
+ added as dependencies of type
+ <varname>Wanted=</varname> to the unit. This is useful
+ to hook units into the start-up of other units,
+ without having to modify their unit configuration
+ files. For details about the semantics of
+ <varname>Wanted=</varname> see below. The preferred
+ way to create symlinks in the
+ <filename>.wants/</filename> directory of a service is
+ with the <command>enable</command> command of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool which reads information from the [Install]
+ section of unit files. (See below.) A similar
+ functionality exists for <varname>Requires=</varname>
+ type dependencies as well, the directory suffix is
+ <filename>.requires/</filename> in this case.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that while systemd offers a flexible
+ dependency system between units it is recommended to
+ use this functionality only sparsely and instead rely
+ on techniques such as bus-based or socket-based
+ activation which makes dependencies implicit, which
+ both results in a simpler and more flexible
+ system.</para>
+
+ <para>Some unit names reflect paths existing in the
+ file system name space. Example: a device unit
+ <filename>dev-sda.device</filename> refers to a device
+ with the device node <filename>/dev/sda</filename> in
+ the file system namespace. If this applies a special
+ way to escape the path name is used, so that the
+ result is usable as part of a file name. Basically,
+ given a path, "/" is replaced by "-", and all
+ unprintable characters and the "-" are replaced by
+ C-style "\x20" escapes. The root directory "/" is
+ encoded as single dash, while otherwise the initial
+ and ending "/" is removed from all paths during
+ transformation. This escaping is reversible.</para>
+
+ <para>Optionally, units may be instantiated from a
+ template file at runtime. This allows creation of
+ multiple units from a single configuration file. If
+ systemd looks for a unit configuration file it will
+ first search for the literal unit name in the
+ filesystem. If that yields no success and the unit
+ name contains an @ character, systemd will look for a
+ unit template that shares the same name but with the
+ instance string (i.e. the part between the @ character
+ and the suffix) removed. Example: if a service
+ <filename>getty@tty3.service</filename> is requested
+ and no file by that name is found, systemd will look
+ for <filename>getty@.service</filename> and
+ instantiate a service from that configuration file if
+ it is found.</para>
+
+ <para>To refer to the instance string from
+ within the configuration file you may use the special
+ <literal>%i</literal> specifier in many of the
+ configuration options. Other specifiers exist, the
+ full list is:</para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Specifiers available in unit files</title>
+ <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
+ <colspec colname="spec" />
+ <colspec colname="mean" />
+ <colspec colname="detail" />
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Specifier</entry>
+ <entry>Meaning</entry>
+ <entry>Details</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%n</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Full unit name</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%N</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unescaped full unit name</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%p</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Prefix name</entry>
+ <entry>This refers to the string before the @, i.e. "getty" in the example above, where "tty3" is the instance name.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%P</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unescaped prefix name</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%i</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Instance name</entry>
+ <entry>This is the string between the @ character and the suffix.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%I</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unescaped instance name</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%f</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unescaped file name</entry>
+ <entry>This is either the unescaped instance name (if set) with / prepended (if necessary), or the prefix name similarly prepended with /.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%c</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Control group path of the unit</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%r</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Root control group path of systemd</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%R</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Parent directory of the root control group path of systemd</entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%t</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Runtime socket dir</entry>
+ <entry>This is either /run (for the system manager) or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR (for user managers).</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%u</literal></entry>
+ <entry>User name</entry>
+ <entry>This is the name of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%h</literal></entry>
+ <entry>User home directory</entry>
+ <entry>This is the home directory of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%s</literal></entry>
+ <entry>User shell</entry>
+ <entry>This is the shell of the configured user of the unit, or (if none is set) the user running the systemd instance.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Machine ID</entry>
+ <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Boot ID</entry>
+ <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Host name</entry>
+ <entry>The host name of the running system.</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <para>If a unit file is empty (i.e. has the file size
+ 0) or is symlinked to <filename>/dev/null</filename>
+ its configuration will not be loaded and it appears
+ with a load state of <literal>masked</literal>, and
+ cannot be activated. Use this as an effective way to
+ fully disable a unit, making it impossible to start it
+ even manually.</para>
+
+ <para>The unit file format is covered by the
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface
+ Stability Promise</ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>Unit file may include a [Unit] section, which
+ carries generic information about the unit that is not
+ dependent on the type of unit:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>A free-form string
+ describing the unit. This is intended
+ for use in UIs to show descriptive
+ information along with the unit
+ name.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Documentation=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>A space separated list
+ of URIs referencing documentation for
+ this unit or its
+ configuration. Accepted are only URIs
+ of the types
+ <literal>http://</literal>,
+ <literal>https://</literal>,
+ <literal>file:</literal>,
+ <literal>info:</literal>,
+ <literal>man:</literal>. For more
+ information about the syntax of these
+ URIs see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>uri</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The
+ URIs should be listed in order of
+ relevance, starting with the most
+ relevant. It is a good idea to first
+ reference documentation that explains
+ what the unit's purpose is, followed
+ by how it is configured, followed by
+ any other related
+ documentation.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Requires=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures requirement
+ dependencies on other units. If this
+ unit gets activated, the units listed
+ here will be activated as well. If one
+ of the other units gets deactivated or
+ its activation fails, this unit will
+ be deactivated. This option may be
+ specified more than once, in which
+ case requirement dependencies for all
+ listed names are created. Note that
+ requirement dependencies do not
+ influence the order in which services
+ are started or stopped. This has to be
+ configured independently with the
+ <varname>After=</varname> or
+ <varname>Before=</varname> options. If
+ a unit
+ <filename>foo.service</filename>
+ requires a unit
+ <filename>bar.service</filename> as
+ configured with
+ <varname>Requires=</varname> and no
+ ordering is configured with
+ <varname>After=</varname> or
+ <varname>Before=</varname>, then both
+ units will be started simultaneously
+ and without any delay between them if
+ <filename>foo.service</filename> is
+ activated. Often it is a better choice
+ to use <varname>Wants=</varname>
+ instead of
+ <varname>Requires=</varname> in order
+ to achieve a system that is more
+ robust when dealing with failing
+ services.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that dependencies of this
+ type may also be configured outside of
+ the unit configuration file by
+ adding a symlink to a
+ <filename>.requires/</filename> directory
+ accompanying the unit file. For
+ details see above.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Similar to
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>.
+ Dependencies listed in
+ <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>
+ which cannot be fulfilled or fail to
+ start are ignored if the startup was
+ explicitly requested by the user. If
+ the start-up was pulled in indirectly
+ by some dependency or automatic
+ start-up of units that is not
+ requested by the user this dependency
+ must be fulfilled and otherwise the
+ transaction fails. Hence, this option
+ may be used to configure dependencies
+ that are normally honored unless the
+ user explicitly starts up the unit, in
+ which case whether they failed or not
+ is irrelevant.</para></listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Requisite=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Similar to
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>
+ and <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>, respectively. However,
+ if a unit listed here is not started
+ already it will not be started and the
+ transaction fails
+ immediately.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Wants=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A weaker version of
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>. A unit
+ listed in this option will be started
+ if the configuring unit is. However,
+ if the listed unit fails to start up
+ or cannot be added to the transaction
+ this has no impact on the validity of
+ the transaction as a whole. This is
+ the recommended way to hook start-up
+ of one unit to the start-up of another
+ unit.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that dependencies of this
+ type may also be configured outside of
+ the unit configuration file by
+ adding a symlink to a
+ <filename>.wants/</filename> directory
+ accompanying the unit file. For
+ details see above.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BindsTo=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures requirement
+ dependencies, very similar in style to
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>, however
+ in addition to this behavior it also
+ declares that this unit is stopped
+ when any of the units listed suddenly
+ disappears. Units can suddenly,
+ unexpectedly disappear if a service
+ terminates on its own choice, a device
+ is unplugged or a mount point
+ unmounted without involvement of
+ systemd.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PartOf=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures dependencies
+ similar to <varname>Requires=</varname>,
+ but limited to stopping and restarting
+ of units. When systemd stops or restarts
+ the units listed here, the action is
+ propagated to this unit.
+ Note that this is a one way dependency -
+ changes to this unit do not affect the
+ listed units.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Conflicts=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures negative
+ requirement dependencies. If a unit
+ has a
+ <varname>Conflicts=</varname> setting
+ on another unit, starting the former
+ will stop the latter and vice
+ versa. Note that this setting is
+ independent of and orthogonal to the
+ <varname>After=</varname> and
+ <varname>Before=</varname> ordering
+ dependencies.</para>
+
+ <para>If a unit A that conflicts with
+ a unit B is scheduled to be started at
+ the same time as B, the transaction
+ will either fail (in case both are
+ required part of the transaction) or
+ be modified to be fixed (in case one
+ or both jobs are not a required part
+ of the transaction). In the latter
+ case the job that is not the required
+ will be removed, or in case both are
+ not required the unit that conflicts
+ will be started and the unit that is
+ conflicted is
+ stopped.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Before=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>After=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures ordering
+ dependencies between units. If a unit
+ <filename>foo.service</filename>
+ contains a setting
+ <option>Before=bar.service</option>
+ and both units are being started,
+ <filename>bar.service</filename>'s
+ start-up is delayed until
+ <filename>foo.service</filename> is
+ started up. Note that this setting is
+ independent of and orthogonal to the
+ requirement dependencies as configured
+ by <varname>Requires=</varname>. It is
+ a common pattern to include a unit
+ name in both the
+ <varname>After=</varname> and
+ <varname>Requires=</varname> option in
+ which case the unit listed will be
+ started before the unit that is
+ configured with these options. This
+ option may be specified more than
+ once, in which case ordering
+ dependencies for all listed names are
+ created. <varname>After=</varname> is
+ the inverse of
+ <varname>Before=</varname>, i.e. while
+ <varname>After=</varname> ensures that
+ the configured unit is started after
+ the listed unit finished starting up,
+ <varname>Before=</varname> ensures the
+ opposite, i.e. that the configured
+ unit is fully started up before the
+ listed unit is started. Note that when
+ two units with an ordering dependency
+ between them are shut down, the
+ inverse of the start-up order is
+ applied. i.e. if a unit is configured
+ with <varname>After=</varname> on
+ another unit, the former is stopped
+ before the latter if both are shut
+ down. If one unit with an ordering
+ dependency on another unit is shut
+ down while the latter is started up,
+ the shut down is ordered before the
+ start-up regardless whether the
+ ordering dependency is actually of
+ type <varname>After=</varname> or
+ <varname>Before=</varname>. If two
+ units have no ordering dependencies
+ between them they are shut down
+ or started up simultaneously, and
+ no ordering takes
+ place. </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>OnFailure=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Lists one or more
+ units that are activated when this
+ unit enters the
+ '<literal>failed</literal>'
+ state.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PropagatesReloadTo=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ReloadPropagatedFrom=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Lists one or more
+ units where reload requests on the
+ unit will be propagated to/on the
+ other unit will be propagated
+ from. Issuing a reload request on a
+ unit will automatically also enqueue a
+ reload request on all units that the
+ reload request shall be propagated to
+ via these two
+ settings.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a space
+ separated list of absolute paths. Automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ <varname>Requires=</varname> and
+ <varname>After=</varname> for all
+ mount units required to access the
+ specified path.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>OnFailureIsolate=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option> the
+ unit listed in
+ <varname>OnFailure=</varname> will be
+ enqueued in isolation mode, i.e. all
+ units that are not its dependency will
+ be stopped. If this is set only a
+ single unit may be listed in
+ <varname>OnFailure=</varname>. Defaults
+ to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IgnoreOnIsolate=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ this unit will not be stopped when
+ isolating another unit. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>IgnoreOnSnapshot=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ this unit will not be included in
+ snapshots. Defaults to
+ <option>true</option> for device and
+ snapshot units, <option>false</option>
+ for the others.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>StopWhenUnneeded=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ this unit will be stopped when it is
+ no longer used. Note that in order to
+ minimize the work to be executed,
+ systemd will not stop units by default
+ unless they are conflicting with other
+ units, or the user explicitly
+ requested their shut down. If this
+ option is set, a unit will be
+ automatically cleaned up if no other
+ active unit requires it. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>RefuseManualStart=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RefuseManualStop=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ this unit can only be activated
+ or deactivated indirectly. In
+ this case explicit start-up
+ or termination requested by the
+ user is denied, however if it is
+ started or stopped as a
+ dependency of another unit, start-up
+ or termination will succeed. This
+ is mostly a safety feature to ensure
+ that the user does not accidentally
+ activate units that are not intended
+ to be activated explicitly, and not
+ accidentally deactivate units that are
+ not intended to be deactivated.
+ These options default to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>AllowIsolate=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ this unit may be used with the
+ <command>systemctl isolate</command>
+ command. Otherwise this will be
+ refused. It probably is a good idea to
+ leave this disabled except for target
+ units that shall be used similar to
+ runlevels in SysV init systems, just
+ as a precaution to avoid unusable
+ system states. This option defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>DefaultDependencies=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ (the default), a few default
+ dependencies will implicitly be
+ created for the unit. The actual
+ dependencies created depend on the
+ unit type. For example, for service
+ units, these dependencies ensure that
+ the service is started only after
+ basic system initialization is
+ completed and is properly terminated on
+ system shutdown. See the respective
+ man pages for details. Generally, only
+ services involved with early boot or
+ late shutdown should set this option
+ to <option>false</option>. It is
+ highly recommended to leave this
+ option enabled for the majority of
+ common units. If set to
+ <option>false</option> this option
+ does not disable all implicit
+ dependencies, just non-essential
+ ones.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>JobTimeoutSec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When clients are
+ waiting for a job of this unit to
+ complete, time out after the specified
+ time. If this time limit is reached
+ the job will be cancelled, the unit
+ however will not change state or even
+ enter the '<literal>failed</literal>'
+ mode. This value defaults to 0 (job
+ timeouts disabled), except for device
+ units. NB: this timeout is independent
+ from any unit-specific timeout (for
+ example, the timeout set with
+ <varname>Timeout=</varname> in service
+ units) as the job timeout has no
+ effect on the unit itself, only on the
+ job that might be pending for it. Or
+ in other words: unit-specific timeouts
+ are useful to abort unit state
+ changes, and revert them. The job
+ timeout set with this option however
+ is useful to abort only the job
+ waiting for the unit state to
+ change.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionCapability=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionHost=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ConditionNull=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Before starting a unit
+ verify that the specified condition is
+ true. If it is not true the starting
+ of the unit will be skipped, however
+ all ordering dependencies of it are
+ still respected. A failing condition
+ will not result in the unit being
+ moved into a failure state. The
+ condition is checked at the time the
+ queued start job is to be
+ executed.</para>
+
+ <para>With
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ a file existence condition is
+ checked before a unit is started. If
+ the specified absolute path name does
+ not exist the condition will
+ fail. If the absolute path name passed
+ to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ is prefixed with an exclamation mark
+ ('!'), the test is negated, and the unit
+ is only started if the path does not
+ exist.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionPathExistsGlob=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>,
+ but checks for the existence of at
+ least one file or directory matching
+ the specified globbing pattern.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionPathIsDirectory=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether a certain path
+ exists and is a
+ directory.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether a certain path
+ exists and is a symbolic
+ link.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionPathIsMountPoint=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether a certain path
+ exists and is a mount
+ point.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionPathIsReadWrite=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether the underlying
+ file system is readable and writable
+ (i.e. not mounted
+ read-only).</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionDirectoryNotEmpty=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether a certain path
+ exists and is a non-empty
+ directory.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionFileNotEmpty=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether a certain path
+ exists and refers to a regular file
+ with a non-zero size.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionFileIsExecutable=</varname>
+ is similar to
+ <varname>ConditionPathExists=</varname>
+ but verifies whether a certain path
+ exists, is a regular file and marked
+ executable.</para>
+
+ <para>Similar,
+ <varname>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</varname>
+ may be used to check whether a
+ specific kernel command line option is
+ set (or if prefixed with the
+ exclamation mark unset). The argument
+ must either be a single word, or an
+ assignment (i.e. two words, separated
+ '='). In the former
+ case the kernel command line is
+ searched for the word appearing as is,
+ or as left hand side of an
+ assignment. In the latter case the
+ exact assignment is looked for with
+ right and left hand side
+ matching.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionVirtualization=</varname>
+ may be used to check whether the
+ system is executed in a virtualized
+ environment and optionally test
+ whether it is a specific
+ implementation. Takes either boolean
+ value to check if being executed in
+ any virtualized environment, or one of
+ <varname>vm</varname> and
+ <varname>container</varname> to test
+ against a generic type of
+ virtualization solution, or one of
+ <varname>qemu</varname>,
+ <varname>kvm</varname>,
+ <varname>vmware</varname>,
+ <varname>microsoft</varname>,
+ <varname>oracle</varname>,
+ <varname>xen</varname>,
+ <varname>bochs</varname>,
+ <varname>chroot</varname>,
+ <varname>openvz</varname>,
+ <varname>lxc</varname>,
+ <varname>lxc-libvirt</varname>,
+ <varname>systemd-nspawn</varname> to
+ test against a specific
+ implementation. If multiple
+ virtualization technologies are nested
+ only the innermost is considered. The
+ test may be negated by prepending an
+ exclamation mark.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionSecurity=</varname>
+ may be used to check whether the given
+ security module is enabled on the
+ system. Currently the only recognized
+ value is <varname>selinux</varname>.
+ The test may be negated by prepending
+ an exclamation
+ mark.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionCapability=</varname>
+ may be used to check whether the given
+ capability exists in the capability
+ bounding set of the service manager
+ (i.e. this does not check whether
+ capability is actually available in
+ the permitted or effective sets, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). Pass a capability name
+ such as <literal>CAP_MKNOD</literal>,
+ possibly prefixed with an exclamation
+ mark to negate the check.</para>
+
+ <para><varname>ConditionHost=</varname>
+ may be used to match against the
+ host name or machine ID of the
+ host. This either takes a host name
+ string (optionally with shell style
+ globs) which is tested against the
+ locally set host name as returned by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gethostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ or a machine ID formatted as string
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
+ The test may be negated by prepending
+ an exclamation mark.</para>
+
+ <para>Finally,
+ <varname>ConditionNull=</varname> may
+ be used to add a constant condition
+ check value to the unit. It takes a
+ boolean argument. If set to
+ <varname>false</varname> the condition
+ will always fail, otherwise
+ succeed.</para>
+
+ <para>If multiple conditions are
+ specified the unit will be executed if
+ all of them apply (i.e. a logical AND
+ is applied). Condition checks can be
+ prefixed with a pipe symbol (|) in
+ which case a condition becomes a
+ triggering condition. If at least one
+ triggering condition is defined for a
+ unit then the unit will be executed if
+ at least one of the triggering
+ conditions apply and all of the
+ non-triggering conditions. If you
+ prefix an argument with the pipe
+ symbol and an exclamation mark the
+ pipe symbol must be passed first, the
+ exclamation second. Except for
+ <varname>ConditionPathIsSymbolicLink=</varname>,
+ all path checks follow
+ symlinks.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>SourcePath=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>A path to a
+ configuration file this unit has been
+ generated from. This is primarily
+ useful for implementation of generator
+ tools that convert configuration from
+ an external configuration file format
+ into native unit files. Thus
+ functionality should not be used in
+ normal units.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Unit file may include a [Install] section, which
+ carries installation information for the unit. This
+ section is not interpreted by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ during runtime. It is used exclusively by the
+ <command>enable</command> and
+ <command>disable</command> commands of the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool during installation of a unit:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Alias=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Additional names this
+ unit shall be installed under. The
+ names listed here must have the same
+ suffix (i.e. type) as the unit file
+ name. This option may be specified
+ more than once, in which case all
+ listed names are used. At installation
+ time,
+ <command>systemctl enable</command>
+ will create symlinks from these names
+ to the unit file name.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>WantedBy=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>RequiredBy=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Installs a symlink in
+ the <filename>.wants/</filename>
+ or <filename>.requires/</filename>
+ subdirectory for a unit, respectively. This has the
+ effect that when the listed unit name
+ is activated the unit listing it is
+ activated
+ too. <command>WantedBy=foo.service</command>
+ in a service
+ <filename>bar.service</filename> is
+ mostly equivalent to
+ <command>Alias=foo.service.wants/bar.service</command>
+ in the same file.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Also=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Additional units to
+ install when this unit is
+ installed. If the user requests
+ installation of a unit with this
+ option configured,
+ <command>systemctl enable</command>
+ will automatically install units
+ listed in this option as
+ well.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.xml b/man/systemd.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7b3d265b8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1272 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd</refname>
+ <refname>init</refname>
+ <refpurpose>systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>init <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>systemd is a system and service manager for
+ Linux operating systems. When run as first process on
+ boot (as PID 1), it acts as init system that brings
+ up and maintains userspace services.</para>
+
+ <para>For compatibility with SysV, if systemd is called
+ as <command>init</command> and a PID that is not
+ 1, it will execute <command>telinit</command> and pass
+ all command line arguments unmodified. That means
+ <command>init</command> and <command>telinit</command>
+ are mostly equivalent when invoked from normal login sessions. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>telinit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.</para>
+
+ <para>When run as system instance, systemd interprets
+ the configuration file
+ <filename>system.conf</filename>, otherwise
+ <filename>user.conf</filename>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a systemd version
+ identifier and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--test</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Determine startup
+ sequence, dump it and exit. This is an
+ option useful for debugging
+ only.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--dump-configuration-items</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Dump understood unit
+ configuration items. This outputs a
+ terse but complete list of
+ configuration items understood in unit
+ definition files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--introspect=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Extract D-Bus
+ interface introspection data. This is
+ mostly useful at install time
+ to generate data suitable for the
+ D-Bus interfaces
+ repository. Optionally the interface
+ name for the introspection data may be
+ specified. If omitted, the
+ introspection data for all interfaces
+ is dumped.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--unit=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set default unit to
+ activate on startup. If not specified
+ defaults to
+ <filename>default.target</filename>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--system</option></term>
+ <term><option>--user</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>For <option>--system</option>,
+ tell systemd to run a
+ system instance, even if the process ID is
+ not 1, i.e. systemd is not run as init process.
+ <option>--user</option> does the opposite,
+ running a user instance even if the process
+ ID is 1.
+ Normally it should not be necessary to
+ pass these options, as systemd
+ automatically detects the mode it is
+ started in. These options are hence of
+ little use except for debugging. Note
+ that it is not supported booting and
+ maintaining a full system with systemd
+ running in <option>--system</option>
+ mode, but PID not 1. In practice,
+ passing <option>--system</option> explicitly is
+ only useful in conjunction with
+ <option>--test</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--dump-core</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Dump core on
+ crash. This switch has no effect when
+ run as user
+ instance.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--crash-shell</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Run shell on
+ crash. This switch has no effect when
+ run as user
+ instance.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--confirm-spawn</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Ask for confirmation
+ when spawning processes. This switch
+ has no effect when run as user
+ instance.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--show-status=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show terse service
+ status information while booting. This
+ switch has no effect when run as user
+ instance. Takes a boolean argument
+ which may be omitted which is
+ interpreted as
+ <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--log-target=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set log
+ target. Argument must be one of
+ <option>console</option>,
+ <option>journal</option>,
+ <option>syslog</option>,
+ <option>kmsg</option>,
+ <option>journal-or-kmsg</option>,
+ <option>syslog-or-kmsg</option>,
+ <option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--log-level=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set log level. As
+ argument this accepts a numerical log
+ level or the well-known <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ symbolic names (lowercase):
+ <option>emerg</option>,
+ <option>alert</option>,
+ <option>crit</option>,
+ <option>err</option>,
+ <option>warning</option>,
+ <option>notice</option>,
+ <option>info</option>,
+ <option>debug</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--log-color=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Highlight important
+ log messages. Argument is a boolean
+ value. If the argument is omitted it
+ defaults to
+ <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--log-location=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Include code location
+ in log messages. This is mostly
+ relevant for debugging
+ purposes. Argument is a boolean
+ value. If the argument is omitted
+ it defaults to
+ <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--default-standard-output=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--default-standard-error=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the default
+ output or error output for all
+ services and sockets, respectively. That is, controls
+ the default for
+ <option>StandardOutput=</option>
+ and <option>StandardError=</option>
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details). Takes one of
+ <option>inherit</option>,
+ <option>null</option>,
+ <option>tty</option>,
+ <option>journal</option>,
+ <option>journal+console</option>,
+ <option>syslog</option>,
+ <option>syslog+console</option>,
+ <option>kmsg</option>,
+ <option>kmsg+console</option>. If the
+ argument is omitted
+ <option>--default-standard-output=</option>
+ defaults to <option>journal</option>
+ and
+ <option>--default-standard-error=</option>
+ to
+ <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Concepts</title>
+
+ <para>systemd provides a dependency system between
+ various entities called "units". Units encapsulate
+ various objects that are relevant for system boot-up
+ and maintenance. The majority of units are configured
+ in unit configuration files, whose syntax and basic
+ set of options is described in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ however some are created automatically from other
+ configuration or dynamically from system state. Units
+ may be 'active' (meaning started, bound, plugged in,
+ ... depending on the unit type, see below), or
+ 'inactive' (meaning stopped, unbound, unplugged, ...),
+ as well as in the process of being activated or
+ deactivated, i.e. between the two states (these states
+ are called 'activating', 'deactivating'). A special
+ 'failed' state is available as well which is very
+ similar to 'inactive' and is entered when the service
+ failed in some way (process returned error code on
+ exit, or crashed, or an operation timed out). If this
+ state is entered the cause will be logged, for later
+ reference. Note that the various unit types may have a
+ number of additional substates, which are mapped to
+ the five generalized unit states described
+ here.</para>
+
+ <para>The following unit types are available:</para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>Service units, which control
+ daemons and the processes they consist of. For
+ details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Socket units, which
+ encapsulate local IPC or network sockets in
+ the system, useful for socket-based
+ activation. For details about socket units see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ for details on socket-based activation and
+ other forms of activation, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Target units are useful to
+ group units, or provide well-known
+ synchronization points during boot-up, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Device units expose kernel
+ devices in systemd and may be used to
+ implement device-based activation. For details
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Mount units control mount
+ points in the file system, for details see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Automount units provide
+ automount capabilities, for on-demand mounting
+ of file systems as well as parallelized
+ boot-up. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.automount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Snapshot units can be used to
+ temporarily save the state of the set of
+ systemd units, which later may be restored by
+ activating the saved snapshot unit. For more
+ information see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.snapshot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Timer units are useful for
+ triggering activation of other units based on
+ timers. You may find details in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Swap units are very similar to
+ mount units and encapsulate memory swap
+ partitions or files of the operating
+ system. They are described in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>Path units may be used
+ to activate other services when file system
+ objects change or are modified. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>Units are named as their configuration
+ files. Some units have special semantics. A detailed
+ list is available in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd knows various kinds of dependencies,
+ including positive and negative requirement
+ dependencies (i.e. <varname>Requires=</varname> and
+ <varname>Conflicts=</varname>) as well as ordering
+ dependencies (<varname>After=</varname> and
+ <varname>Before=</varname>). NB: ordering and
+ requirement dependencies are orthogonal. If only a
+ requirement dependency exists between two units
+ (e.g. <filename>foo.service</filename> requires
+ <filename>bar.service</filename>), but no ordering
+ dependency (e.g. <filename>foo.service</filename>
+ after <filename>bar.service</filename>) and both are
+ requested to start, they will be started in
+ parallel. It is a common pattern that both requirement
+ and ordering dependencies are placed between two
+ units. Also note that the majority of dependencies are
+ implicitly created and maintained by systemd. In most
+ cases it should be unnecessary to declare additional
+ dependencies manually, however it is possible to do
+ this.</para>
+
+ <para>Application programs and units (via
+ dependencies) may request state changes of units. In
+ systemd, these requests are encapsulated as 'jobs' and
+ maintained in a job queue. Jobs may succeed or can
+ fail, their execution is ordered based on the ordering
+ dependencies of the units they have been scheduled
+ for.</para>
+
+ <para>On boot systemd activates the target unit
+ <filename>default.target</filename> whose job is to
+ activate on-boot services and other on-boot units by
+ pulling them in via dependencies. Usually the unit
+ name is just an alias (symlink) for either
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename> (for
+ fully-featured boots into the UI) or
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename> (for limited
+ console-only boots for use in embedded or server
+ environments, or similar; a subset of
+ graphical.target). However it is at the discretion of
+ the administrator to configure it as an alias to any
+ other target unit. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about these target units.</para>
+
+ <para>Processes systemd spawns are placed in
+ individual Linux control groups named after the unit
+ which they belong to in the private systemd
+ hierarchy. (see <ulink
+ url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>
+ for more information about control groups, or short
+ "cgroups"). systemd uses this to effectively keep
+ track of processes. Control group information is
+ maintained in the kernel, and is accessible via the
+ file system hierarchy (beneath
+ <filename>/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/</filename>), or in tools
+ such as
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ps</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ (<command>ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args</command>
+ is particularly useful to list all processes and the
+ systemd units they belong to.).</para>
+
+ <para>systemd is compatible with the SysV init system
+ to a large degree: SysV init scripts are supported and
+ simply read as an alternative (though limited)
+ configuration file format. The SysV
+ <filename>/dev/initctl</filename> interface is
+ provided, and compatibility implementations of the
+ various SysV client tools are available. In addition to
+ that, various established Unix functionality such as
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> or the
+ <filename>utmp</filename> database are
+ supported.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd has a minimal transaction system: if a
+ unit is requested to start up or shut down it will add
+ it and all its dependencies to a temporary
+ transaction. Then, it will verify if the transaction
+ is consistent (i.e. whether the ordering of all units
+ is cycle-free). If it is not, systemd will try to fix
+ it up, and removes non-essential jobs from the
+ transaction that might remove the loop. Also, systemd
+ tries to suppress non-essential jobs in the
+ transaction that would stop a running service. Finally
+ it is checked whether the jobs of the transaction
+ contradict jobs that have already been queued, and
+ optionally the transaction is aborted then. If all
+ worked out and the transaction is consistent and
+ minimized in its impact it is merged with all already
+ outstanding jobs and added to the run
+ queue. Effectively this means that before executing a
+ requested operation, systemd will verify that it makes
+ sense, fixing it if possible, and only failing if it
+ really cannot work.</para>
+
+ <para>Systemd contains native implementations of
+ various tasks that need to be executed as part of the
+ boot process. For example, it sets the host name or
+ configures the loopback network device. It also sets
+ up and mounts various API file systems, such as
+ <filename>/sys</filename> or
+ <filename>/proc</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information about the concepts and
+ ideas behind systemd please refer to the <ulink
+ url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html">Original
+ Design Document</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that some but not all interfaces provided
+ by systemd are covered by the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InterfaceStabilityPromise">Interface
+ Stability Promise</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units may be generated dynamically at boot and
+ system manager reload time, for example based on other
+ configuration files or parameters passed on the kernel
+ command line. For details see the <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Generators">Generators
+ Specification</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>Systems which invoke systemd in a container
+ or initrd environment should implement the
+ <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ContainerInterface">Container
+ Interface</ulink> or <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/InitrdInterface">initrd
+ Interface</ulink> specifications, respectively.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Directories</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>System unit directories</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The systemd system
+ manager reads unit configuration from
+ various directories. Packages that
+ want to install unit files shall place
+ them in the directory returned by
+ <command>pkg-config systemd
+ --variable=systemdsystemunitdir</command>. Other
+ directories checked are
+ <filename>/usr/local/lib/systemd/system</filename>
+ and
+ <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/system</filename>. User
+ configuration always takes
+ precedence. <command>pkg-config
+ systemd
+ --variable=systemdsystemconfdir</command>
+ returns the path of the system
+ configuration directory. Packages
+ should alter the content of these
+ directories only with the
+ <command>enable</command> and
+ <command>disable</command> commands of
+ the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>User unit directories</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Similar rules apply
+ for the user unit
+ directories. However, here the <ulink
+ url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG
+ Base Directory specification</ulink>
+ is followed to find
+ units. Applications should place their
+ unit files in the directory returned
+ by <command>pkg-config systemd
+ --variable=systemduserunitdir</command>. Global
+ configuration is done in the directory
+ reported by <command>pkg-config
+ systemd
+ --variable=systemduserconfdir</command>. The
+ <command>enable</command> and
+ <command>disable</command> commands of
+ the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool can handle both global (i.e. for
+ all users) and private (for one user)
+ enabling/disabling of
+ units.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SysV init scripts directory</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The location of the
+ SysV init script directory varies
+ between distributions. If systemd
+ cannot find a native unit file for a
+ requested service, it will look for a
+ SysV init script of the same name
+ (with the
+ <filename>.service</filename> suffix
+ removed).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SysV runlevel link farm directory</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The location of the
+ SysV runlevel link farm directory
+ varies between distributions. systemd
+ will take the link farm into account
+ when figuring out whether a service
+ shall be enabled. Note that a service
+ unit with a native unit configuration
+ file cannot be started by activating it
+ in the SysV runlevel link
+ farm.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Signals</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGTERM</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Upon receiving this
+ signal the systemd system manager
+ serializes its state, reexecutes
+ itself and deserializes the saved
+ state again. This is mostly equivalent
+ to <command>systemctl
+ daemon-reexec</command>.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd user managers will
+ start the
+ <filename>exit.target</filename> unit
+ when this signal is received. This is
+ mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl --user start
+ exit.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGINT</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Upon receiving this
+ signal the systemd system manager will
+ start the
+ <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename> unit. This
+ is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ ctl-alt-del.target</command>.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd user managers
+ treat this signal the same way as
+ SIGTERM.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGWINCH</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When this signal is
+ received the systemd system manager
+ will start the
+ <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ kbrequest.target</command>.</para>
+
+ <para>This signal is ignored by
+ systemd user
+ managers.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGPWR</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When this signal is
+ received the systemd manager
+ will start the
+ <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ sigpwr.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGUSR1</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When this signal is
+ received the systemd manager will try
+ to reconnect to the D-Bus
+ bus.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGUSR2</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When this signal is
+ received the systemd manager will log
+ its complete state in human readable
+ form. The data logged is the same as
+ printed by <command>systemctl
+ dump</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGHUP</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reloads the complete
+ daemon configuration. This is mostly
+ equivalent to <command>systemctl
+ daemon-reload</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+0</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enters default mode, starts the
+ <filename>default.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+1</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enters rescue mode,
+ starts the
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl isolate
+ rescue.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+2</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enters emergency mode,
+ starts the
+ <filename>emergency.service</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl isolate
+ emergency.service</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+3</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Halts the machine,
+ starts the
+ <filename>halt.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ halt.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+4</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Powers off the machine,
+ starts the
+ <filename>poweroff.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ poweroff.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+5</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reboots the machine,
+ starts the
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ reboot.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+6</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reboots the machine via kexec,
+ starts the
+ <filename>kexec.target</filename>
+ unit. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl start
+ kexec.target</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+13</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately halts the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+14</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately powers off the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+15</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately reboots the machine.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+16</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately reboots the machine with kexec.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+20</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Enables display of
+ status messages on the console, as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.show_status=1</varname>
+ on the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+21</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Disables display of
+ status messages on the console, as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.show_status=0</varname>
+ on the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+22</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+23</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the log level to
+ <literal>debug</literal>
+ (or <literal>info</literal> on
+ <literal>SIGRTMIN+23</literal>), as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.log_level=debug</varname>
+ (or <varname>systemd.log_level=info</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+23</literal>) on
+ the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+24</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Immediately exits the
+ manager (only available for --user
+ instances).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+26</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+27</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+28</term>
+ <term>SIGRTMIN+29</term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the log level to
+ <literal>journal-or-kmsg</literal>
+ (or <literal>console</literal> on
+ <literal>SIGRTMIN+27</literal>,
+ <literal>kmsg</literal> on
+ <literal>SIGRTMIN+28</literal>,
+ or <literal>syslog-or-kmsg</literal>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+29</literal>), as
+ controlled via
+ <varname>systemd.log_target=journal-or-kmsg</varname>
+ (or <varname>systemd.log_target=console</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+27</literal>,
+ <varname>systemd.log_target=kmsg</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+28</literal>,
+ or
+ <varname>systemd.log_target=syslog-or-kmsg</varname>
+ on <literal>SIGRTMIN+29</literal>) on
+ the kernel command
+ line.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>systemd reads the
+ log level from this environment
+ variable. This can be overridden with
+ <option>--log-level=</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>systemd reads the
+ log target from this environment
+ variable. This can be overridden with
+ <option>--log-target=</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls whether
+ systemd highlights important log
+ messages. This can be overridden with
+ <option>--log-color=</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls whether
+ systemd prints the code location along
+ with log messages. This can be
+ overridden with
+ <option>--log-location=</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$XDG_CONFIG_HOME</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>$XDG_CONFIG_DIRS</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>$XDG_DATA_HOME</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>$XDG_DATA_DIRS</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>The systemd user
+ manager uses these variables in
+ accordance to the <ulink
+ url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html">XDG
+ Base Directory specification</ulink>
+ to find its configuration.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls where systemd
+ looks for unit
+ files.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_SYSVINIT_PATH</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls where systemd
+ looks for SysV init scripts.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_SYSVRCND_PATH</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls where systemd
+ looks for SysV init script runlevel link
+ farms.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set by systemd for
+ supervised processes during
+ socket-based activation. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$NOTIFY_SOCKET</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set by systemd for
+ supervised processes for status and
+ start-up completion notification. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Kernel Command Line</title>
+
+ <para>When run as system instance systemd parses a
+ number of kernel command line
+ arguments<footnote><para>If run inside a Linux
+ container these arguments may be passed as command
+ line arguments to systemd itself, next to any of the
+ command line options listed in the Options section
+ above. If run outside of Linux containers, these
+ arguments are parsed from
+ <filename>/proc/cmdline</filename>
+ instead.</para></footnote>:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Overrides the unit to
+ activate on boot. Defaults to
+ <filename>default.target</filename>. This
+ may be used to temporarily boot into a
+ different boot unit, for example
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename> or
+ <filename>emergency.service</filename>. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details about these units. The
+ option prefixed with
+ <literal>rd.</literal> is honored
+ only in the initial RAM disk (initrd),
+ while the one that isn't prefixed only
+ in the main system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.dump_core=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ systemd dumps core when it
+ crashes. Otherwise no core dump is
+ created. Defaults to
+ <option>true</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ systemd spawns a shell when it
+ crashes. Otherwise no shell is
+ spawned. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>, for security
+ reasons, as the shell is not protected
+ by any password
+ authentication.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes an integer
+ argument. If positive systemd
+ activates the specified virtual
+ terminal when it crashes. Defaults to
+ <literal>-1</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ asks for confirmation when spawning
+ processes. Defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.show_status=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <option>true</option>
+ shows terse service status updates on
+ the console during bootup. Defaults to
+ <option>true</option>, unless
+ <option>quiet</option> is passed as
+ kernel command line option in which
+ case it defaults to
+ <option>false</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_color=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Controls log output,
+ with the same effect as the
+ <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR</varname>, <varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION</varname>
+ environment variables described above.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Controls default
+ standard output and error output for
+ services, with the same effect as the
+ <option>--default-standard-output=</option>
+ and <option>--default-standard-error=</option>
+ command line arguments described
+ above, respectively.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a string
+ argument in the form
+ VARIABLE=VALUE. May be used to set
+ environment variables for the init
+ process and all its children at boot
+ time. May be used more than once to
+ set multiple variables. If the equal
+ sign and variable are missing it unsets
+ an environment variable which might be
+ passed in from the initial ram
+ disk.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quiet</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If passed turns off
+ status output at boot, much like
+ <varname>systemd.show_status=false</varname>
+ would. Note that this option is also
+ read by the kernel itself and disables
+ kernel log output to the
+ kernel. Passing this option hence
+ turns off the usual output from both
+ the system manager and the
+ kernel.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>emergency</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Boot into emergency
+ mode. This is equivalent to
+ <varname>systemd.unit=emergency.target</varname>
+ and provided for compatibility
+ reasons and to be easier to type.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>single</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>s</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>S</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>1</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Boot into rescue
+ mode. This is equivalent to
+ <varname>systemd.unit=rescue.target</varname>
+ and provided for compatibility reasons
+ and to be easier to
+ type.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>2</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>3</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>4</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>5</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Boot into the
+ specified legacy SysV runlevel. These
+ are equivalent to
+ <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel2.target</varname>,
+ <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel3.target</varname>,
+ <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel4.target</varname>,
+ and <varname>systemd.unit=runlevel5.target</varname>, respectively,
+ and provided for compatibility reasons
+ and to be easier to
+ type.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system locale
+ to use. This overrides the settings in
+ <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>. For
+ more information see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>For other kernel command line parameters
+ understood by components of the core OS, please refer
+ to
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Sockets and FIFOs</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/run/systemd/notify</filename></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Daemon status
+ notification socket. This is an
+ AF_UNIX datagram socket and is used to
+ implement the daemon notification
+ logic as implemented by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/run/systemd/shutdownd</filename></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Used internally by the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool to implement delayed
+ shutdowns. This is an AF_UNIX datagram
+ socket.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/run/systemd/private</filename></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Used internally as
+ communication channel between
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and the systemd process. This is an
+ AF_UNIX stream socket. This interface
+ is private to systemd and should not
+ be used in external
+ projects.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>/dev/initctl</filename></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Limited compatibility
+ support for the SysV client interface,
+ as implemented by the
+ <filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>
+ unit. This is a named pipe in the file
+ system. This interface is obsolete and
+ should not be used in new
+ applications.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-notify</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pkg-config</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/telinit.xml b/man/telinit.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c6064f54a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/telinit.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="telinit">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>telinit</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>telinit</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>telinit</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Change SysV runlevel</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>telinit <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>telinit</command> may be used to change
+ the SysV system runlevel. Since the concept of SysV
+ runlevels is obsolete the runlevel requests
+ will be transparently translated into systemd unit
+ activation requests.</para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't send wall
+ message before
+ reboot/halt/power-off.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>0</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Power-off the
+ machine. This is translated into an
+ activation request for
+ <filename>poweroff.target</filename>
+ and is equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl
+ poweroff</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>6</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reboot the
+ machine. This is translated into an
+ activation request for
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename> and
+ is equivalent to <command>systemctl
+ reboot</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>2</command></term>
+ <term><command>3</command></term>
+ <term><command>4</command></term>
+ <term><command>5</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Change the SysV
+ runlevel. This is translated into an
+ activation request for
+ <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
+ ... and is equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl isolate
+ runlevel2.target</command>,
+ <command>systemctl isolate
+ runlevel3.target</command>,
+ ...</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>1</command></term>
+ <term><command>s</command></term>
+ <term><command>S</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Change into system
+ rescue mode. This is translated into
+ an activation request for
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename> and
+ is equivalent to <command>systemctl
+ rescue</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>q</command></term>
+ <term><command>Q</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Reload daemon
+ configuration. This is equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl
+ daemon-reload</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>u</command></term>
+ <term><command>U</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Serialize state,
+ reexecute daemon and deserialize state
+ again. This is equivalent to
+ <command>systemctl
+ daemon-reexec</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Notes</title>
+
+ <para>This is a legacy command available for compatibility
+ only. It should not be used anymore, as the concept of
+ runlevels is obsolete.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/timedatectl.xml b/man/timedatectl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01ca0a73d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/timedatectl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="timedatectl">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>timedatectl</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>timedatectl</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>timedatectl</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control the system time and date</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>timedatectl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>timedatectl</command> may be used to
+ query and change the system clock and its
+ settings.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <term><option>-h</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short help
+ text and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Prints a short version
+ string and exits.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
+ pager.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Don't query the user
+ for authentication for privileged
+ operations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-H</option></term>
+ <term><option>--host</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Execute the operation
+ remotely. Specify a hostname, or
+ username and hostname separated by @,
+ to connect to. This will use SSH to
+ talk to a remote
+ system.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--adjust-system-clock</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>If
+ <command>set-local-rtc</command> is
+ invoked and this option is passed the
+ system clock is synchronized from the
+ RTC again, taking the new setting into
+ account. Otherwise the RTC is
+ synchronized from the system
+ clock.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>status</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Show current settings
+ of the system clock and
+ RTC.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-time [TIME]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system clock
+ to the specified time. This will also
+ update the RTC time accordingly. The time
+ may be specified in the format
+ "2012-10-30
+ 18:17:16".</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-timezone [TIMEZONE]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the system time
+ zone to the specified value. Available
+ time zones can be listed with
+ <command>list-timezones</command>. If
+ the RTC is configured to be in the
+ local time this will also update the
+ RTC time. This call will alter the
+ <filename>/etc/localtime</filename>
+ symlink. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more
+ information.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-timezones</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>List available time
+ zones, one per line. Entries from the
+ list can be set as the system
+ time zone with
+ <command>set-timezone</command>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-local-rtc [BOOL]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. If <literal>0</literal> the
+ system is configured to maintain the
+ RTC in universal time, if
+ <literal>1</literal> it will maintain
+ the RTC in local time instead. Note
+ that maintaining the RTC in the local
+ time zone is not fully supported and
+ will create various problems with time
+ zone changes and daylight saving
+ adjustments. If at all possible use
+ RTC in UTC. Note that invoking this
+ will also synchronize the RTC from the
+ system clock, unless
+ <option>--adjust-system-clock</option> is
+ passed (see above). This command will
+ change the 3rd line of
+ <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename>, as
+ documented in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hwclock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-ntp [BOOL]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
+ argument. Controls whether NTP based
+ network time synchronization is
+ enabled (if
+ available).</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Pager to use when
+ <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
+ overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
+ this to an empty string or the value
+ <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
+ <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <para>Show current settings:
+ <programlisting>
+$ timedatectl
+ Local time: Fri, 2012-11-02 09:26:46 CET
+ Universal time: Fri, 2012-11-02 08:26:46 UTC
+ RTC time: Fri, 2012-11-02 08:26:45
+ Timezone: Europe/Warsaw
+ UTC offset: +0100
+ NTP enabled: no
+NTP synchronized: no
+ RTC in local TZ: no
+ DST active: no
+ Last DST change: CEST → CET, DST became inactive
+ Sun, 2012-10-28 02:59:59 CEST
+ Sun, 2012-10-28 02:00:00 CET
+ Next DST change: CET → CEST, DST will become active
+ the clock will jump one hour forward
+ Sun, 2013-03-31 01:59:59 CET
+ Sun, 2013-03-31 03:00:00 CEST
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Enable an NTP daemon (chronyd):
+ <programlisting>
+$ timedatectl set-ntp true
+==== AUTHENTICATING FOR org.freedesktop.timedate1.set-ntp ===
+Authentication is required to control whether network time synchronization shall be enabled.
+Authenticating as: user
+Password: ********
+==== AUTHENTICATION COMPLETE ===
+ </programlisting>
+
+ <programlisting>
+$ systemctl status chronyd.service
+chronyd.service - NTP client/server
+ Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/chronyd.service; enabled)
+ Active: active (running) since Fri, 2012-11-02 09:36:25 CET; 5s ago
+...
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hwclock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>date</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>localtime</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-timedated.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/tmpfiles.d.xml b/man/tmpfiles.d.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..785264e3cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/tmpfiles.d.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>tmpfiles.d</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Documentation</contrib>
+ <firstname>Brandon</firstname>
+ <surname>Philips</surname>
+ <email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and
+ cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the
+ configuration files from the above directories to describe the
+ creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and
+ temporary files and directories which usually reside
+ in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
+ or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Configuration Format</title>
+
+ <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
+ style of <filename>&lt;program&gt;.conf</filename>.
+ Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files
+ with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>
+ and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the same
+ name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages
+ should install their configuration files in
+ <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Files in
+ <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local
+ administrator, who may use this logic to override the
+ configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
+ configuration files are sorted by their filename in
+ alphabetical order, regardless in which of the
+ directories they reside, to guarantee that a specific
+ configuration file takes precedence over another file
+ with an alphabetically later name.</para>
+
+ <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
+ configuration file supplied by the vendor the
+ recommended way is to place a symlink to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
+ <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the
+ same file name.</para>
+
+ <para>The configuration format is one line per path
+ containing action, path, mode, ownership, age and argument
+ fields:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
+d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
+L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Type</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>f</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a file if it doesn't exist yet (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>F</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create or truncate a file (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>w</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists.
+ Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
+ names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing
+ newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>d</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a directory if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>D</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>p</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>L</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a symlink if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>c</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a character device node if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>b</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a block device node if it doesn't exist yet</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>x</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Ignore a path
+ during cleaning. Use this type
+ to exclude paths from clean-up
+ as controlled with the Age
+ parameter. Note that lines of
+ this type do not influence the
+ effect of r or R lines. Lines
+ of this type accept
+ shell-style globs in place of
+ normal path
+ names.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>r</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Remove a file
+ or directory if it
+ exists. This may not be used
+ to remove non-empty
+ directories, use R for
+ that. Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in
+ place of normal path
+ names.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>R</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Recursively
+ remove a path and all its
+ subdirectories (if it is a
+ directory). Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in
+ place of normal path
+ names.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>z</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Restore
+ SELinux security context label
+ and set ownership and access
+ mode of a file or directory if
+ it exists. Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in
+ place of normal path names.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>Z</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Recursively
+ restore SELinux security
+ context label and set
+ ownership and access mode of a
+ path and all its
+ subdirectories (if it is a
+ directory). Lines of this type
+ accept shell-style globs in
+ place of normal path
+ names.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Mode</title>
+
+ <para>The file access mode to use when
+ creating this file or directory. If omitted or
+ when set to - the default is used: 0755 for
+ directories, 0644 for all other file
+ objects. For z, Z lines if omitted or when set
+ to - the file access mode will not be
+ modified. This parameter is ignored for x, r,
+ R, L lines.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>UID, GID</title>
+
+ <para>The user and group to use for this file
+ or directory. This may either be a numeric
+ user/group ID or a user or group name. If
+ omitted or when set to - the default 0 (root)
+ is used. For z, Z lines when omitted or when set to -
+ the file ownership will not be modified.
+ These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L lines.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Age</title>
+ <para>The date field, when set, is used to
+ decide what files to delete when cleaning. If
+ a file or directory is older than the current
+ time minus the age field it is deleted. The
+ field format is a series of integers each
+ followed by one of the following
+ postfixes for the respective time units:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>s</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>min</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>h</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>d</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>w</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ms</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>m</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>If multiple integers and units are specified the time
+ values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
+ s is assumed.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
+ unconditionally.</para>
+
+ <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with
+ d, D and x. If omitted or set to - no automatic clean-up
+ is done.</para>
+
+ <para>If the age field starts with a tilde
+ character (~) the clean-up is only applied to
+ files and directories one level inside the
+ directory specified, but not the files and
+ directories immediately inside it.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Argument</title>
+
+ <para>For L lines determines the destination
+ path of the symlink. For c, b determines the
+ major/minor of the device node, with major and
+ minor formatted as integers, separated by :,
+ e.g. "1:3". For f, F, w may be used to specify
+ a short string that is written to the file,
+ suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all other
+ lines.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+ <example>
+ <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
+ <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
+
+ <programlisting>d /var/run/screens 1777 root root 10d
+d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/udev.xml b/man/udev.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7ec7a3fed0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/udev.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<refentry id="udev">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>udev</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Greg</firstname>
+ <surname>Kroah-Hartmann</surname>
+ <email>greg@kroah.com</email>
+ </author>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Kay</firstname>
+ <surname>Sievers</surname>
+ <email>kay@vrfy.org</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>udev</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Linux dynamic device management</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Description</title>
+ <para>udev supplies the system software with device events, manages permissions
+ of device nodes and may create additional symlinks in the <filename>/dev</filename>
+ directory, or renames network interfaces. The kernel usually just assigns unpredictable
+ device names based on the order of discovery. Meaningful symlinks or network device
+ names provide a way to reliably identify devices based on their properties or
+ current configuration.</para>
+
+ <para>The udev daemon, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, receives device uevents directly from
+ the kernel whenever a device is added or removed from the system, or it changes its
+ state. When udev receives a device event, it matches its configured set of rules
+ against various device attributes to identify the device. Rules that match may
+ provide additional device information to be stored in the udev database or
+ to be used to create meaningful symlink names.</para>
+
+ <para>All device information udev processes is stored in the udev database and
+ sent out to possible event subscribers. Access to all stored data and the event
+ sources is provided by the library libudev.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Configuration</title>
+ <para>udev configuration files are placed in <filename>/etc/udev</filename>
+ and <filename>/usr/lib/udev</filename>. All empty lines or lines beginning with
+ '#' are ignored.</para>
+
+ <refsect2><title>Configuration file</title>
+ <para>udev expects its main configuration file at <filename>/etc/udev/udev.conf</filename>.
+ It consists of a set of variables allowing the user to override default udev values.
+ The following variables can be set:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>udev_log</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The logging priority. Valid values are the numerical syslog priorities
+ or their textual representations: <option>err</option>, <option>info</option>
+ and <option>debug</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>Rules files</title>
+ <para>The udev rules are read from the files located in the
+ system rules directory <filename>/usr/lib/udev/rules.d</filename>,
+ the volatile runtime directory <filename>/run/udev/rules.d</filename>
+ and the local administration directory <filename>/etc/udev/rules.d</filename>.
+ All rules files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
+ regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
+ identical file names replace each other. Files in <filename>/etc</filename>
+ have the highest priority, files in <filename>/run</filename> take precedence
+ over files with the same name in <filename>/lib</filename>. This can be
+ used to override a system-supplied rules file with a local file if needed;
+ a symlink in <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a rules file in
+ <filename>/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
+ disables the rules file entirely.</para>
+
+ <para>Rule files must have the extension <filename>.rules</filename>; other
+ extensions are ignored.</para>
+
+ <para>Every line in the rules file contains at least one key-value pair.
+ There are two kinds of keys: match and assignment.
+ If all match keys are matching against its value, the rule gets applied and the
+ assignment keys get the specified value assigned.</para>
+
+ <para>A matching rule may rename a network interface, add symlinks
+ pointing to the device node, or run a specified program as part of
+ the event handling.</para>
+
+ <para>A rule consists of a comma-separated list of one or more key-value pairs.
+ Each key has a distinct operation, depending on the used operator. Valid
+ operators are:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>==</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Compare for equality.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>!=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Compare for inequality.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Assign a value to a key. Keys that represent a list are reset
+ and only this single value is assigned.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>+=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Add the value to a key that holds a list of entries.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>:=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Assign a value to a key finally; disallow any later changes.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following key names can be used to match against device properties.
+ Some of the keys also match against properties of the parent devices in sysfs,
+ not only the device that has generated the event. If multiple keys that match
+ a parent device are specified in a single rule, all these keys must match at
+ one and the same parent device.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>ACTION</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the name of the event action.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>DEVPATH</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the devpath of the event device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>KERNEL</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the name of the event device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>NAME</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the name of a network interface. It can be used once the
+ NAME key has been set in one of the preceding rules.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>SYMLINK</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the name of a symlink targeting the node. It can
+ be used once a SYMLINK key has been set in one of the preceding
+ rules. There may be multiple symlinks; only one needs to match.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>SUBSYSTEM</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the subsystem of the event device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>DRIVER</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the driver name of the event device. Only set this key for devices
+ which are bound to a driver at the time the event is generated.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>ATTR{<replaceable>filename</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match sysfs attribute values of the event device. Trailing
+ whitespace in the attribute values is ignored unless the specified match
+ value itself contains trailing whitespace.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>KERNELS</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Search the devpath upwards for a matching device name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>SUBSYSTEMS</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Search the devpath upwards for a matching device subsystem name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>DRIVERS</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Search the devpath upwards for a matching device driver name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>ATTRS{<replaceable>filename</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Search the devpath upwards for a device with matching sysfs attribute values.
+ If multiple <option>ATTRS</option> matches are specified, all of them
+ must match on the same device. Trailing whitespace in the attribute values is ignored
+ unless the specified match value itself contains trailing whitespace.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>TAGS</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Search the devpath upwards for a device with matching tag.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>ENV{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match against a device property value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>TAG</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match against a device tag.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>TEST{<replaceable>octal mode mask</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Test the existence of a file. An octal mode mask can be specified
+ if needed.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>PROGRAM</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Execute a program to determine whether there
+ is a match; the key is true if the program returns
+ successfully. The device properties are made available to the
+ executed program in the environment. The program's stdout
+ is available in the RESULT key.</para>
+ <para>This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. For details
+ see <option>RUN</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>RESULT</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Match the returned string of the last PROGRAM call. This key can
+ be used in the same or in any later rule after a PROGRAM call.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Most of the fields support shell-style pattern matching. The following
+ pattern characters are supported:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>*</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Matches zero or more characters.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>?</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Matches any single character.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>[]</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Matches any single character specified within the brackets. For
+ example, the pattern string 'tty[SR]' would match either 'ttyS' or 'ttyR'.
+ Ranges are also supported via the '-' character.
+ For example, to match on the range of all digits, the pattern [0-9] could
+ be used. If the first character following the '[' is a '!', any characters
+ not enclosed are matched.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The following keys can get values assigned:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>NAME</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name to use for a network interface. The name of a device node
+ cannot be changed by udev, only additional symlinks can be created.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>SYMLINK</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name of a symlink targeting the node. Every matching rule adds
+ this value to the list of symlinks to be created.</para>
+ <para>The set of characters to name a symlink is limited. Allowed
+ characters are [0-9A-Za-z#+-.:=@_/], valid utf8 character sequences,
+ and "\x00" hex encoding. All other characters are replaced by
+ a '_' character.</para>
+ <para>Multiple symlinks may be specified by separating the names by the
+ space character. In case multiple devices claim the same name, the link
+ always points to the device with the highest link_priority. If the current
+ device goes away, the links are re-evaluated and the device with the
+ next highest link_priority becomes the owner of the link. If no
+ link_priority is specified, the order of the devices (and which one of
+ them owns the link) is undefined.</para>
+ <para>Symlink names must never conflict with the kernel's default device
+ node names, as that would result in unpredictable behavior.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>OWNER, GROUP, MODE</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The permissions for the device node. Every specified value overrides
+ the compiled-in default value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>ATTR{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The value that should be written to a sysfs attribute of the
+ event device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>ENV{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set a device property value. Property names with a leading '.'
+ are neither stored in the database nor exported to events or
+ external tools (run by, say, the PROGRAM match key).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>TAG</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Attach a tag to a device. This is used to filter events for users
+ of libudev's monitor functionality, or to enumerate a group of tagged
+ devices. The implementation can only work efficiently if only a few
+ tags are attached to a device. It is only meant to be used in
+ contexts with specific device filter requirements, and not as a
+ general-purpose flag. Excessive use might result in inefficient event
+ handling.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>RUN</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Add a program to the list of programs to be executed for a specific
+ device.</para>
+ <para>If no absolute path is given, the program is expected to live in
+ /usr/lib/udev, otherwise the absolute path must be specified. The program
+ name and following arguments are separated by spaces. Single quotes can
+ be used to specify arguments with spaces.</para>
+ <para>This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. Running an
+ event process for a long period of time may block all further events for
+ this or a dependent device.</para>
+ <para>Starting daemons or other long running processes is not appropriate
+ for udev; the forked processes, detached or not, will be unconditionally
+ killed after the event handling has finished.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>LABEL</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A named label to which a GOTO may jump.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>GOTO</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Jumps to the next LABEL with a matching name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>IMPORT{<replaceable>type</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import a set of variables as device properties,
+ depending on <replaceable>type</replaceable>:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>program</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Execute an external program specified as the assigned value and
+ import its output, which must be in environment key
+ format. Path specification, command/argument separation,
+ and quoting work like in <option>RUN</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>file</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import a text file specified as the assigned value, the content
+ of which must be in environment key format.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>db</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import a single property specified as the assigned value from the
+ current device database. This works only if the database is already populated
+ by an earlier event.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>cmdline</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import a single property from the kernel command line. For simple flags
+ the value of the property is set to '1'.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>parent</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import the stored keys from the parent device by reading
+ the database entry of the parent device. The value assigned to
+ <option>IMPORT{parent}</option> is used as a filter of key names
+ to import (with the same shell-style pattern matching used for
+ comparisons).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <para>This can only be used for very short-running foreground tasks. For details
+ see <option>RUN</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>WAIT_FOR</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Wait for a file to become available or until a timeout of
+ 10 seconds expires. The path is relative to the sysfs device;
+ if no path is specified, this waits for an attribute to appear.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>OPTIONS</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Rule and device options:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>link_priority=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Specify the priority of the created symlinks. Devices with higher
+ priorities overwrite existing symlinks of other devices. The default is 0.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>event_timeout=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Number of seconds an event waits for operations to finish before
+ giving up and terminating itself.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>string_escape=<replaceable>none|replace</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Usually control and other possibly unsafe characters are replaced
+ in strings used for device naming. The mode of replacement can be specified
+ with this option.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>static_node=</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Apply the permissions specified in this rule to the static device node with
+ the specified name. Static device node creation can be requested by kernel modules.
+ These nodes might not have a corresponding kernel device at the time systemd-udevd is
+ started; they can trigger automatic kernel module loading.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>watch</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Watch the device node with inotify; when the node is closed after being opened for
+ writing, a change uevent is synthesized.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>nowatch</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Disable the watching of a device node with inotify.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>The <option>NAME</option>, <option>SYMLINK</option>, <option>PROGRAM</option>,
+ <option>OWNER</option>, <option>GROUP</option>, <option>MODE</option> and <option>RUN</option>
+ fields support simple string substitutions. The <option>RUN</option>
+ substitutions are performed after all rules have been processed, right before the program
+ is executed, allowing for the use of device properties set by earlier matching
+ rules. For all other fields, substitutions are performed while the individual rule is
+ being processed. The available substitutions are:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$kernel</option>, <option>%k</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel name for this device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$number</option>, <option>%n</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel number for this device. For example, 'sda3' has
+ kernel number of '3'</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$devpath</option>, <option>%p</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The devpath of the device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$id</option>, <option>%b</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name of the device matched while searching the devpath upwards for
+ <option>SUBSYSTEMS</option>, <option>KERNELS</option>, <option>DRIVERS</option> and <option>ATTRS</option>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$driver</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The driver name of the device matched while searching the devpath upwards for
+ <option>SUBSYSTEMS</option>, <option>KERNELS</option>, <option>DRIVERS</option> and <option>ATTRS</option>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$attr{<replaceable>file</replaceable>}</option>, <option>%s{<replaceable>file</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The value of a sysfs attribute found at the device where
+ all keys of the rule have matched. If the matching device does not have
+ such an attribute, and a previous KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, DRIVERS, or
+ ATTRS test selected a parent device, then the attribute from that
+ parent device is used.</para>
+ <para>If the attribute is a symlink, the last element of the symlink target is
+ returned as the value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$env{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option>, <option>%E{<replaceable>key</replaceable>}</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A device property value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$major</option>, <option>%M</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel major number for the device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$minor</option>, <option>%m</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The kernel minor number for the device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$result</option>, <option>%c</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The string returned by the external program requested with PROGRAM.
+ A single part of the string, separated by a space character, may be selected
+ by specifying the part number as an attribute: <option>%c{N}</option>.
+ If the number is followed by the '+' character, this part plus all remaining parts
+ of the result string are substituted: <option>%c{N+}</option></para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$parent</option>, <option>%P</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The node name of the parent device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$name</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The current name of the device. If not changed by a rule, it is the
+ name of the kernel device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$links</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A space-separated list of the current symlinks. The value is
+ only set during a remove event or if an earlier rule assigned a value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$root</option>, <option>%r</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The udev_root value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$sys</option>, <option>%S</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The sysfs mount point.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$devnode</option>, <option>%N</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name of the device node.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>%%</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The '%' character itself.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>$$</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The '$' character itself.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry></para>
+ </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/udevadm.xml b/man/udevadm.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..015980a63b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/udevadm.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?>
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<refentry id="udevadm">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>udevadm</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Kay</firstname>
+ <surname>Sievers</surname>
+ <email>kay@vrfy.org</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>udevadm</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ <refmiscinfo class="version"></refmiscinfo>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>udevadm</refname><refpurpose>udev management tool</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm</command>
+ <arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--version</option></arg>
+ <arg><option>--help</option></arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm info <replaceable>options</replaceable></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm trigger <optional>options</optional></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm settle <optional>options</optional></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm control <replaceable>command</replaceable></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm monitor <optional>options</optional></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm hwdb <optional>options</optional></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm test <optional>options</optional> <replaceable>devpath</replaceable></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>udevadm test-builtin <optional>options</optional> <replaceable>command</replaceable> <replaceable>devpath</replaceable></command>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1><title>Description</title>
+ <para>udevadm expects a command and command specific options. It
+ controls the runtime behavior of udev, requests kernel events,
+ manages the event queue, and provides simple debugging mechanisms.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1><title>OPTIONS</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--debug</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print debug messages to stderr.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print version number.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm info <replaceable>options</replaceable></title>
+ <para>Queries the udev database for device information
+ stored in the udev database. It can also query the properties
+ of a device from its sysfs representation to help creating udev
+ rules that match this device.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--query=<replaceable>type</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Query the database for specified type of device data. It needs the
+ <option>--path</option> or <option>--name</option> to identify the specified
+ device. Valid queries are:
+ <command>name</command>, <command>symlink</command>, <command>path</command>,
+ <command>property</command>, <command>all</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--path=<replaceable>devpath</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The devpath of the device to query.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--name=<replaceable>file</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The name of the device node or a symlink to query</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--root</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print absolute paths in <command>name</command> or <command>symlink</command>
+ query.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--attribute-walk</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print all sysfs properties of the specified device that can be used
+ in udev rules to match the specified device. It prints all devices
+ along the chain, up to the root of sysfs that can be used in udev rules.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--export</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print output as key/value pairs. Values are enclosed in single quotes.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--export-prefix=<replaceable>name</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Add a prefix to the key name of exported values.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--device-id-of-file=<replaceable>file</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print major/minor numbers of the underlying device, where the file
+ lives on.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--export-db</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Export the content of the udev database.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--cleanup-db</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Cleanup the udev database.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--version</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print version.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm trigger <optional>options</optional></title>
+ <para>Request device events from the kernel. Primarily used to replay events at system coldplug time.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print the list of devices which will be triggered.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Do not actually trigger the event.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--type=<replaceable>type</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger a specific type of devices. Valid types are:
+ <command>devices</command>, <command>subsystems</command>.
+ The default value is <command>devices</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--action=<replaceable>action</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Type of event to be triggered. The default value is <command>change</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--subsystem-match=<replaceable>subsystem</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger events for devices which belong to a matching subsystem. This option
+ can be specified multiple times and supports shell style pattern matching.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--subsystem-nomatch=<replaceable>subsystem</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Do not trigger events for devices which belong to a matching subsystem. This option
+ can be specified multiple times and supports shell style pattern matching.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--attr-match=<replaceable>attribute</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger events for devices with a matching sysfs attribute. If a value is specified
+ along with the attribute name, the content of the attribute is matched against the given
+ value using shell style pattern matching. If no value is specified, the existence of the
+ sysfs attribute is checked. This option can be specified multiple times.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--attr-nomatch=<replaceable>attribute</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Do not trigger events for devices with a matching sysfs attribute. If a value is
+ specified along with the attribute name, the content of the attribute is matched against
+ the given value using shell style pattern matching. If no value is specified, the existence
+ of the sysfs attribute is checked. This option can be specified multiple times.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--property-match=<replaceable>property</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger events for devices with a matching property value. This option can be
+ specified multiple times and supports shell style pattern matching.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--tag-match=<replaceable>property</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger events for devices with a matching tag. This option can be
+ specified multiple times.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--sysname-match=<replaceable>name</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger events for devices with a matching sys device name. This option can be
+ specified multiple times and supports shell style pattern matching.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--parent-match=<replaceable>syspath</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Trigger events for all children of a given device.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm settle <optional>options</optional></title>
+ <para>Watches the udev event queue, and exits if all current events are handled.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--timeout=<replaceable>seconds</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Maximum number of seconds to wait for the event queue to become empty.
+ The default value is 120 seconds. A value of 0 will check if the queue is empty
+ and always return immediately.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--seq-start=<replaceable>seqnum</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Wait only for events after the given sequence number.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--seq-end=<replaceable>seqnum</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Wait only for events before the given sequence number.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--exit-if-exists=<replaceable>file</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Stop waiting if file exists.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Do not print any output, like the remaining queue entries when reaching the timeout.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm control <replaceable>command</replaceable></title>
+ <para>Modify the internal state of the running udev daemon.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--exit</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Signal and wait for systemd-udevd to exit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--log-priority=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the internal log level of systemd-udevd. Valid values are the numerical
+ syslog priorities or their textual representations: <option>err</option>,
+ <option>info</option> and <option>debug</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--stop-exec-queue</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Signal systemd-udevd to stop executing new events. Incoming events
+ will be queued.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--start-exec-queue</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Signal systemd-udevd to enable the execution of events.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--reload</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Signal systemd-udevd to reload the rules files and other databases like the kernel
+ module index. Reloading rules and databases does not apply any changes to already
+ existing devices; the new configuration will only be applied to new events.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--property=<replaceable>KEY</replaceable>=<replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set a global property for all events.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--children-max=</option><replaceable>value</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the maximum number of events, systemd-udevd will handle at the
+ same time.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--timeout=</option><replaceable>seconds</replaceable></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The maximum number of seconds to wait for a reply from systemd-udevd.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm monitor <optional>options</optional></title>
+ <para>Listens to the kernel uevents and events sent out by a udev rule
+ and prints the devpath of the event to the console. It can be used to analyze the
+ event timing, by comparing the timestamps of the kernel uevent and the udev event.
+ </para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--kernel</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print the kernel uevents.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--udev</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print the udev event after the rule processing.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--property</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Also print the properties of the event.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--subsystem-match=<replaceable>string[/string]</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Filter events by subsystem[/devtype]. Only udev events with a matching subsystem value will pass.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--tag-match=<replaceable>string</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Filter events by property. Only udev events with a given tag attached will pass.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm hwdb <optional>options</optional></title>
+ <para>Maintain the hardware database index in /etc/udev/hwdb.bin.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--update</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Compile the hardware dabase information located in /usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d/,
+ /etc/udev/hwdb.d/ and store it in /etc/udev/hwdb.bin. This should be done with
+ any update to the source files, it will not be called automatically. The running
+ udev daemon will detect a new database on its own and does not need to be
+ notified about it.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--test=<replaceable>string</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Query the database with a modalias string, and print the
+ retrieved properties.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm test <optional>options</optional> <replaceable>devpath</replaceable></title>
+ <para>Simulate a udev event run for the given device, and print debug output.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--action=<replaceable>string</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The action string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--subsystem=<replaceable>string</replaceable></option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The subsystem string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2><title>udevadm test-builtin <optional>options</optional> <replaceable>command</replaceable> <replaceable>devpath</replaceable></title>
+ <para>Run a built-in command for the given device, and print debug output.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--help</option></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Print help text.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para><citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+ </citerefentry></para>
+ </refsect1>
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/vconsole.conf.xml b/man/vconsole.conf.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45156b7447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/vconsole.conf.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/xhtml/docbook.xsl"?>
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="vconsole.conf">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>vconsole.conf</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>vconsole.conf</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Configuration file for the virtual console</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/vconsole.conf</filename> file
+ configures the virtual console, i.e. keyboard mapping
+ and console font. It is applied at boot by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>The basic file format of the
+ <filename>vconsole.conf</filename> is a
+ newline-separated list of environment-like
+ shell-compatible variable assignments. It is possible
+ to source the configuration from shell scripts,
+ however, beyond mere variable assignments no shell
+ features are supported, allowing applications to read
+ the file without implementing a shell compatible
+ execution engine.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that the kernel command line options
+ <varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname>,
+ <varname>vconsole.keymap.toggle=</varname>,
+ <varname>vconsole.font=</varname>,
+ <varname>vconsole.font.map=</varname>,
+ <varname>vconsole.font.unimap=</varname> may be used
+ to override the console settings at boot.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on the operating system other
+ configuration files might be checked for configuration
+ of the virtual console as well, however only as
+ fallback.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>KEYMAP=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>KEYMAP_TOGGLE=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures the key
+ mapping table for the
+ keyboard. <varname>KEYMAP=</varname>
+ defaults to <literal>us</literal> if
+ not set. The
+ <varname>KEYMAP_TOGGLE=</varname> can
+ be used to configure a second toggle
+ keymap and is by default
+ unset.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>FONT=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>FONT_MAP=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>FONT_UNIMAP=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Configures the console
+ font, the console map and the unicode
+ font map.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>German keyboard and console</title>
+
+ <para><filename>/etc/vconsole.conf:</filename></para>
+
+ <programlisting>KEYMAP=de-latin1
+FONT=latarcyrheb-sun16</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loadkeys</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setfont</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>locale.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-localed.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>