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<p>D'après la nouvelle suivante <a href="https://parabolagnulinux.org/news/install-media-20120715-released/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">2012.07.15 installation media release</a>, l'outil d'installation AIF (Arch Installation Framework) n'est plus disponible. A la place, des scripts d'installation (<a href="https://github.com/falconindy/arch-install-scripts" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Arch Install Scripts</a>) sont fournis afin d'aider l'utilisateur dans l'installation d'Archlinux. Cet article résume le processus d'installation en utilisant ces scripts. Pour les nouveaux utilisateurs, un guide pour les débutants est disponible (<a href="/Beginners%27_Guide" title="Beginners' Guide">Beginners' Guide</a>).
</p>
<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Download_.28T.C3.A9l.C3.A9chargement.29"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Download (Téléchargement)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Keyboard_layout_.28Agencement_du_clavier.29"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Keyboard layout (Agencement du clavier)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Partition_disks_.28Partitionner_un_disque_dur.29"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Partition disks (Partitionner un disque dur)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Format_the_partitions_.28Formater_les_partitions.29"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Format the partitions (Formater les partitions)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Mount_the_partitions_.28Monter_les_partitions.29"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Mount the partitions (Monter les partitions)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Connect_to_the_Internet_.28Connexion_.C3.A0_Internet.29"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Connect to the Internet (Connexion à Internet)</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Wireless_.28Sans_fil.29"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Wireless (Sans fil)</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Install_the_base_system_.28Installer_le_syst.C3.A8me_de_base.29"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Install the base system (Installer le système de base)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Install_a_bootloader_.28Installer_un_chargeur_de_d.C3.A9marrage.29"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Install a bootloader (Installer un chargeur de démarrage)</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#GRUB_0.97"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">GRUB 0.97</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#GRUB_2"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">GRUB 2</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Syslinux"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Syslinux</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Configure_the_system_.28Configurer_le_syst.C3.A8me.29"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Configure the system (Configurer le système)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Unmount_and_reboot_.28D.C3.A9monter_les_partition_et_red.C3.A9marrer.29"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Unmount and reboot (Démonter les partition et redémarrer)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Configure_pacman_.28Configurer_Pacman.29"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Configure pacman (Configurer Pacman)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Update_the_system_.28Mettre_.C3.A0_jour_le_syst.C3.A8me.29"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Update the system (Mettre à jour le système)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Add_a_user_.28Ajouter_un_utilisateur.29"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Add a user (Ajouter un utilisateur)</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Acknowledgement_.28R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences.29"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Acknowledgement (Références)</span></a></li>
</ul>
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<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Download_.28T.C3.A9l.C3.A9chargement.29"> Download (Téléchargement) </span></h2>
<p>Les images ISO de Parabola GNU/Linux-libre sont disponible dans la <a href="https://wiki.parabolagnulinux.org/Get_Parabola_%28Fran%C3%A7ais%29" class="external text" rel="nofollow">page de téléchargement</a> de Parabola GNU/Linux-libre.
</p>
<ul><li> A la place de 6 images d'installation différentes, nous en fournissons une unique qui peut être lancée en live cd à la fois dans un système i686 et un système x86_64 afin d'installer Parabola GNU/Linux-libre depuis le réseau (Internet inclus). Les médias contenant les dépots [libre] et [core] ne sont plus fournis.
</li><li> Le images d'installation sont signées et il est fortement recommandé de vérifier leur signature avant utilisation. Dans Parabola GNU/Linux-libre, cela est fait en utilisant la commande <pre style="overflow: auto;">pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig</pre>
</li><li> L'image peut être gravée sur un CD, mountée en tant que fichier ISO ou directement transférée sur un disque USB (ex: clef USB) avec un utilitaire comme <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">dd</span>. Cette démarche est uniquement destinée aux nouvelles installations; une installation existante de Parabola GNU/Linux-libre peut toujours être mise à jour avec <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">pacman -Syu</span>. can always be updated with <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">pacman -Syu</span>.
</li></ul>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Keyboard_layout_.28Agencement_du_clavier.29"> Keyboard layout (Agencement du clavier) </span></h2>
<p>Pour beaucoup de pays et de types de claviers, les agencements de touches sont déjà disponibles. Une commande similaire à <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">loadkeys uk</span> devrait résoudre les problèmes éventuels. Plus d'agencements peuvent être trouvés dans <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/</span> (vous pouvez ommettre le chemin et l'extension du fichier en utilisant la commande loadkeys).
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Partition_disks_.28Partitionner_un_disque_dur.29"> Partition disks (Partitionner un disque dur) </span></h2>
<p>Voir <a href="/Partitioning" title="Partitioning" class="mw-redirect">partitioning</a> pour plus de détails.
</p><p>N'oubliez pas de créer des périphériques en mode "stacked block" comme <a href="/LVM" title="LVM">LVM</a>, <a href="/Dm-crypt_with_LUKS" title="Dm-crypt with LUKS" class="mw-redirect"> LUKS</a> ou <a href="/RAID" title="RAID"> RAID</a>.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Format_the_partitions_.28Formater_les_partitions.29"> Format the partitions (Formater les partitions) </span></h2>
<p>Voir <a href="/File_Systems#Step_2:_create_the_new_file_system" title="File Systems" class="mw-redirect">File Systems</a> pour plus de détails.
</p><p>Si vous utilisez (U)EFI vous aurez très probablement besoin d'une autre partition pour accueillir la partition système UEFI. Lire <a href="/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Create_an_UEFI_System_Partition_in_Linux" title="Unified Extensible Firmware Interface" class="mw-redirect">Create an UEFI System Partition in GNU/Linux</a>.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mount_the_partitions_.28Monter_les_partitions.29"> Mount the partitions (Monter les partitions) </span></h2>
<p>Nous devons maintenant monter la partition racine sur <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/ mnt</span>. Vous devez également créer des répertoires et monter n'importe quelle partition (<span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt/boot</span>, <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt/home</span>, ...) si vous voulez qu'elles soient détectées par <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">genfstab</span>.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Connect_to_the_Internet_.28Connexion_.C3.A0_Internet.29"> Connect to the Internet (Connexion à Internet) </span></h2>
<p>Un service DHCP est déjà activé pour tous les périphériques disponibles. Si vous devez configurer une adresse IP statique ou utiliser des outils de gestion tels que <a href="/Netcfg#Configuration" title="Netcfg" class="mw-redirect">Netcfg</a>, vous devez d'abord arrêter ce service: {ic|systemctl stop dhcpcd.service}}. Pour plus d'informations lire <a href="/Configuring_Network" title="Configuring Network" class="mw-redirect">Configuring Network</a>.
</p>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="Wireless_.28Sans_fil.29"> Wireless (Sans fil) </span></h3>
<p>Exécuter <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">wifi-menu</span> pour configurer votre réseau sans fil. Pour plus de détails, voir <a href="/Wireless_Setup" title="Wireless Setup">Wireless Setup</a> et <a href="/Netcfg#Configuration" title="Netcfg" class="mw-redirect">Netcfg</a>.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Install_the_base_system_.28Installer_le_syst.C3.A8me_de_base.29"> Install the base system (Installer le système de base) </span></h2>
<p>Avant l'installation, vous pouvez modifier <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist</span> de facon à ce que que votre miroir préféré soit le premier. Cette copie de la liste des miroirs sera également installée sur votre nouveau système par <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">pacstrap</span>. Donc, il vaut mieux bien faire les choses.
</p><p>Grace au script <a href="https://github.com/falconindy/arch-install-scripts/blob/master/pacstrap.in" class="external text" rel="nofollow">pacstrap</a>, nous installons le système de base.
</p><p>D'autres paquets peuvent être installés en ajoutant leurs noms à la commande ci-dessus (séparés par des espaces), y compris le chargeur de démarrage si vous voulez.
</p><p>Si vous avez une partition racine avec le système de fichiers btrfs, vous souhaiterez probablement installer également <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">btrfs-progs</span>.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Install_a_bootloader_.28Installer_un_chargeur_de_d.C3.A9marrage.29"> Install a bootloader (Installer un chargeur de démarrage) </span></h2>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="GRUB_0.97"> <a href="/GRUB" title="GRUB">GRUB 0.97</a> </span></h3>
<ul><li> La paquet GRUB 1 est installé par défaut.
</li></ul>
<ul><li> Installer GRUB 1 après chrooting (voir la partie <a href="#Configure_the_system">#Configure the system</a>).
</li></ul>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="GRUB_2"> <a href="/GRUB2" title="GRUB2">GRUB 2</a> </span></h3>
<p>Supprimer d'abord le paquet Grub 0.97:
</p>
<pre># chroot /mnt pacman -R grub
</pre>
<ul><li> Pour les systèmes avec un BIOS:
</li></ul>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt grub-bios
</pre>
<ul><li> Pour les systèmes avec EFI (dans quelques rare cas, vous aurez besoin de <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">grub-efi-i386</span> à la place):
</li></ul>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt grub-efi-x86_64
</pre>
<ul><li> Installer GRUB 2 après chrooting (voir la partie <a href="#Configure_the_system">#Configure the system</a>).
</li></ul>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline" id="Syslinux"> <a href="/Syslinux" title="Syslinux">Syslinux</a> </span></h3>
<pre># pacstrap /mnt syslinux
</pre>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Configure_the_system_.28Configurer_le_syst.C3.A8me.29"> Configure the system (Configurer le système) </span></h2>
<p>Générez un fichier <a href="/Fstab" title="Fstab">fstab</a> avec la commande suivante (si vous préférez utiliser les UUIDs ou les labels, ajouter l'option <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">-U</span> ou l'option <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">-L</span> respectivement) :
</p>
<pre># genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
</pre>
<p>Ensuite nous entrons via <a href="/Chroot" title="Chroot" class="mw-redirect">chroot</a> dans le système fraîchement installé:
</p>
<pre># arch-chroot /mnt
</pre>
<ul><li> Entrez le hostname de la machine dans <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/hostname</span>.
</li><li> Liez symboliquement <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/localtime</span> à <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone</span>. Remplacez <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">Zone</span> et <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">Subzone</span> selon vos préférences.
</li></ul>
<p>Par exemple:
</p>
<pre># ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime
</pre>
<ul><li> Ajustez la préférence <a href="/Locale#Setting_system-wide_locale" title="Locale">locale</a> dans <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/locale.conf</span>.
</li><li> Ajoutez la préférence <a href="/KEYMAP" title="KEYMAP">console keymap and font</a> dans <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/vconsole.conf</span>
</li><li> Décommenter la locale sélectionnée dans <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/locale.gen</span> et généré la avec <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">locale-gen</span>.
</li><li> Configurez <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/mkinitcpio.conf</span> comme nécessaire (voir <a href="/Mkinitcpio" title="Mkinitcpio">mkinitcpio</a>) et créez un disque RAM initial avec:
</li></ul>
<pre># mkinitcpio -p linux-libre
</pre>
<ul><li> Configurez le chargeur de démarrage : référez vous à l'article concernant l'installation du chargeur de démarrage.
</li></ul>
<ul><li> Changez le password de l'utilisateur root avec <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">passwd</span>.
</li></ul>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Unmount_and_reboot_.28D.C3.A9monter_les_partition_et_red.C3.A9marrer.29"> Unmount and reboot (Démonter les partition et redémarrer) </span></h2>
<p>Si vous êtes toujours dans l'environnement chroot entrez <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">exit</span> ou pressez <span style="border: 0.25em solid; border-color: #DDD #BBB #BBB #DDD; background: #EEE; padding: 0.10em 0.40em; margin: 0.10em; white-space: nowrap; min-width: 1em; display: inline-block; text-align: center">Ctrl+D</span> pour sortir.
Plus tôt, nous avons monté les partitions dans <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/mnt</span>. Ici, nous allons les démonter :
</p>
<pre># umount /mnt/{boot,home,}
</pre>
<p>Redémarrez et authentifiez vous dans le nouveau système avec l'utilisateur root.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Configure_pacman_.28Configurer_Pacman.29"> Configure pacman (Configurer Pacman) </span></h2>
<p>Editez <span style="display:inline-block; background-color:#ebf1f5; padding: 0.1em 0.2em; font-family:monospace; color:#222;">/etc/pacman.conf</span> et configurez les options de pacman, en activant également les dépôts dont vous avez besoin.
</p><p>Voir <a href="/Pacman" title="Pacman" class="mw-redirect">Pacman</a> et <a href="/Official_Repositories" title="Official Repositories">Official Repositories</a> pour plus de détails.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Update_the_system_.28Mettre_.C3.A0_jour_le_syst.C3.A8me.29"> Update the system (Mettre à jour le système) </span></h2>
<p>A ce stade, vous devriez mettre à jour votre système.
</p><p>Voir <a href="/Pacman#Upgrading_packages" title="Pacman" class="mw-redirect">Upgrading packages</a> pour les instructions.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Add_a_user_.28Ajouter_un_utilisateur.29"> Add a user (Ajouter un utilisateur) </span></h2>
<p>Finalement, ajouter un utilisateur standard comme décrit dans <a href="/Users_and_Groups#User_management" title="Users and Groups" class="mw-redirect">User management</a>.
</p><p>Votre nouveau système de base Parabola GNU/Linux-libre est maintenant un environnement GNU/Linux fonctionnel : vous pouvez suivre le <a href="/Beginners%27_Guide/Extra" title="Beginners' Guide/Extra">Beginners' Guide/Extra</a> pour des suggestions de paramétrage.
</p>
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Acknowledgement_.28R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences.29"> Acknowledgement (Références) </span></h2>
<div>This wiki article is based on <a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">ArchWiki</a>. We may have removed non-<a href="https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">FSDG</a> bits from it.</div>
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